Cell division
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Cell Division Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that results in two identical daughter nuclei. It occurs in four stages and is important for growth, development, and tissue repair. Chromosomes condense during mitosis through supercoiling. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells in animals and plants. The cell cycle includes interphase, which has three parts: G1 for growth, S for DNA replication, and G2 for more growth before division. Cyclins control the cell cycle by binding to CDKs to signal phase progression, and degrade to end a phase. Cancer occurs due to uncontrolled cell division caused by DNA damage from mutagens like radiation, chemicals, and viruses. Smoking tobacco exposes
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Cell divison
Cell division occurs through mitosis and binary fission. Mitosis involves nuclear division followed by cytokinesis to produce two identical daughter cells. Binary fission involves bacterial cell replication and division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by internal and external factors to ensure proper cell growth and division. Disruptions can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.
Mitosis and meiosis
The document discusses the cell cycle and cell division. It describes the stages of mitosis including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. Chromosomes, kinetochores, spindle fibers and checkpoints are involved in regulating the accurate division of genetic material. Meiosis is also covered, which involves two cell divisions and a reduction in chromosome number important for sexual reproduction and genetic variation. Abnormal cell division can lead to cancer if cells escape normal cell cycle controls.
Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis
An introduction to Mitosis and Meiosis, including cell growth, division and replication. For use at the High School level.
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Mitosis allows for the growth, repair, and asexual reproduction of organisms by producing genetically identical daughter cells. It involves several stages: interphase for cell growth and DNA replication, followed by prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase where the chromosomes align and separate. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm. Telomeres prevent loss of genes during DNA replication. Controlled mitosis is crucial for development but uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer if mutations disrupt cell cycle regulation and cause non-stop cell division forming tumors. Mitosis is applied in cloning through tissue culture techniques.
The Cell Cycle (Mitosis & Meiosis)
A brief yet informative presentation of cell cycle (Mitosis & Meiosis) with nice pictures and gif. Sure students will love it.
Mitosis meiosis
these slides contains different stages of mitosis and meiosis,what is Mitosis meiosis,i tried our level best to make it. hope you will learn it
Cell division
This document provides an overview of the different types of cell division: amitosis, mitosis, and meiosis. It describes the key characteristics of each type of cell division. Amitosis is the most primitive type and does not involve visible chromosomes. Mitosis, which occurs in somatic cells, involves nuclear division (karyokinesis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) through specific phases. Meiosis is a specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number and produces haploid gametes through two divisions. The document references several textbooks on genetics and cell biology.
12 cellcycle text
The document discusses cell replication through cell division. It explains that eukaryotic cell division consists of mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis involves five phases - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. During cell division, the genetic material (DNA) is replicated and the chromosomes condense and separate. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell. The document also discusses the cell cycle and its regulation by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Cancer cells lose cell cycle control and do not respond to regulatory signals.
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Cell divison
Cell division occurs through mitosis and binary fission. Mitosis involves nuclear division followed by cytokinesis to produce two identical daughter cells. Binary fission involves bacterial cell replication and division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by internal and external factors to ensure proper cell growth and division. Disruptions can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.
Mitosis and meiosis
The document discusses the cell cycle and cell division. It describes the stages of mitosis including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. Chromosomes, kinetochores, spindle fibers and checkpoints are involved in regulating the accurate division of genetic material. Meiosis is also covered, which involves two cell divisions and a reduction in chromosome number important for sexual reproduction and genetic variation. Abnormal cell division can lead to cancer if cells escape normal cell cycle controls.
Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis
An introduction to Mitosis and Meiosis, including cell growth, division and replication. For use at the High School level.
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Mitosis allows for the growth, repair, and asexual reproduction of organisms by producing genetically identical daughter cells. It involves several stages: interphase for cell growth and DNA replication, followed by prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase where the chromosomes align and separate. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm. Telomeres prevent loss of genes during DNA replication. Controlled mitosis is crucial for development but uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer if mutations disrupt cell cycle regulation and cause non-stop cell division forming tumors. Mitosis is applied in cloning through tissue culture techniques.
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A brief yet informative presentation of cell cycle (Mitosis & Meiosis) with nice pictures and gif. Sure students will love it.
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these slides contains different stages of mitosis and meiosis,what is Mitosis meiosis,i tried our level best to make it. hope you will learn it
Cell division
This document provides an overview of the different types of cell division: amitosis, mitosis, and meiosis. It describes the key characteristics of each type of cell division. Amitosis is the most primitive type and does not involve visible chromosomes. Mitosis, which occurs in somatic cells, involves nuclear division (karyokinesis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) through specific phases. Meiosis is a specialized cell division that reduces the chromosome number and produces haploid gametes through two divisions. The document references several textbooks on genetics and cell biology.
12 cellcycle text
The document discusses cell replication through cell division. It explains that eukaryotic cell division consists of mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis involves five phases - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. During cell division, the genetic material (DNA) is replicated and the chromosomes condense and separate. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell. The document also discusses the cell cycle and its regulation by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Cancer cells lose cell cycle control and do not respond to regulatory signals.
Cell Division
The document discusses cell division and the cell cycle. It describes the key stages of the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. Mitosis is then described in the five stages of prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase where the cell divides its DNA and other cellular components. Cytokinesis then separates the cell into two identical daughter cells through division of the cytoplasm. Control mechanisms of the cell cycle and abnormalities like cancer are also summarized.
MITOSIS
Cell division occurs through a process called mitosis, which produces two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis is divided into five stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows and duplicates its DNA in preparation for division. In prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers form. In metaphase, chromosomes line up in the cell's equator. In anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite poles. Telophase involves the formation of two daughter cell nuclei. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, completing cell division. Mitosis is essential for growth, healing, and replacing dead or damaged cells.
Unit 3 meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells in two stages. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over, then separate. This reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid cells. Meiosis II then divides the contents of these haploid cells without further combining of homologs, resulting in four haploid gametes. Two gametes combine at fertilization to form a diploid zygote and complete the life cycle.
The Cell Cycle and Division
The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. Interphase includes three stages (G1, S, G2) where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. The mitotic phase includes mitosis, where the cell nucleus and chromosomes divide, and cytokinesis, where the cell cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells each with the same genetic material as the original cell. Cell division through the cell cycle enables growth, development, replacement of old/damaged cells, and repair of injuries in multicellular organisms.
The cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis unit 1
Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell during growth and repair. Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, one round of chromosome duplication and two rounds of cell division result in four haploid cells each with a unique combination of chromosomes from the original parent cell. This genetic variation among gametes allows for genetic diversity in offspring that is important for species evolution and survival.
Cell cycle & Cell division
Cell division occurs through the cell cycle and two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. The cell cycle is regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and cell division. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is used for growth and repair. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions and a reduction in chromosome number. This maintains chromosome number between generations. Meiosis results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
Cell Division And Reproduction
Cell division is the process where a cell divides into two daughter cells. There are two main types of cell division: binary fission in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes. Mitosis involves copying the cell's DNA during interphase, condensing and aligning chromosomes during prophase and metaphase, separating sister chromatids during anaphase, and dividing the cell into two daughter cells during telophase and cytokinesis. The goal of cell division is to replace old or damaged cells and allow for growth.
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The study of the cell cycle focuses on mechanisms that regulate the timing and frequency of DNA duplication and cell division. As a biological concept, the cell cycle is defined as the period between successive divisions of a cell. During this period, the contents of the cell must be accurately replicated.
The cell cycle is regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.
How long is one cell cycle?
Depends. Eg. Skin cells every 24 hours. Some bacteria every 2 hours. Some cells every 3 months. Cancer cells very short. Nerve cells never.
Programmed cell death:
Each cell type will only do so many cell cycles then die. (Apoptosis)
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Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during body cell division, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and produces gametes like eggs and sperm. The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis involves two rounds of division and the stages are prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. Cancer is abnormal uncontrolled cell growth that can spread through metastasis and is caused by mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes.
Chapter 4-cell division, mitosis, DNA, protein production
The document summarizes key concepts about cell division and DNA from biology. It discusses that cell division through mitosis and meiosis allows for growth, tissue repair, and sexual reproduction. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during interphase and the four stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions and results in four haploid cells. DNA is organized in a double helix structure and is replicated before cell division to provide genetic information to new cells. Genes encode instructions for making proteins.
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The document discusses meiosis, the process by which sex cells are produced. It explains that meiosis involves two cell divisions that result in four haploid sex cells, such as eggs and sperm, each with half the number of chromosomes as body cells. This ensures that when an egg and sperm unite, the offspring receives a full set of chromosomes. The stages of meiosis I and meiosis II are described in detail, and meiosis is contrasted with the process of mitosis. The document also notes that errors during meiosis can result in genetic disorders like Down syndrome.
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. It has two rounds of division, meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and may exchange genetic material through crossing over. This results in two haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes. Meiosis II separates the chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells each with one chromosome of each type. Meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction and introduces genetic variation through recombination, which contributes to evolution.
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cell division & physiology of cell division, types, binary fission, meiosis, mitosis, regulation of cell cycle, cell cycle checkpoints, what is cyclin-dependent kinases and its importance
Cell cycle & cell division
The document summarizes the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells. It explains that DNA must be replicated before cell division so that each new cell contains a complete copy of the DNA. The cell then undergoes mitosis, where the nucleus and its chromosomes are divided into two identical copies to form two new daughter cells each with the same genetic material as the original parent cell. Key stages of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase are described.
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The document discusses cell reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It provides details on:
1) The stages of the cell cycle including interphase and the phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase).
2) The key differences between mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells, and meiosis, which produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
3) The stages and outcomes of meiosis I and meiosis II, which reduce the chromosome number and lead to genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over.
Biology form 4 chapter 5 cell dvision part 2 (meiosis)
Meiosis is a process of nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid. It occurs in two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, producing four haploid daughter cells. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, reducing the number by half. Meiosis II then separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis, resulting in four haploid cells each with half the original chromosome number. This ensures genetic variation and maintains the diploid number after fertilization.
cell Type And cell Division
Cell division through mitosis and meiosis is important for reproduction, growth, and tissue repair. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during interphase and M-phase, while meiosis produces four haploid gametes through two cell divisions and a single round of DNA replication. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half to maintain genetic diversity between generations through independent assortment and crossing over.
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Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis and leads to growth, repair, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Mitosis involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and results in two identical daughter cells. Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer due to genetic mutations. Cloning uses cell division to produce genetically identical copies of organisms and has applications in microbes, plants and animals.
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This document provides an overview of cell reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It discusses the importance of cell reproduction for growth, maintenance and repair. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are outlined, including that mitosis produces two identical daughter cells while meiosis produces four non-identical daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes. The stages of the cell cycle and phases of mitosis and meiosis are defined in detail including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Gametogenesis is also summarized as the formation of sperm and egg cells through spermatogenesis and oogenesis respectively.
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Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Anti-cancer drugs work to inhibit abnormal cell growth or kill cancer cells. The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase, and interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. During mitosis, DNA and cytoplasm are divided. Many plant-derived compounds are used as anti-cancer agents, including vinca alkaloids, podophyllotoxins, taxanes, and camptothecins, which act on microtubules, topoisomerases, or other targets to stop cancer cell proliferation.
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The document discusses cell division and the cell cycle. It describes the key stages of the cell cycle including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. Mitosis is then described in the five stages of prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase where the cell divides its DNA and other cellular components. Cytokinesis then separates the cell into two identical daughter cells through division of the cytoplasm. Control mechanisms of the cell cycle and abnormalities like cancer are also summarized.
MITOSIS
Cell division occurs through a process called mitosis, which produces two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis is divided into five stages - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows and duplicates its DNA in preparation for division. In prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers form. In metaphase, chromosomes line up in the cell's equator. In anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and moved to opposite poles. Telophase involves the formation of two daughter cell nuclei. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, completing cell division. Mitosis is essential for growth, healing, and replacing dead or damaged cells.
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells in two stages. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over, then separate. This reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid cells. Meiosis II then divides the contents of these haploid cells without further combining of homologs, resulting in four haploid gametes. Two gametes combine at fertilization to form a diploid zygote and complete the life cycle.
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The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic phase. Interphase includes three stages (G1, S, G2) where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. The mitotic phase includes mitosis, where the cell nucleus and chromosomes divide, and cytokinesis, where the cell cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells each with the same genetic material as the original cell. Cell division through the cell cycle enables growth, development, replacement of old/damaged cells, and repair of injuries in multicellular organisms.
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Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell during growth and repair. Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes for sexual reproduction. During meiosis, one round of chromosome duplication and two rounds of cell division result in four haploid cells each with a unique combination of chromosomes from the original parent cell. This genetic variation among gametes allows for genetic diversity in offspring that is important for species evolution and survival.
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Cell division occurs through the cell cycle and two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. The cell cycle is regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and cell division. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is used for growth and repair. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions and a reduction in chromosome number. This maintains chromosome number between generations. Meiosis results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
Cell Division And Reproduction
Cell division is the process where a cell divides into two daughter cells. There are two main types of cell division: binary fission in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes. Mitosis involves copying the cell's DNA during interphase, condensing and aligning chromosomes during prophase and metaphase, separating sister chromatids during anaphase, and dividing the cell into two daughter cells during telophase and cytokinesis. The goal of cell division is to replace old or damaged cells and allow for growth.
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The study of the cell cycle focuses on mechanisms that regulate the timing and frequency of DNA duplication and cell division. As a biological concept, the cell cycle is defined as the period between successive divisions of a cell. During this period, the contents of the cell must be accurately replicated.
The cell cycle is regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.
How long is one cell cycle?
Depends. Eg. Skin cells every 24 hours. Some bacteria every 2 hours. Some cells every 3 months. Cancer cells very short. Nerve cells never.
Programmed cell death:
Each cell type will only do so many cell cycles then die. (Apoptosis)
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Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during body cell division, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and produces gametes like eggs and sperm. The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis involves two rounds of division and the stages are prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II. Cancer is abnormal uncontrolled cell growth that can spread through metastasis and is caused by mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes.
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The document discusses meiosis, the process by which sex cells are produced. It explains that meiosis involves two cell divisions that result in four haploid sex cells, such as eggs and sperm, each with half the number of chromosomes as body cells. This ensures that when an egg and sperm unite, the offspring receives a full set of chromosomes. The stages of meiosis I and meiosis II are described in detail, and meiosis is contrasted with the process of mitosis. The document also notes that errors during meiosis can result in genetic disorders like Down syndrome.
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. It has two rounds of division, meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and may exchange genetic material through crossing over. This results in two haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes. Meiosis II separates the chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells each with one chromosome of each type. Meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction and introduces genetic variation through recombination, which contributes to evolution.
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The document summarizes the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells. It explains that DNA must be replicated before cell division so that each new cell contains a complete copy of the DNA. The cell then undergoes mitosis, where the nucleus and its chromosomes are divided into two identical copies to form two new daughter cells each with the same genetic material as the original parent cell. Key stages of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase are described.
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The document discusses cell reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It provides details on:
1) The stages of the cell cycle including interphase and the phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase).
2) The key differences between mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells, and meiosis, which produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
3) The stages and outcomes of meiosis I and meiosis II, which reduce the chromosome number and lead to genetic diversity through independent assortment and crossing over.
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Meiosis is a process of nuclear division that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid. It occurs in two divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, producing four haploid daughter cells. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, reducing the number by half. Meiosis II then separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis, resulting in four haploid cells each with half the original chromosome number. This ensures genetic variation and maintains the diploid number after fertilization.
cell Type And cell Division
Cell division through mitosis and meiosis is important for reproduction, growth, and tissue repair. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during interphase and M-phase, while meiosis produces four haploid gametes through two cell divisions and a single round of DNA replication. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half to maintain genetic diversity between generations through independent assortment and crossing over.
Cell division presentation
Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis and leads to growth, repair, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Mitosis involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and results in two identical daughter cells. Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer due to genetic mutations. Cloning uses cell division to produce genetically identical copies of organisms and has applications in microbes, plants and animals.
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This document provides an overview of cell reproduction through mitosis and meiosis. It discusses the importance of cell reproduction for growth, maintenance and repair. The key differences between mitosis and meiosis are outlined, including that mitosis produces two identical daughter cells while meiosis produces four non-identical daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes. The stages of the cell cycle and phases of mitosis and meiosis are defined in detail including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Gametogenesis is also summarized as the formation of sperm and egg cells through spermatogenesis and oogenesis respectively.
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Mitosis allows for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. It is the process by which a cell divides its nucleus to form two daughter cells with identical genetic material. Mitosis consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, where the chromosomes condense and separate. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm to complete cell division. Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to tumor growth and cancer development.
5.1 Mitosis
Mitosis allows for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. It involves nuclear division followed by cytoplasmic division. The cell cycle consists of interphase, where the cell grows and prepares to divide, and mitosis, where the nucleus and cytoplasm divide. Mitosis ensures each new cell has an identical set of chromosomes through carefully regulated phases including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to tumor growth and cancer.
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Mitosis is the process of cell division where the nucleus of a cell divides into two daughter nuclei, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original parent nucleus. It occurs in multiple stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Mitosis is essential for the growth of cells and tissues and replaces worn-out cells.
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3. For malignant transformation, tumors acquire self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to growth inhibitors, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replication, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis
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This document provides an overview of life science grade 10 content including cells, cell division and cancer. It discusses the key differences between animal and plant cells, the stages of the cell cycle including interphase and mitosis, and the process of cell division. Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell growth and its causes include carcinogens. Common cancer types are described and treatment methods mentioned include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and traditional medicines.
Lifesciencegrade10print1 180320132015-180824120430
This document provides an overview of life science concepts related to cells and cell division. It discusses the key differences between animal and plant cells, the stages of the cell cycle including interphase and mitosis, the phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), and cytokinesis. It also examines cell division, the role of mitosis in growth and reproduction, and causes and treatments of cancer. An assignment is provided asking students to define terms, draw diagrams, and explain concepts related to mitosis and cancer.
Life science grade 10
This document provides an overview of life science concepts related to cells and cell division. It discusses the key differences between animal and plant cells, the stages of the cell cycle including interphase and mitosis, the phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), and cytokinesis. It also examines cell division, the role of mitosis in growth and reproduction, and causes and treatments of cancer. An assignment is provided asking students to define terms, draw diagrams, and explain concepts related to mitosis and cancer.
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Cell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis & Cytokinesis | The Lifesciences Magazine
Cell Division: Mitosis, Meiosis & Cytokinesis | The Lifesciences Magazine
Cell cycle,growth regulation ,molecular basis of cancer by dr.Tasnim
Cell cycle,growth regulation ,molecular basis of cancer by dr.Tasnim
Lifesciencegrade10print1 180320132015-180824120430
Lifesciencegrade10print1 180320132015-180824120430
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Cell division
- 1. Cell Division Presented by IB Screwed www.ibscrewed.org
- 2. Mitosis Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The process is important for development, tissue repair and growth Mitosis is a continuous process with no breaks in it, although we divide it into four stages.
- 3. Behaviour of the chromosomes Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis. Normally, during interphase, DNA is loosely arranged The chromosomes must condense so that they can be distinguished and separated They shorten and thicken through the process of supercoiling.
- 4. Cytokinesis Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal cells. It is the division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells.
- 5. Interphase Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The cell will be performing its ‘normal’ functions such as respiration, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and growth. There are three parts of interphase: G1 -During this time, a high amount of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows, more organelles are produced, and the mitochondriaandchloroplastsdivide. S -the cell replicates its DNA G2 -the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division.
- 6. Cyclins Cyclinsare involved in the control of the cell cycle. When cyclinsare synthesized, they act as an activating protein and bind to Cdksforming a cyclin-Cdkcomplex. This complex then acts as a signal to the cell to pass to the next cell cycle phase. Eventually, the cyclindegrades, deactivating the Cdk, thus signalling exit from a particular phase.
- 7. Cancer Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumours. Tumours, or cancers, are cell mass formed as a result of uncontrolled cell division. They can occur in any tissue. Cancer is caused by damage to DNA chromosomes The tumour will eventually take over and destroy healthy cells Common mutagens include: ionising radiation, chemicals and viruses
- 8. Tobacco and Cancer The tar in tobacco cigarette smoke is a chemical mutagen. Consequently, there is a correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers. Suppression of the results of research by tobacco companies into the health effects of smoking tobacco was unethical. Smoking causes considerable social harm, but, with the exception of laws on production and supply in Bhutan, has never been made illegal.