This document contains multiple choice, true/false, completion, matching, and short answer questions about routing protocols. It tests knowledge of RIPv1, RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF, including their features, metrics, authentication methods, and key concepts like DUAL. Correct answers are required to indicate understanding of classful versus classless routing, and interior gateway protocols versus link-state protocols.
SMART MULTICROSSBAR ROUTER DESIGN IN NOCVLSICS Design
This paper gives the innovative idea of designing a router using multicrossbar switch in Network on
Chip(NoC) . In Network-on-Chip architectures the input buffer can consume a large portion of the total
power. Eliminating all input buffer would result in increased power consumption at high load, while
reducing the size of input buffer degrades the performance. In this paper we have proposed a muticrossbar
router design using elastic buffer by combining the advantage of both buffered and buffer less network. In
the proposed design Power Delay Product is reduced by around 37 .91% as compared to baseline router
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
SMART MULTICROSSBAR ROUTER DESIGN IN NOCVLSICS Design
This paper gives the innovative idea of designing a router using multicrossbar switch in Network on
Chip(NoC) . In Network-on-Chip architectures the input buffer can consume a large portion of the total
power. Eliminating all input buffer would result in increased power consumption at high load, while
reducing the size of input buffer degrades the performance. In this paper we have proposed a muticrossbar
router design using elastic buffer by combining the advantage of both buffered and buffer less network. In
the proposed design Power Delay Product is reduced by around 37 .91% as compared to baseline router
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers. It is done to enable the computers to communicate and share available resources.
Components of computer network
Network benefits
Disadvantages of computer network
Classification by their geographical area
Network classification by their component role
Types of servers
1- which oh the following might be used by a company to satisfy its gr.docxpandoragardner78605
1. which oh the following might be used by a company to satisfy its growing communications needs?
a. concentrator
b. front end processor
c. multiplexer
d. controller
2. OSPF (open shortest path first) is a ... protocol used to find the ... path for packets as they pass through a set of connected ... ?
a. router - indication - permitted path
b. router - confirmed - networks
c. router - indication - networks
d. router - best - networks
e. request - best - networks
f. response - best - networks
g. polling - indication - networks
3. ... is used by network layer to ask the data link layer to do something?
a. response
b. indication
c. confirm
d. request
e. polling
f. permission
4. UDP has no connection between client & server?
a. no handshaking before sending data
b. rcvr extracts sender IP address and port
c. sender explicitly attaches IP destination address and port
5. Using NAT local netweok can just use one IP address as far as outside world is concerned. What are the other uses of having NAT?
- it can change addresses of devices in local network without notifying outside world and change ISP without changing addresses of devices in local network.
- its range of addresses is not needed from ISP, just one IP address for all devices.
- with NAT devices inside local net not explicity addressable, visible by outside worl (a security plus)
2. virtual circuit in the network layer consists of ... network layer
3. what is the broadcast address of the network 172.16.104.0.255.255.254.0 ... 172.16.105.255
6. network differs to the transport layer in their connection service?
a. network works between multiple hosts while transport works between two processes.
b. network works between two host (may also involve intervening routers in case of VCs) while transport works between two processes
c. network works between two switches (may not involve intervening routers in case of VCs) while transport works between two processes.
d. network works between two nodes (may not involve intervening routers in case of VCs) while transport works between two hosts.
7. The data link layer provides .... ?
a. the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the link layer.
b. the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the physical layer.
c. data transfers between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the local area network (LAN) segment
d. the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the application layer.
e. the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and the means to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the transport layer.
8. TCP & UDP requires ... but SS.
Real JN0-280 Dumps (V8.02) - Help You Crack JN0-280 Exam Quickly.pdfyarusun
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1) Use Link State algorithm to determine the shortest path from node.pdfalphawheels007
1) Use Link State algorithm to determine the shortest path from node D to all other nodes. Be
sure to show all intermediate steps using notation from class.
2) Use Distance Vector algorithm to update the given routing table of Node C where it gets
neighbors node F and G routing tables in the given order.
3) Distance Vector Routing protocol may cause oscillations. True False
4) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is considered secure since it uses TCP to exchange
information. True False
5) We can use link-state or distance-vector routing protocol for internet as a whole. True False
6) In Mobile IP, Packets must go back to Home network before reach to remote host if a mobile
user send a packet to a remote host. True False
7) Simple Round-robin is based toward larger packets. True False
8) In a switch fabric, you can route two input ports to the same output port at the same instant.
True False
9) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to obtain dynamic IP address. True
False
10) If a packet is fragmented a router, it must be reassembled back by the next router: True False
a. The weighted graph.
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SYMANTEC ENDPOINT PROTECTION Interfacing the SEPM with Protection CenterDsunte Wilson
Protection Center lets you manage Symantec Endpoint Protection together with other Symantec products in a single environment. Symantec Endpoint Protection is integrated with Protection Center by means of a series of Web services.
These Web services provide communication between the Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager server and the Protection Center server.
SYMANTEC ENDPOINT PROTECTION Performing Server and Database ManagementDsunte Wilson
You can centrally manage all types of servers from the Admin page in the Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager Console.
The Admin page, under View Servers, lists the following groupings:
■ Local Site
The console on the local site, databases, replication partners, such as other consoles whose databases replicate, and optional Enforcers
■ Remote Sites
The console on any remote site, databases, replication partners, such as other management servers whose databases replicate, and optional Enforcers
SYMANTEC ENDPOINT PROTECTION Configuring Replication and Failover and Load Ba...Dsunte Wilson
A site consists of one database, one or more management servers, and clients. By
default, you deploy Symantec Endpoint Protection with a single site. Organizations
with more than one datacenter or physical location generally use multiple sites.
SYMANTEC ENDPOINT PROTECTION Advanced Monitoring and ReportingDsunte Wilson
Symantec Endpoint Protection collects information about the security events in your network. You can use log and reports to view these events, and you can use notifications to stay informed about the events as they occur.
IBM BladeCenter Fundamentals Introduction Dsunte Wilson
After completing this unit, you should be able to:
List the major elements common to the IBM BladeCenter
Describe the key aspects of compatibility between BladeCenter models
Identify the components providing redundancy in the BladeCenter chassis
Match the power components necessary to support varying BladeCenter resource configurations
List the power input requirements for the BladeCenter models
Describe the common cooling components used in the BladeCenter chassis
Describe the supported disk configurations for the BladeCenter S
SYMANTEC ENDPOINT PROTECTION Administration IntroductionDsunte Wilson
Symantec Endpoint Protection is a client-server solution that protects laptops, desktops, Windows and Mac computers, and servers in your network against malware.
Symantec Endpoint Protection combines virus protection with advanced threat protection to proactively secure your computers against known and unknown threats.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
When stars align: studies in data quality, knowledge graphs, and machine lear...
CCNA Advanced Routing Protocols Questions
1. Chapter 8
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. Classful routing protocols can be used in networks with either discontiguous subnets or networks using
variable length subnet masks (VLSM).
____ 2. The message update format in RIPv1 does not have room for subnet mask information in the IP address field.
____ 3. In general, due to the complexity of modern networks and the use of VLSMs, which require subnet mask
information to be sent with update messages, most networks use classful routing protocols.
____ 4. EIGRP uses nonperiodic, partial, and bounded routing table updates.
____ 5. OSPF is ideally suited for large networks because it can use a concept known as areas to bound link-state
advertisements.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 6. In general, ____ routing protocols send periodic updates of the entire routing table to their directly connected
neighbors.
a. link-state c. exterior gateway
b. distance-vector d. interior gateway
____ 7. In general, ____ routing protocols flood nonperiodic link-state advertisements of only changed routes
throughout the entire internetwork.
a. link-state c. exterior gateway
b. distance-vector d. interior gateway
____ 8. ____ routing protocols cannot adapt to work in an environment where discontiguous networks or VLSM
exist.
a. RIPv1 c. Classful
b. Classless d. Class-oriented
____ 9. The four bytes set aside for the ____ field allow RIPv2 to send the full 32-bit subnet mask for each network
configured on the router’s interfaces.
a. Next Hop c. Address Family Identifier
b. IP Address d. Subnet Mask
____ 10. The ____ command switches RIP to version 2.
a. version 2 c. rip2
b. no auto-summary d. rip 2 on
____ 11. The ____ command overrides RIPv2’s default behavior of summarizing to major network boundaries.
a. no default c. auto-summary off
b. no default summary d. no auto-summary
____ 12. RIP authentication can occur either by passing the authentication keys in clear text or via ____ authentication.
a. SSH c. MD5
2. b. RC4 d. SHA
____ 13. Although it is often described as a hybrid protocol containing the features of both distance-vector and
link-state protocols, EIGRP is still a ____ routing protocol at its core.
a. link-state c. link-vector
b. distance-vector d. distance-state
____ 14. EIGRP uses the same metric as IGRP multiplied by ____.
a. 32 c. 128
b. 64 d. 256
____ 15. ____ allow EIGRP to support multiple Network layer routed protocols such as IP, IPX, and AppleTalk.
a. Neighbor discovery and maintenance c. Reliable Transport Protocol
b. Protocol Dependent Modules d. Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
____ 16. ____ allow EIGRP to discover neighbors and keep track of their status.
a. Reliable Transport Protocol c. Neighbor discovery and maintenance
b. Protocol Dependent Modules d. Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
____ 17. EIGRP uses multicast address ____ to multicast Hello packets every five seconds on most networks of T1
speed or greater.
a. 224.0.0.10 c. 255.255.0.10
b. 224.224.0.1 d. 255.255.255.10
____ 18. Because EIGRP is protocol-independent, it cannot use existing Transport layer protocols to carry its various
packet types. Instead, Cisco developed an entirely new layer 4 protocol, the ____, for use by EIGRP.
a. Protocol Dependent Modules (PDM) c. Neighbor discovery and maintenance
b. Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) d. Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)
____ 19. DUAL uses the ____ topology table to track the status of all links in a network.
a. EIGRP c. RIPv1
b. OSPF d. RIPv2
____ 20. The ____ table contains information about all the networks a router can reach.
a. RIP neighbors c. EIGRP topology
b. OSPF status d. RIPv1 topology
____ 21. In EIGRP, ____ is a good state, as it means all DUAL computations have been completed and the route is
stable.
a. active c. down
b. fixed d. passive
____ 22. ____ is an open standards, link-state routing protocol that supports classless routing, variable-length subnet
masks, and authentication.
a. OSPF c. RIPv1
b. EIGRP d. IGRP
____ 23. In OSPF, a(n) ____ is the portion of a network within which LSAs are contained.
a. domain c. container
b. segment d. area
____ 24. A(n) ____ in OSPF is a router’s interface.
a. link-state c. link
b. cost d. area
3. ____ 25. In OSPF, the ____ database contains information about all OSPF peers with which a router has successfully
exchanged Hello packets.
a. link-state c. cost
b. adjacencies d. topological
____ 26. OSPF uses a(n) ____ database, which holds the common view of the network formed from the link-state
advertisements that are received.
a. adjacencies c. link-state
b. designated routers d. topological
Completion
Complete each statement.
27. ____________________ routing protocols summarize networks to their major network boundaries (Class A,
B, or C) and do not carry subnet mask information in their routing table updates.
28. ____________________ routing protocols offer the ability to carry subnet mask information in the routing
table updates.
29. __________________________________________________ is a Cisco proprietary protocol designed to
overcome the limitations found in IGRP.
30. ___________________________________ allow EIGRP to carry multiple routed protocols within their own
native packet formats.
31. The ___________________________________ is the heart and soul of EIGRP, and is the reason that EIGRP
can quickly recover from a link outage and route around network problems.
Matching
Match each item with a statement below:
a. RIPv1 f. MTU
b. EIGRP g. Hello packets
c. MD5 h. Routing table updates
d. Hash i. Reliable multicast
e. Bandwidth
____ 32. the speed of the link
____ 33. a classful routing protocol
____ 34. allow EIGRP neighbors to determine if routing peers are still online and available
____ 35. allows RIPv2 to authenticate a routing peer without sending the secret key (a text string) across the link
between the two peers
____ 36. a classless routing protocol
____ 37. a number generated by MD5 from the secret key
____ 38. a feature of RTP that requests an acknowledgment via unicast to a multicast message
4. ____ 39. an example of an EIGRP packet type that uses reliable multicast via RTP
____ 40. the maximum datagram size allowed on a link
Short Answer
41. Describe the Routing Information Protocol version 2.
42. How does RIPv2 authenticate routing peers?
43. What are the steps required to configure RIPv2 authentication?
44. Describe the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP).
45. What are the six factors used by EIGRP to calculate a route metric?
46. What are the major components of EIGRP?
47. What are some of the key terms associated with the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)?
48. What are the steps for configuring EIGRP authentication?
49. Describe the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.
50. Briefly describe OSPF authentication.