Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This presentation provide brief information about different types of cements in Dentistry. also you will find information about cementation tips and techniques. Recent resin cements are also included in this presentation
This presentation provide brief information about different types of cements in Dentistry. also you will find information about cementation tips and techniques. Recent resin cements are also included in this presentation
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
By definition, a veneer is a small sheath-like cover that conceals a particular entity. In dentistry, a veneer is a small piece of porcelain or composite material that fits over a tooth’s enamel, covering teeth abnormalities for a beautiful smile.
Here we discuss various types of veneers, their uses , preparation types as well as the recent advances in a phased manner.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
By definition, a veneer is a small sheath-like cover that conceals a particular entity. In dentistry, a veneer is a small piece of porcelain or composite material that fits over a tooth’s enamel, covering teeth abnormalities for a beautiful smile.
Here we discuss various types of veneers, their uses , preparation types as well as the recent advances in a phased manner.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Luting agents for fixed prosthodontics/ orthodontic course by indian dental a...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bonding agents and its application in prosthodontics / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Resin bonded bridges/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Resin adhesives in endodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Similar to CEMENTATION PROCEDURES IN FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES/ dental crown & bridge courses (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. CONTENTS:
-Introduction
-Definitions
-Review of literature
-Ideal requirements
-Types of luting cements.
-Mechanism of retention
-Factors affecting the clinical performance of
cements:
-Characteristics of abutment-prosthesis interface
-Procedure for cementation of prosthesiswww.indiandentalacademy.com
3. -Placement of cement
-Seating of the prosthesis
-Removal of excess cement
-Post cementation
-Dislodgement of prosthesis
-Cementation procedures
-Conclusion
-References
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Cement:
A binding element or agent used as a substance to
make objects adhere to each other or something
serving to firmly unite OR
A material that on hardening will fill a space or
bind adjacent objects.
Cementation:
The process of attaching parts by means of cement.
Luting agent:
Any material used to attach or cement indirect
restorations to prepared teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Review of literature:
Russell W. Bassett(1966) in his article on solving
the problems of cementing the full veneer cast
crown has listed three fundamental principles to
aid in the seating and sealing of full crown
restorations.
These principles are-
-Internal surface relief.
-Perforation of the crown to provide a vent for
escape of the cement.
-Over waxing the gingival margins of the crown.
‘The findings of this study indicated that using both
internal relief for the cement, plus a vent for
escape of cement permitted minimal gingival
discrepancy following cementation.’www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. E.Ricardo Schwedheim, Xavier Lepe and Tar
Chee Aw (2003) described a venting technique or
cement escape for the cementation of implant
supported restoration. A wax pattern on the die
was prepared and cut back was done for porcelain
veneering, following which an 18-gauge metal
stainless steel rod was used to create a vent for
escape of cement.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. The casting was performed with conventional
method. The crown was cemented and before the
cement could set a stainless steel rod was inserted
to block the vent. A mention has also been made
for the use of permanent restorative material such
as gold foil, amalgam or composite resin to fill the
vent instead of stainless steel.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Consuel Caeg, Karl E. Leinfelder, William R.
Lacefeild and William Bell (1990) conducted a
study to assess the effectiveness of various surface
preparation methods on increasing the bond
strength of resin luting agents to several dental
casting alloys( T3, Vitallium and N72).
The alloys were:
-Electrolytically etched
-Silica treated
-Electrolytically etched and silica treated.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. In conclusion they found that the silica-treating
process provides a significantly higher resin-metal
bond strength than electrolytic etching procedure.
The simplication of bonding process and
elimination of variables that are involved in
etching techniques gives this procedure an added
advantage. www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Anthony H.L. et al (1992) conducted a study to
evaluate the sealing ability of a new resin cement
(Panavia EX) used in cementation of cast gold
complete crown restorations as compared with
those cemented with standard zinc phosphate
cement.
In conclusion they found that, the crowns
cemented with Panavia EX exhibited less marginal
leakage than those cemented with zinc phosphate.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. Sergio Gorodovsky and Omar Zidan (1992)
measured the retention of crowns cemented or
bonded with five methods using a zinc phophate
cement, a glass ionomer cement, a resin cement, a
with a dental bonding agent and an adhesive resin
cement.
They concluded that there was statistically
significant difference between the groups,
attributed to the elevated retentive strength of the
adhesive resin cement.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. Jean C. Wu and Peter Wilson (1994): conducted a
study to investigate the cement space necessary for
optimal seating of the crowns cemented with resin
luting cements. Zinc phosphate was used as an
acceptable standard against which other luting
agents- Panavia EX and C&B Metabond were
compared.
They concluded that increasing the amount of die
spacing resulted in decreased seating discrepancies
for all cements.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Ideal luting materials should:
1.Be biocompatible with the tissues that it
contacts..
2. Adhere to tooth substance and restoration…
3. Prevent leakage by good marginal seal.
4. Have sufficient mechanical properties to resist
the forces transmitted to the lute through the
restoration.
5. Be cariostatic
6. Resist water sorption.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. 7. Be insoluble in the dilute organic acids found in
plaque- which may collect at the gingival margins
of poorly contoured/poorly fitting indirect
restorations or in patients with suboptimal oral
hygiene.
8. Be available in a sufficient range of shades..
9. Achieve optimal physical properties as quickly
as possible.
10. Allow easy removal of excess and clean-up.
11. Have sufficiently low film thickness…
12. Have radiopacity similar to or greater than
dentine. www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Classification:
1. To the material from which they are formed
2. More generally as Active and Passive.
‘Active luting materials can be used in
restorations in which there is limited retention.’
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Principles of cementation:
-The properties of various cements differ from
each other. Hence, the choice of cement is
governed to a large degree by functional and
biologic demands of the particular clinical
situation.
- If optimal performance is to be attained, physical
and biologic properties, and the handling
characteristics such as working and setting time
and ease of removing excess material must be
considered in selecting a cement for a specific
task. www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Mechanism of retention:
1. Non-adhesive (mechanical) luting:
- Latin (lutum = mud) , luting agent primarily
served to fill the gap and prevent the entrance of
fluids.
Eg. Zinc phosphate cement: holds the restoration in
place by engaging small irregularities on the
surface of both the tooth and the restoration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. 2. Micromechanical bonding:
- eg. Resin cements when used on pitted surfaces
can provide effective micromechanical bonding
-deep irregularities are produced on the surface of
enamel,ceramic or metal….
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. 3. Molecular adhesion:
-involves physical forces (bipolar, Van der Waals
and chemical bonds (ionic, covalent) between the
molecules of two different substances.
Eg. Glass ionomer cements , zinc polycarboxylate
cements.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. 11. Characteristics of abutment – Prosthesis. Characteristics of abutment – Prosthesis
interface:interface:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. 2. Procedure for cementation of prosthesis:
Consists :
-Placing the cements on the internal surface of the
prosthesis and extending slightly over the margin,
-Seating on the preparation
-Removing the excess cement at an appropriate
time. www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Placement of cement:
-Coat the entire inner surface of the crown &
extend slightly beyond the margin.
-Fill about half of the interior crown volume
-Free of voids
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Seating:
Facilitated by:
-Using a cement of lower viscosity.
-Increasing the taper & decreasing the height of the
crown preparation.
-Creating vibration by tapping on the prosthesis as
the pressure is applied.www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. -The data of Hoard et al using a model full
crown die system showed that the most fluid
cement (zinc oxide eugenol) generated least
hydraulic pressures during seating followed by
polycarboxylate, with zinc phosphate exhibiting
greatest peak and residual hydraulic pressure.
-Both Eames and associates and Hembree and
Coworkers have confirmed that venting is a
satisfactory method of achieving minimal film
thickness under crowns.
-In addition to venting, provision of a 30mm
relief space or etching away the interior of the
casting have been suggested.www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Removal of Excess cement:
-If the cement sets to a brittle state and does not
adhere to the surrounding surfaces, the tooth and
the prosthesis, it is best removed after it sets.
-zinc phosphate, silicophasphate, ZoE cements.
-For glass ionomer cements, polycarboxylate
cements and resin based cements that are
potentially capable of adhering both chemically and
physically to the surrounding surfaces-remove
excess cement immediately after seating the
restoration or after the complete setting has
occurred. eg. Gic.. www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Post cementation:
-Cements continue to mature over time.
-Free of contamination from surrounding
moisture.
-Free from loss of water through evaporation,
-The cements will acquire additional strength and
become more resistance to dissolution.
-Coats of varnish or a bonding agent should be
placed around the margin before the patient is
discharged.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Dislodgement of prosthesis:
Fixed prostheses can debond because of biologic
or physical reasons or a combination of the two.
There are two basic modes of failure associated
with cements. Cohesive fracture of the cement and
separation along the interface.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Factors influencing the retention of fixed prosthesis:
1.Film thickness:
It is believed that thinner film has lesser flaws
compared with a thicker one.
2.Cement should have high strength required to
dislodge appliances cemented with cements that
have higher tensile strengths than with cements of
low tensile strengths.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. 3. Dimensional changes occurring in the cement
during setting should be minimized.
4. A cement with the potential of chemically
bonding to the tooth and prostheses surface or
bond enhancing intermediate layer may be used to
reduce the potential of separation of the interface
and maximize the effect of the inherent strength.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Cementation procedures:
Zinc phosphate:
-First introduced in 1878
-Oldest of the currently available luting materials.
-Available as powder & liquid in 2 separate bottles
Classification acc. to ADA specification No.8
-Type I & II
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Manipulation:
-P/L Ratio- 1.4gm/0.5ml
-Mixing time- 1min 15secs
-A cool glass slab is used….
-Liquid should be dispensed just before mixing
-Powder is added in small increments.
-Large area is covered during mixing to release
the heat.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Procedure:
-Isolate the tooth to be cemented
-Protect tooth from the acidity of the cement.
-Liquid is disposed onto the glass slab just before
mixing.
-Divide the powder into small increments app.
3mm on a side. Move one increment across the
slab and incorporate into the liquid, mixing it for
20 sec. across a wide area.
-Mix each increment for 20 seconds.www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. -Check the consistency of the mix. When it is
right it will string out about 10mm b/w the
spatula and the glass slab.
-Load the clean dry restoration with cement.
-Seat the restoration on the tooth.
-Check if the restoration is properly seated.
-Keep the area dry till the cement hardens.
-The excess helps protect the margins during
setting.
-Remove excess cement once it has hardened.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. Cementation with zinc polycarboxylate:
-Mixing: The powder-liquid ratio for this type of
cement is 1.5 parts powder to 1.0 part liquid.
Dispense one measure of powder for each
restoration to be cemented.
-Express 1.0ml of liquid from the graduated
syringe for each measure of powder and begin
mixing immediately. The powder must be
incorporated immediately, and the spatulation
must be completed within 30 seconds.
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40. Post cementation: Remove cement from the
casting in the mouth before it becomes rubbery,
or after it has set. Removing the cement while it
is in its elastic semi-set stage may pull some out
from under the margin of the restoration, leaving
a void in the cement near the margin.
Keep the restored tooth isolated and dry until the
cement has set completely.
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41. Cementation with glass ionomer cement:
-Development of Gic was first announced by
Wilson and Kent in 1972.
-Contain an ion-leachable fluoro-alumino-silicate
glass which reacts with a water soluble polymeric
acid acqueous poly(alkenoic)acid.
-The set cement is a core of unreacted glass
particles sheathed by a siliceous hydro gel bound
together by the reaction products.www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. -The cement sets by an acid base reaction.
-The mix must be completed within 60 seconds
-The mix must be creamy in consistency.
-Working time is 3 minutes so operator must be
fast.
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43. Resin luting materials:
-Bond to fitting surface of the restoration.
-May bond to the tooth by the use of dentine
bonding agents.
Self adhesive variants are also available.
-Also bond to ceramic surface which has been
rendered micromechanically retentive by treatment
with hydrofluoric acid, while bonding to the metal
may be achieved by oxidizing or tin-plating gold
surfaces. www.indiandentalacademy.com
44. Advantages:
-Major improvement in physical properties.
-Introduction of tooth colored indirect ceramic and
resin restoration requiring resin cement.
-Reduced potential for pulp damage and
postoperative sensitivity with many bonding
agents….
-Recent advances are self adhesive systems like
‘RelyX Unicem.’
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45. Recommendations-
-Use with an effective dentin bonding agent
-Material of choice for porcelain veneers all
ceramic crowns and resin retained bridges.
-Teeth with insufficient crown root-ratio.
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46. Auto-polymerizing resin-based luting materials:
-Loosing popularity because of the alternative
dual cure systems which have a similar basic
chemistry.
eg. Panavia F, Panavia EX.
Panavia consists of mainly 10-
methacryloxydecyledihydrogen phosphate (MDP);
which produces a demonstrable bond with enamel
and dentin when used with its primer system; and
adhesion to base metal surfaces.
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47. C&B Metabond/Superbond:
Contains 4-META which when used with its primer
system promote dentinal tubule penetration and
hybrid layer formation.
Disadvantage:
-Low working time
-Long setting time
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48. Dual-cure and light-cure resin luting materials:
-Gives operator more control over the setting
material than auto-polymerizing systems.
Recent developments include:
-Clicker (RelyX arc 3M ESPE)
-Calibra,Dentsply-water-based try in paste.
-Variolink II- Vivadent.
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49. Self-adhesive resin luting material:
Example-RelyX Unicem:
-This auto-polymerizing or dual-cure resin based
material consists of phosphoric acid modified
methacrylate resins which, when mixed, have a pH
of 1.
-This then results in the etching of the dentine
surface, resulting in the formation of a thin hybrid
layer.
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50. -Contains fluoro-alumuno-silica glass fillers(72%
by weight) and a new initiator system which
operates under acidic conditions: this allows a high
degree of cross linking of the monomer system.
-Most recently introduced self adhesive system
Maxcem (Kerr Mfg Co.) which is easy to use auto-
mix syringe format.
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51. Designing Bonding SystemsDesigning Bonding Systems
BONDING AGENT
PRIMER
ETCHANT
E+nE+nPP++BB
US Companies
2 =
1 =
E+nE+nPPBB
Japanese Companies
= 2
= 1
or nEor nEPP++BB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
PrimerPrimer
???
nEnEPPBB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
AdhesiveAdhesive
hydrophilic tooth structure
hydrophobic “restorative material”
Total Etch SystemsTotal Etch Systems
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52. E + nE + nPP ++ BB or nEor nEPP ++ BB E + nE + nPPBB nEnEPPBB
Self-Etching PrimerSelf-Etching Primer
Self-Etching AdhSelf-Etching Adh
nnP =P =
HEMA, … ,HEMA, … ,
(Polymers),(Polymers),
Alcohol, HAlcohol, H22O, AcetO, Acet
E =E =
HH33POPO44,,
HH22OO
B =B =
Bis-GMA, TEGDMABis-GMA, TEGDMA
Acetone or AlcoholAcetone or Alcohol
E =E =
HH33POPO44,,
HH22OO
nnPB =PB =
HEMA, … , TEGDMAHEMA, … , TEGDMA
(Polymers),(Polymers),
Alcohol, HAlcohol, H22O, AcetO, Acet
B =B =
MMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,MMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA,
(Polymers),(Polymers),
Acetone or AlcoholAcetone or Alcohol
Acid Monomer,Acid Monomer,
HEMA,HEMA,
HH22OO
nnEP =EP =
Acid Monomer,Acid Monomer,
HEMA,HEMA,
Polymer,Polymer,
(TEGDMA),(TEGDMA),
HH22O, AlcoholO, Alcohol
nnEP =EP =
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53. E+nE+nPP++BB E+nE+nPBPB nEPnEP++BB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
PrimerPrimer
nEPnEPBB
Self-EtchingSelf-Etching
AdhesiveAdhesive
Total-Etch SystemsTotal-Etch Systems Self-Etch SystemsSelf-Etch Systems
Reliable BondingReliable Bonding No Postoperative SensitivityNo Postoperative Sensitivity
1. Store in the refrigerator and use quickly.
2. Use steel or carbide burs (not diamonds) for
dentin surfaces to be bonded.
3. Apply multiple layers and agitate applicator.
4. SEPs (and SEAs) should be “air dried” >10s,
and “not air thinned.”
5. Consider H3PO4 etch, as well, if significant
enamel involved in preparation surfaces.
Hybrid
Layer
Hybrid
Layer
Hybrid
Layer
Hybrid
Layer
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
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54. Cementation of veneers:
-Clean the prepared tooth with non- fluoride
pumice and try in the porcelain veneers. Verify the
marginal fit.
-A drop of water or glycerine will help the veneer
stay in place on the tooth during try-in. If there is
an overhang, trim it with a fine-grit diamond.
After verifying the marginal fit, evaluate the
proximal contacts.www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. -The final appearance of a veneer is affected by
the shade of cement used. Isolate the teeth with
Mylar strips.
-Determine the correct shade
-Now clean the veneer with a solvent such as
acetone.
- Pumice the teeth to remove any traces of
polymerized composite resin.
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56. -Dry veneer with an air syringe.
-Apply the previously selected luting cement to
the internal surface of the veneer and carefully
seat it on the etched tooth; applying gentle finger
pressure.
-Apply a visible light-curing unit for 10 sec.
Again verify the position. Remove the flash
carefully before the resin is completely
polymerized. Continue the polymerization first
lingual side (60 sec each side).www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. -Once the luting has polymerized, fine grit flame
diamonds may be used to trim the excess
composite cement. Check occlusion, which should
be adjusted only after the veneer is bonded to the
tooth.
-Finally finish the porcelain.
-Proximal areas can be finished using mylar strips.
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63. Precious metal:
Sandblast
restoration
Apply ALLOY PRIMER
to restoration additionally
Cementation of precious restorations(adhesiveCementation of precious restorations(adhesive
bridges)bridges)
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64. Post Cementation with Panavia FPost Cementation with Panavia F
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69. References:
-Ana M.diaz-Arnold et al: Current status of luting agents in fixed
prosthodontics. Jpd(1999);81:135-141.
-Anthony H.L. Tjan, Dr. Dent, James R. Dunn and Ben E. Grant: Marginal
leakage of cast gold crown luted with an adhesive resin cement. Jpd
(1992);67:115.
-Anusavice: Phillips science of dental materials. 11th
edition; Saunders 2003.
Burke Trevor FJ: Trends in indirect dentistry:3. Luitn Materials. Dent
Update 2005;32:251-260.
-Consuelo Caeg, Karl E. Leinfelder, William R. Lancefield and William
Bell:Effectiveness of a method used in bonding resins to metal. Jpd
(1990);64:1.
-E.Ricardo Schwedhelm, Xvier Lepe, Tar Chee Aw: A crown venting
technique for the cementation of implant-supported crowns.Jpd(2003);89:89-
90. www.indiandentalacademy.com
70. -Mitchell C.A: Selection of materials for post cementation.
Deant Update (2000);27:350-354.
-Rosensteil S.F. et al: Denatl luting agents: A review of the
current literature. Jpd (1998);80:280-301.
-Russel W. Bassett: Solving the problem of cementing the full
veneer cast gold crown.Jpd (1966);45:400-404.
-Sergio Gorodovsky and Omar Zidan: Retentive strength,
disintegration and marginal quality of luting cements. Jpd
(1992);68:269-274.
-Shane N. White and Zhaokun Yu: Film thickness of new luting
agents. Jpd 1992;67:782-785. -Shillinberg H.T. et al:
Fundamentals of fixed prosthodontics. Chicago 1997,
Quintessence Publishing Co.
-Tylmans Theory and Practice of Fixed Prosthodontics 8th
Edition;U.S.A.2000.
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