The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows and replicates its DNA. Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases. The mitotic phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis involves four phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - where the duplicated chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm and completes cell division into two daughter cells through cleavage furrow formation in animal cells and cell plate formation in plant cells.
Helpful for understanding the mitosis with some live images and short and simple description of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
Dr. Smita Lande Department of Botany, Late Pundalikrao Gawali Arts and Science Mahavidyalaya, Shirpur (Jain). Presentation for B.Sc. II sem IV students
Helpful for understanding the mitosis with some live images and short and simple description of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
Dr. Smita Lande Department of Botany, Late Pundalikrao Gawali Arts and Science Mahavidyalaya, Shirpur (Jain). Presentation for B.Sc. II sem IV students
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
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Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
2. The Cell Cycle
A cell cycle is the ordered sequence of events that
extends
from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing
parent cell to its own division into two cells.
The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases:
1. interphase
2. the mitotic phase.
3. Most of a cell cycle is
spent in interphase.
During interphase a cell
performs its normal
functions
Replicates all of its
DNA – sister
chromatids
doubles everything in
its cytoplasm
grows in size
The Cell Cycle
4. Interphase can be
broken down into 3
distinct phases
1. G1 phase – cells increase
in size, make new proteins
and organelles
2. S phase – chromosomes
replicate, DNA synthesis
3. G2 phase – completion of
organelle production
The Cell Cycle - Interphase
5. The mitotic (M) phase includes two overlapping
processes:
1. mitosis, in which the nucleus and its contents divide
evenly into two daughter nuclei
2. cytokinesis, in which the cytoplasm is divided in two
The Cell Cycle
6. Mitosis
consists of
four distinct
phases:
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
7. 1. Prophase
Changes occur in nucleus and cytoplasm
Chromatin fibers coil in the nucleus
into visible chromosomes
Each chromosome exists as 2 identical
sister chromatids connected at the
centromere
Microtubules start to grow from each
centrosome and the centrosomes move
away from each other
Nuclear envelope breaks into pieces
Spindle microtubules attach to the
centromeres of the chromosomes and
move them toward the center of the
cell.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
8. 1. Metaphase
Mitotic spindle is fully
formed
Chromosomes line up
between the two poles of
the spindle (between the
two centrosomes)
Microtubules attached to
the centromeres play tug
of war keeping the
chromosomes in the
middle of the cell.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
9. 1. Anaphase
Sister chromatids
separate and move
toward opposite poles
of the cell as the
spindle microtubules
shorten
Microtubules not
attached to
chromosomes get
longer and elongate
the cell.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
10. 1. Telophase and Cytokinesis
Chromosomes have
reached the opposite
ends of the cell
Nuclear envelope forms
Chromosomes uncoil
Spindle dissapears
Cytoplasm divides
Cell pinches in two
(cleavage furrow in
animals)
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
11. Cytokinesis usually
begins during telophase,
divides the cytoplasm
is different in plant and animal cells.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
12. In animal cells, cytokinesis
is known as cleavage
begins with the appearance of a cleavage furrow,
an indentation at the equator of the cell.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
13. In plant cells, cytokinesis begins when vesicles
containing cell wall material collect at the middle of
the cell and then fuse, forming a membranous disk
called the cell plate.
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
