3. Eukaryotes
• an organism consisting of a cell or
cells in which the genetic material is
DNA in the form of chromosomes
contained within a distinct nucleus.
Eukaryotes include all living
organisms other than the eubacteria
and archaebacteria.
4. Eukaryote’s
Characteristics
• Eukaryotes have a smaller surface area to volume ratio
than prokaryotes, and thus have lower metabolic rates and
longer generation times. The evolution of sexual
reproduction may be a primordial and fundamental
characteristic of eukaryotes.
6. Location
and
Benefits!
• The eukaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane that
surrounds the nucleus, in which the well-defined
chromosomes (bodies containing the hereditary
material) are located.
• The presence of a nucleus in eukaryotic cells
gives eukaryotes two advantages. The nucleus
represents an additional protective enclosure of
the DNA. As a result, eukaryotic DNA is less
susceptible to mutations. The nucleus also
makes reproduction easier to control.
7. Examples of
Eukaryotes
• Examples of Eukaryotes Just about every
organism you're familiar with is a eukaryote.
Single celled organisms like yeast, paramecia
and amoebae are all eukaryotes. Grass,
potatoes, and pine trees are all eukaryotes,
as are algae, mushrooms, and tapeworms.
And, of course, moles, fruit flies, and you are
also examples of eukaryotes.
9. Prokaryotes
• a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a
distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized
organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and
cyanobacteria.
10. Prokaryote’s
Characteristics
• Prokaryotes are single-celled
organisms belonging to the domains
Bacteria and
Archaea. Prokaryotic cells are much
smaller than eukaryotic cells, have no
nucleus, and lack organelles.
All prokaryotic cells are encased by
a cell wall.
12. Prokaryotes Location
and Benefits
• Prokaryotes live in nearly all environments on Earth.
Some archaea and bacteria are extremophiles, thriving in
harsh conditions, such as high temperatures (
thermophiles) or high salinity ( halophiles ). Many
archaea grow as plankton in the oceans. Symbiotic
prokaryotes live in or on the bodies of other organisms,
including humans.
• Fortunately, only a few species of prokaryotes are
pathogenic! Prokaryotes also interact with humans and
other organisms in a number of ways that are beneficial.
For example, prokaryotes are major participants in the
carbon and nitrogen cycles. They produce or process
nutrients in the digestive tracts of humans and other
animals.
13. Examples of
Prokaryotes
• Some examples of prokaryotic organisms include the
common bacteria E. coli, the archaea M. Smithii
which helps humans break down polysaccharides
in the intestines, and Deinococcus radiodurans, a
species of bacteria known for its extreme radiation
resistance.
