Universal adhesives were introduced as the seventh generation of dental adhesives. They can be used with self-etch, selective-etch, and total-etch techniques without needing separate activators. They contain MDP monomers that enable effective bonding to calcium, dentin, enamel, zirconia and metal alloys. Universal adhesives simplify the application process and are more resistant to contamination compared to previous adhesive generations. They form both a hybrid layer and chemical bonds through MDP monomers, making the bond more durable over time.

1. BONDING
AGENT
GENERATIONS
DEFINITION,MECHANISM
AND GENERATIONS
BY : Farah Sarmad
Dental student /4th stage
At university of baghdad

2. DEFINITION
are resin materials used to make a dental
composite filling material adhere to
both dentin and enamel.
IT IS CONSISTS OF :
PMMA(POLY METHYL METHACRYLATE)
volatile carrier
solvent like acetone
They may also contain diluent monomers.

3. MECHANISMS OF ACTION
ETCH PRIMER
BONDING
AGENT
 PARTIALTOTAL
REMOVAL OF SMEAR
LAYER.
 DEMINERALIZATION OF
INTERTUBULAR &
PERITUBULAR DENTIN.
 DENTINAL TUBULES
OPENED WHILE
EXPOSING COLLAGEN
FIBERS.
 MICROPOROSITY OF
INTERTUBULAR
DENTIN INCREASED.
 INCREASE THE
CRITICAL
SURFACE
TENSION OF
DENTIN.
 PENTERATE THE
INTERTUBULAR
DENTIN & FORMING
HYBRID LAYER.
 PENTERATE &
POLYMERIZE IN
OPEN DENTINAL
TUBULES
&FORMING RESIN
TAGS.

7. FOURTH GENERATION
(THREE STEP ADHESIVE)
etchant
primer
adhesive

8. • Etchant (phosphoric acid in gel form)
• Primer : is a bifunctional molecule consist of hydrophilic
(monomers in ethanol , acetone & water attaches to the tooth) .
hydrophobic monomer attaches to the composite resin.
Examples : HMA
NTG-GMA
PENTA
• Bonding agent: consist of unfilled & filled resins BisGMA ,
UDMA with TEGDMA & HEMA .
Aids in penetration into intertubular dentin
to form a resin dentin inter diffusion zone
called HYBRID LAYER .

9. ADVANTAGES
 Higher bond strength of 17-24MPa
 Reliable and consistent results
DISADVANTAGES
 Technique sensitive
 Time consuming procedure
 Over wetting or over drying of dentin
BRAND NAMES
 All bond 2 & All bond 3
 Optibond FL ( Kerr corporation)
 3M ESPE

10. Total etchant
for 15 sec
Rinse the
etchant
thoroughly
+blot dry
primer
Adhesive
Light cure

11. FIFTH GENERATION
TWO STEPS
PRIMER &
ADHESIVE
ETCHA
NT

13. Prime&bond
NT(Dentsply
Adper
single
bond 2
ExciTE(ivocl
ar,vivadent)
XP
bond
One
caot
bond

15. SISTH
GENERATION
2 STEPS & 2
COMPONENT
1 STEP & 2
COMPONENT

16. VI GENERATION
2 STEPS & 2 COMPONENT
 NOURSHING CONDITIONER OR SELF PRIMER ETCHANT
 MECHANISM OF ACION:-
 THE ACIDIC PRIMERS CONTAIN PHOSPHATED RESIN
MOLECULES PERFORMS FUNCTIONS:-
 ETCHING & PRIMERING OF ENAMEL .
 INCORPORATING SMEAR PLUGS INTO RESIN TAGS.

17. APPLICATION
OF BOTTLE 1
ETCHANT+
PRIMER
AFTER 10S ,APPLY
BOTTLE 2 ON
TOOTH SURFACE
LIGHT CURE

19. SIXTH GENERATION
1 STEP & 2 COMPONENT
Bottle 1
Conditioner
+primer
Bottle 2
Adhesive
resin

20.  Self etching primers are acidic in nature leading to it’s
penetration along the aqueous channels found in smear
layer and widening them.
 When the concentration of acidic monomers increased
(30-40% in VI) aided in etching through smear layer .
 Self etching primers contain acidic esters like
HEMA,MDP,TEGDMA .
 Simpler than that of total etchant adhesive systems.
Xeno III(Dentsply)
One Up bond
(tokuyama)
Prompt L bond
(3M ESPE)

23.  NO ETCHING NEEDED.
 LESS TECHNIQUE SENSITIVE.
 LESS TIME CONSUMING .
 SELF ETCH ADHESIVES ARE LESS LIKELY TO RESULT IN
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN DEPTH OF DEMINERALIZATION
AND DEPTH OF INFILTRATION.
 DECREASE SHELF LIFE.
 INCOMPATIBLE WITH CHEMICAL CURE COMPOSITE.
 SELF ETCH ADHESIVES ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE DO NOT
ETCH AS EFFECIENTLY AS PHOSPHORIC ACID ESPECIALLY IF
THE ENAMEL HAS NOT BEEN INSTRUMENTED.

24. SEVENTH GENERATION
SELF ETCHING ADHESIVE
The etchant,primer & adhesive
resin are combined in one bottle .
Advantage:-
1. Lesser application time.
2. Decrease in errors with etch
step.

26. • iBond (heraeus kulzer)
• G bond ( GC )
• Xeno IV(dentsply)
• Clearfil S3(curare)
• Xeno v+

28.  Can be used with self-etch , selective-etch &
total_etch technique.
 Can be used with dual- cure , self-cure & light-cure
without need to separate activator.
 Can be used for both direct and indirect substrates.
 The adhesive MDP monomer contained in most
universal adhesives enables effective bonding to
calcium, dentin, enamel, zirconia and metal alloys

31. 1) The first universal adhesive has a 100% retention rate after three
years with a total-etch approach. Scotchbond Universal from 3M was
the first universal adhesive introduced. It has the 10 MDP Monomer.
2) Universal adhesives have a higher pH level than other adhesives,
Phosphoric acid etches enamel well and “enamel likes an aggressive
etch.”
3) The application techniques are simplified with universal adhesives.
4) curing light matters-a lot.
5) Universals are much more resistant to contamination than their
predecessors.
6) Universals have a separate bonding mechanism in addition to the
hybrid layer formation. All bonding agents create a hybrid layer
consisting of collagen encased adhesive but the US creating a
chemical bond from the 10 MDP monomers to the calcium in the
tooth. This makes the bond more durable-and getting more so all the
time.
7) Most universals bond well to zirconia.