The document discusses a link to purchase material for the CIS 513 Week 11 Final Exam from Strayer University. It provides sample multiple choice, true/false, completion, short answer, and matching questions that appear to be from chapters 5 through 8 and cover topics like wireless personal area networks (WPANs), Bluetooth, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15 standards, and high-rate WPAN technologies. The questions assess understanding of key concepts, specifications, protocols, and standards related to short-range wireless networking.
Vehicle Automation Using Controller Area NetworkIRJET Journal
This document discusses using the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for vehicle automation. It begins by describing traditional vehicle automation systems and some of their limitations. It then discusses different communication protocols used in vehicles like Zigbee, LIN, and Flexray and their properties. The majority of the document focuses on CAN protocol, providing an overview of its frame format, layers, error detection mechanisms, and how message communication works on the CAN bus. It proposes a system using an ARM7 microcontroller at two nodes connected by a CAN transceiver to enable automated control of vehicle lighting based on sensor data with high reliability.
The document contains sample exam questions for the CompTIA certification. It includes multiple choice questions covering a wide range of networking topics such as networking standards, protocols, devices, network topologies, OSI model layers and more. The questions are designed to test knowledge of fundamental networking concepts.
The document provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE), the leading 4G mobile broadband technology. It discusses the key drivers behind the evolution to 4G including increasing user demands for speed and bandwidth. It then summarizes the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 4G LTE. Key features of LTE that make it superior include peak download speeds of 300Mbps, low latency, support for flexible bandwidths and large cell sizes. The document outlines the LTE network architecture consisting of the radio access network with eNodeBs and the core network known as the Evolved Packet Core. It describes the functions of various core network nodes like the MME, HSS, S-GW and P-GW.
The document discusses LTE redirection attacks, including IMSI catcher attacks and denial of service (DoS) attacks. It explains how an attacker can use inexpensive software-defined radios and open source LTE software like OpenLTE to build a fake LTE network. This fake network can intercept phones' IMSI numbers, send malicious messages to phones, or force phones to disconnect from the network. The document also summarizes 3GPP's past discussions around these issues and potential countermeasures like making phones less vulnerable to redirection commands or strengthening security on legacy networks.
Comparative study of various voip applications in 802.11 a wireless network s...ijmnct
Today, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VOWLAN) is the most accepted Internet application.
There are a large number of literatures regarding the performance of various WLAN networks. Most of
them focus on simulations and modeling, but there are also some experiments with real networks. This
paper explains the comparison of performance of two different VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
applications over the same IEEE 802.11a wireless network. Radio link standard 802.11a have maximum
transmission rate of 54Mbps. First protocol is session initiation protocol (SIP) and second is H.323
protocol. First one has an agent called SIP proxy. Second have a gateway reflects the characteristics of a
Switched Circuit Network (SCN). With this comparison we have required to obtain a better understanding
of wireless network suitability for voice communication in IP network.
Sustainable Lightweight Wireless Communication StackIJERA Editor
The document proposes a lightweight wireless communication stack based on Zigbee that handles data transmission and reception with security and acknowledgment. It allows a coordinator to monitor the status of up to 15 routers by broadcasting beacon frames every second. Routers respond to the beacons to indicate their presence. The stack was implemented on wireless traffic control modules to reduce overhead compared to using a microcontroller for wireless communication. Future work will focus on further optimizing the custom lightweight wireless communication stack.
This document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) access technologies for connecting smart objects, including their range, frequency bands, topology, and power consumption considerations. It provides details on IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.15.4g/e, IEEE 1901.2a, IEEE 802.11ah, and LoRaWAN protocols, outlining their physical layers, MAC layers, topologies, and security features. The document is intended to educate about key technologies enabling connectivity of battery-powered IoT devices over both wireless and power line communication mediums.
4G is the fourth generation of mobile network technology providing broadband Internet access to devices like smartphones and laptops. It allows for applications like high-definition mobile TV and video calling. Two commercially deployed 4G standards are Mobile WiMAX and Long Term Evolution (LTE), although their early versions may not meet all technical 4G requirements. True 4G is expected to provide peak speeds over 1 gigabit per second for stationary users.
Vehicle Automation Using Controller Area NetworkIRJET Journal
This document discusses using the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol for vehicle automation. It begins by describing traditional vehicle automation systems and some of their limitations. It then discusses different communication protocols used in vehicles like Zigbee, LIN, and Flexray and their properties. The majority of the document focuses on CAN protocol, providing an overview of its frame format, layers, error detection mechanisms, and how message communication works on the CAN bus. It proposes a system using an ARM7 microcontroller at two nodes connected by a CAN transceiver to enable automated control of vehicle lighting based on sensor data with high reliability.
The document contains sample exam questions for the CompTIA certification. It includes multiple choice questions covering a wide range of networking topics such as networking standards, protocols, devices, network topologies, OSI model layers and more. The questions are designed to test knowledge of fundamental networking concepts.
The document provides an overview of Long Term Evolution (LTE), the leading 4G mobile broadband technology. It discusses the key drivers behind the evolution to 4G including increasing user demands for speed and bandwidth. It then summarizes the evolution of wireless technologies from 1G to 4G LTE. Key features of LTE that make it superior include peak download speeds of 300Mbps, low latency, support for flexible bandwidths and large cell sizes. The document outlines the LTE network architecture consisting of the radio access network with eNodeBs and the core network known as the Evolved Packet Core. It describes the functions of various core network nodes like the MME, HSS, S-GW and P-GW.
The document discusses LTE redirection attacks, including IMSI catcher attacks and denial of service (DoS) attacks. It explains how an attacker can use inexpensive software-defined radios and open source LTE software like OpenLTE to build a fake LTE network. This fake network can intercept phones' IMSI numbers, send malicious messages to phones, or force phones to disconnect from the network. The document also summarizes 3GPP's past discussions around these issues and potential countermeasures like making phones less vulnerable to redirection commands or strengthening security on legacy networks.
Comparative study of various voip applications in 802.11 a wireless network s...ijmnct
Today, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VOWLAN) is the most accepted Internet application.
There are a large number of literatures regarding the performance of various WLAN networks. Most of
them focus on simulations and modeling, but there are also some experiments with real networks. This
paper explains the comparison of performance of two different VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
applications over the same IEEE 802.11a wireless network. Radio link standard 802.11a have maximum
transmission rate of 54Mbps. First protocol is session initiation protocol (SIP) and second is H.323
protocol. First one has an agent called SIP proxy. Second have a gateway reflects the characteristics of a
Switched Circuit Network (SCN). With this comparison we have required to obtain a better understanding
of wireless network suitability for voice communication in IP network.
Sustainable Lightweight Wireless Communication StackIJERA Editor
The document proposes a lightweight wireless communication stack based on Zigbee that handles data transmission and reception with security and acknowledgment. It allows a coordinator to monitor the status of up to 15 routers by broadcasting beacon frames every second. Routers respond to the beacons to indicate their presence. The stack was implemented on wireless traffic control modules to reduce overhead compared to using a microcontroller for wireless communication. Future work will focus on further optimizing the custom lightweight wireless communication stack.
This document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) access technologies for connecting smart objects, including their range, frequency bands, topology, and power consumption considerations. It provides details on IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.15.4g/e, IEEE 1901.2a, IEEE 802.11ah, and LoRaWAN protocols, outlining their physical layers, MAC layers, topologies, and security features. The document is intended to educate about key technologies enabling connectivity of battery-powered IoT devices over both wireless and power line communication mediums.
4G is the fourth generation of mobile network technology providing broadband Internet access to devices like smartphones and laptops. It allows for applications like high-definition mobile TV and video calling. Two commercially deployed 4G standards are Mobile WiMAX and Long Term Evolution (LTE), although their early versions may not meet all technical 4G requirements. True 4G is expected to provide peak speeds over 1 gigabit per second for stationary users.
Route Optimization (RO) in Mobile Internet Protocol
Version Six (MIPv6) is a technique that enables a
Mobile Node (MN) and a Corresponding Node (CN)
to communicate directly by bypassing the Home Agent
(HA). RO is usually faced with the problem of Internet
Protocol (IP) multilayer tunnels due to pinball or suboptimal
routing. The generic consideration in
designing route optimization scheme is to use
minimum signaling information in the IPv6 packet
header. In order for optimization to take place in
MIPv6, a protocol called route optimization protocol
must be introduced. Route optimization protocol is
used basically to improve performance. Also RO can
also be described as a mechanism that eliminates the
inefficiency in tunneling of packets from MRs to their
HA before being sent to CNs over the Internet.
However, Network Mobility (NEMO) can be described
as a network whose point of attachment to the Internet
varies with time.
The tradeoff between the two protocols can provide a
significant impact on the networks. Furthermore, one
potential choice of selecting any of the protocols can
increase or decrease the degree of application in used.
The tradeoff in offloading solution can vary from
mobile access network and core mobile network.
Optimizing traffic breakout and support for mobility
are paramount to service operators. The study focused
on the development and evaluation of an experimental
test bed of route optimization in MIPv6 and
NEMO.The tradeoff between the two protocols was
examined. The results of the experimental test bed
shows the benefit of next generation of Internet
system, especially for real-time applications that
need to provide seamless connection with low handoff
latency.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
Performance Analysis of WiMAX and LTE Using NS-2IJERA Editor
The increasing use of wireless devices and in particular smart phones has resulted the need for greater capacity
and higher speed than the existing network technologies. Hence, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoper- ability for Microwave Access) became the two leading technologies. Services are
increasingly shifting from voice to data and from circuit-switched to packet-switched ones. Battle between LTE
and WiMAX technologies is already heating up with WiMAX being ahead due to availability of standards
through IEEE 802.16 and is up and running but lacks in substantial roll out plans due to cost. The targets for
LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink.
However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to
provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network
simulator and observation of TCP performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with
TCP is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that was originally intended to replace cables connecting portable electronic devices. It allows for the creation of personal area networks within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth devices can connect and communicate with each other through a wireless protocol that uses frequency hopping to avoid interference. Popular applications of Bluetooth include wireless headphones, wireless speakers, and connecting mobile devices to keyboards and mice.
Iaetsd ber performance of cdma, wcdma, ieee802.11g in awgnIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses and compares the bit error rate (BER) performance of CDMA, WCDMA, and IEEE 802.11g wireless standards in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. It proposes an integrated low power code synchronizer for these three standards using techniques like power management, absolute weighted magnitude calculation, and spurious power suppression in the adders. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques reduce power consumption in the correlator element array, especially for WCDMA in AWGN channels where power is reduced by half. Fading channels generally consume less power than AWGN channels.
Abstract—In recent times, there has been an exponential increase in the use of mobile wireless devices such as smartphones, tablets etc. This has in turn led to a matching increase in demand for mobile broadband data usage. Many technologies have been engaged in order to meet this enormous data need. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) are major technologies used in meeting this high data demand. However, LTE was designed to operate in the licensed spectrum as a schedule-based technology in which the Evolved Node B (eNodeB) allots time-slots to devices in its cell. The licensed spectrum is more expensive to maintain for service providers and with increase in mobile wireless devices that same licensed spectrum is more congested. Operation of LTE in Unlicensed spectrum has been proposed as a solution to this need. However, if LTE operates in the unlicensed spectrum in its native form, Wi-Fi and other legacy technologies operating in the unlicensed spectrum get deprived of channel access. In this paper, we proposed a modified Blank Subframe Allocation technique in combination with Listen before talk (LBT) Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before allocating the spectrum to its users to give channel access opportunity to Wi-Fi devices. Simulation was conducted for both instances i.e. when LTE operates with only Blank Subframe Allocation (BSA) coexistence and when CCA is applied to the LTE node. Performances of both models were evaluated using performance matrices such as delay time and throughput. The results showed that the proposed model achieved a smaller delay time than the existing model.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR WIMAX PHY LAYER UNDER DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONSijistjournal
This document summarizes the performance analysis of the physical (PHY) layer of WiMAX under different channel conditions. It provides details on the key components of WiMAX including the OFDM air interface, adaptive modulation and coding, and channel encoding. It also describes the simulation setup used to evaluate the PHY layer performance over varying wireless channel models.
The document discusses the fringe of the Internet, which includes low power lossy networks (LLNs) connected by radio links. It describes characteristics of LLNs like highly constrained devices, small frame sizes, and energy efficiency requirements. The routing protocol for LLNs needs to be adapted to these types of links. The document outlines different approaches for connecting LLNs to the Internet, including mesh under, route over, and overlay models. It introduces RPL as an IETF routing protocol designed for routing over radio in LLNs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses several topics related to computer networks:
1. It defines a network as a collection of nodes that communicate and share resources.
2. It lists the seven layers of the OSI reference model and defines bandwidth and latency.
3. It discusses several data encoding systems, framing approaches, protocols, and technologies including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, transceivers, and WI-Max.
This document discusses the IEEE 802.3ba standard for Ethernet speeds of 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps. It describes the objectives of the standard to support speeds faster than 10 Gbps. The standard defines physical layer specifications for 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps transfer rates, including defining new Ethernet physical layer devices, sublayers, and interfaces to support these higher speeds.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document provides an excerpt from a study guide for the CIS 562 Week 11 Final Exam from Strayer University. It includes multiple choice, true/false, and completion questions about computer forensics tools, file systems, analysis and validation. Some key topics covered include common computer forensics tools and their functions, the Macintosh and Linux boot processes and file systems, scope creep in investigations, and techniques for hiding and recovering hidden data.
This document contains a LEG 500 final exam from Strayer University covering chapters 1 through 9 of the textbook. It includes 20 multiple choice questions and 20 essay questions testing knowledge of business law, ethics, and privacy issues. Key topics assessed include duty to rescue laws, whistleblowing, corporate social responsibility, privacy in the digital workplace, and protecting genetic information. The exam provides a comprehensive review of legal and ethical issues faced by businesses.
The document is a quiz for a course on supply chain management. It contains multiple choice and true/false questions about various supply chain topics like hazardous waste management, inventory management, supplier relationships, and performance measurement. Some key points covered include the importance of coordinating transportation, reducing waste and obsolete inventory, assessing suppliers' financial capacity, and using metrics to evaluate purchasing performance and validate supply savings.
This document provides a quiz for an economics course on working capital management and international trade finance. It contains multiple choice and true/false questions covering topics like operating cycles, net working capital, cash management strategies for multinational enterprises, and financial instruments used in international trade like letters of credit. The quiz aims to test understanding of concepts related to managing current assets and liabilities in global business contexts.
This document contains a quiz for FIN 350 on finance company operations and mutual fund operations. It includes 44 multiple choice questions covering topics like sources of finance company funds, types of mutual funds (e.g. open-end, closed-end), money market fund assets, and regulations governing mutual funds. It also provides a link to purchase graded course materials to help answer the quiz questions.
This document provides information about Chapter 7 of the textbook Prentice Hall's Federal Taxation 2015 Comprehensive, 28e. It lists 53 multiple choice questions related to itemized deductions for medical expenses, taxes, interest expenses, and charitable contributions. The questions assess understanding of which expenses are deductible and how to calculate allowable deductions.
Cis 519 midterm and final exam – strayer newKatherineJack1
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to decision making and decision support systems. It discusses phases in the decision making process such as problem identification and modeling. It also covers types of decisions, factors that influence decision making quality, and decision styles. Decision support systems aim to facilitate decision making and improve its quality by overcoming human cognitive limitations and biases. Web-based systems have influenced how decision making is supported.
This document contains a quiz with 56 multiple choice questions about government spending, taxation, and the national debt. The questions cover topics such as the size of government expenditures, types of government payments, efficient levels of government spending and taxation, public goods, tax structures and rates, and the impacts of different types of taxes.
This document discusses various software development strategies and models, including traditional in-house development, software as a service (SaaS), and outsourcing. It provides examples of different pricing and fee structures for outsourced software, such as fixed fee, usage-based, and subscription models. The document also covers topics like cloud computing, Web-based development, application service providers (ASPs), and evaluation techniques for selecting software packages.
This document provides a quiz on job discrimination topics including affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment. It contains 25 multiple choice questions and 17 true/false questions covering key court cases, definitions, arguments for and against policies, and common workplace discrimination issues. The questions assess understanding of discrimination types, how the law addresses discrimination, and debates around relevant policies.
Cis 501 midterm and final exam – strayer newKatherineJack1
This document provides a chapter from a CIS 501 exam study guide covering decision support systems. It includes true/false questions, multiple choice questions, and essay questions about decision support systems and decision making. The questions cover topics like the components and characteristics of DSS, classifications of decisions and decision makers, the decision making process, and biases and perceptual blocks that influence decision making.
Route Optimization (RO) in Mobile Internet Protocol
Version Six (MIPv6) is a technique that enables a
Mobile Node (MN) and a Corresponding Node (CN)
to communicate directly by bypassing the Home Agent
(HA). RO is usually faced with the problem of Internet
Protocol (IP) multilayer tunnels due to pinball or suboptimal
routing. The generic consideration in
designing route optimization scheme is to use
minimum signaling information in the IPv6 packet
header. In order for optimization to take place in
MIPv6, a protocol called route optimization protocol
must be introduced. Route optimization protocol is
used basically to improve performance. Also RO can
also be described as a mechanism that eliminates the
inefficiency in tunneling of packets from MRs to their
HA before being sent to CNs over the Internet.
However, Network Mobility (NEMO) can be described
as a network whose point of attachment to the Internet
varies with time.
The tradeoff between the two protocols can provide a
significant impact on the networks. Furthermore, one
potential choice of selecting any of the protocols can
increase or decrease the degree of application in used.
The tradeoff in offloading solution can vary from
mobile access network and core mobile network.
Optimizing traffic breakout and support for mobility
are paramount to service operators. The study focused
on the development and evaluation of an experimental
test bed of route optimization in MIPv6 and
NEMO.The tradeoff between the two protocols was
examined. The results of the experimental test bed
shows the benefit of next generation of Internet
system, especially for real-time applications that
need to provide seamless connection with low handoff
latency.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
Performance Analysis of WiMAX and LTE Using NS-2IJERA Editor
The increasing use of wireless devices and in particular smart phones has resulted the need for greater capacity
and higher speed than the existing network technologies. Hence, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoper- ability for Microwave Access) became the two leading technologies. Services are
increasingly shifting from voice to data and from circuit-switched to packet-switched ones. Battle between LTE
and WiMAX technologies is already heating up with WiMAX being ahead due to availability of standards
through IEEE 802.16 and is up and running but lacks in substantial roll out plans due to cost. The targets for
LTE indicate bandwidth increases as high as 100 Mbps on the downlink, and up to 50 Mbps on the uplink.
However, this potential increase in bandwidth is just a small part of the overall improvement LTE aims to
provide. This study illustrates the model and representation of LTE links and traffics using NS-2 network
simulator and observation of TCP performance investigated. The Evaluation of the network performance with
TCP is mainly based on congestion window behavior, throughput, average delay and lost packet.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that was originally intended to replace cables connecting portable electronic devices. It allows for the creation of personal area networks within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth devices can connect and communicate with each other through a wireless protocol that uses frequency hopping to avoid interference. Popular applications of Bluetooth include wireless headphones, wireless speakers, and connecting mobile devices to keyboards and mice.
Iaetsd ber performance of cdma, wcdma, ieee802.11g in awgnIaetsd Iaetsd
This document discusses and compares the bit error rate (BER) performance of CDMA, WCDMA, and IEEE 802.11g wireless standards in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. It proposes an integrated low power code synchronizer for these three standards using techniques like power management, absolute weighted magnitude calculation, and spurious power suppression in the adders. Simulation results show that the proposed techniques reduce power consumption in the correlator element array, especially for WCDMA in AWGN channels where power is reduced by half. Fading channels generally consume less power than AWGN channels.
Abstract—In recent times, there has been an exponential increase in the use of mobile wireless devices such as smartphones, tablets etc. This has in turn led to a matching increase in demand for mobile broadband data usage. Many technologies have been engaged in order to meet this enormous data need. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) are major technologies used in meeting this high data demand. However, LTE was designed to operate in the licensed spectrum as a schedule-based technology in which the Evolved Node B (eNodeB) allots time-slots to devices in its cell. The licensed spectrum is more expensive to maintain for service providers and with increase in mobile wireless devices that same licensed spectrum is more congested. Operation of LTE in Unlicensed spectrum has been proposed as a solution to this need. However, if LTE operates in the unlicensed spectrum in its native form, Wi-Fi and other legacy technologies operating in the unlicensed spectrum get deprived of channel access. In this paper, we proposed a modified Blank Subframe Allocation technique in combination with Listen before talk (LBT) Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before allocating the spectrum to its users to give channel access opportunity to Wi-Fi devices. Simulation was conducted for both instances i.e. when LTE operates with only Blank Subframe Allocation (BSA) coexistence and when CCA is applied to the LTE node. Performances of both models were evaluated using performance matrices such as delay time and throughput. The results showed that the proposed model achieved a smaller delay time than the existing model.
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Email: ijcsiseditor@gmail.com
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
BER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR WIMAX PHY LAYER UNDER DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONSijistjournal
This document summarizes the performance analysis of the physical (PHY) layer of WiMAX under different channel conditions. It provides details on the key components of WiMAX including the OFDM air interface, adaptive modulation and coding, and channel encoding. It also describes the simulation setup used to evaluate the PHY layer performance over varying wireless channel models.
The document discusses the fringe of the Internet, which includes low power lossy networks (LLNs) connected by radio links. It describes characteristics of LLNs like highly constrained devices, small frame sizes, and energy efficiency requirements. The routing protocol for LLNs needs to be adapted to these types of links. The document outlines different approaches for connecting LLNs to the Internet, including mesh under, route over, and overlay models. It introduces RPL as an IETF routing protocol designed for routing over radio in LLNs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses several topics related to computer networks:
1. It defines a network as a collection of nodes that communicate and share resources.
2. It lists the seven layers of the OSI reference model and defines bandwidth and latency.
3. It discusses several data encoding systems, framing approaches, protocols, and technologies including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, transceivers, and WI-Max.
This document discusses the IEEE 802.3ba standard for Ethernet speeds of 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps. It describes the objectives of the standard to support speeds faster than 10 Gbps. The standard defines physical layer specifications for 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps transfer rates, including defining new Ethernet physical layer devices, sublayers, and interfaces to support these higher speeds.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document provides an excerpt from a study guide for the CIS 562 Week 11 Final Exam from Strayer University. It includes multiple choice, true/false, and completion questions about computer forensics tools, file systems, analysis and validation. Some key topics covered include common computer forensics tools and their functions, the Macintosh and Linux boot processes and file systems, scope creep in investigations, and techniques for hiding and recovering hidden data.
This document contains a LEG 500 final exam from Strayer University covering chapters 1 through 9 of the textbook. It includes 20 multiple choice questions and 20 essay questions testing knowledge of business law, ethics, and privacy issues. Key topics assessed include duty to rescue laws, whistleblowing, corporate social responsibility, privacy in the digital workplace, and protecting genetic information. The exam provides a comprehensive review of legal and ethical issues faced by businesses.
The document is a quiz for a course on supply chain management. It contains multiple choice and true/false questions about various supply chain topics like hazardous waste management, inventory management, supplier relationships, and performance measurement. Some key points covered include the importance of coordinating transportation, reducing waste and obsolete inventory, assessing suppliers' financial capacity, and using metrics to evaluate purchasing performance and validate supply savings.
This document provides a quiz for an economics course on working capital management and international trade finance. It contains multiple choice and true/false questions covering topics like operating cycles, net working capital, cash management strategies for multinational enterprises, and financial instruments used in international trade like letters of credit. The quiz aims to test understanding of concepts related to managing current assets and liabilities in global business contexts.
This document contains a quiz for FIN 350 on finance company operations and mutual fund operations. It includes 44 multiple choice questions covering topics like sources of finance company funds, types of mutual funds (e.g. open-end, closed-end), money market fund assets, and regulations governing mutual funds. It also provides a link to purchase graded course materials to help answer the quiz questions.
This document provides information about Chapter 7 of the textbook Prentice Hall's Federal Taxation 2015 Comprehensive, 28e. It lists 53 multiple choice questions related to itemized deductions for medical expenses, taxes, interest expenses, and charitable contributions. The questions assess understanding of which expenses are deductible and how to calculate allowable deductions.
Cis 519 midterm and final exam – strayer newKatherineJack1
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to decision making and decision support systems. It discusses phases in the decision making process such as problem identification and modeling. It also covers types of decisions, factors that influence decision making quality, and decision styles. Decision support systems aim to facilitate decision making and improve its quality by overcoming human cognitive limitations and biases. Web-based systems have influenced how decision making is supported.
This document contains a quiz with 56 multiple choice questions about government spending, taxation, and the national debt. The questions cover topics such as the size of government expenditures, types of government payments, efficient levels of government spending and taxation, public goods, tax structures and rates, and the impacts of different types of taxes.
This document discusses various software development strategies and models, including traditional in-house development, software as a service (SaaS), and outsourcing. It provides examples of different pricing and fee structures for outsourced software, such as fixed fee, usage-based, and subscription models. The document also covers topics like cloud computing, Web-based development, application service providers (ASPs), and evaluation techniques for selecting software packages.
This document provides a quiz on job discrimination topics including affirmative action, comparable worth, and sexual harassment. It contains 25 multiple choice questions and 17 true/false questions covering key court cases, definitions, arguments for and against policies, and common workplace discrimination issues. The questions assess understanding of discrimination types, how the law addresses discrimination, and debates around relevant policies.
Cis 501 midterm and final exam – strayer newKatherineJack1
This document provides a chapter from a CIS 501 exam study guide covering decision support systems. It includes true/false questions, multiple choice questions, and essay questions about decision support systems and decision making. The questions cover topics like the components and characteristics of DSS, classifications of decisions and decision makers, the decision making process, and biases and perceptual blocks that influence decision making.
This document provides a multiple choice quiz for an ACC 562 final exam. It includes 66 questions testing concepts related to auditing, accounting, internal controls, and financial reporting. Key topics covered include audit assertions, audit sampling, analytical procedures, accounting for inventory, goodwill impairment, and equity transactions. The document aims to help students prepare for and complete their ACC 562 final exam.
1. The document provides a 55 question multiple choice exam covering topics from chapters 6-8 and 9-12, 13-14, and 16 of a project management textbook. The exam questions cover topics such as work breakdown structures, project networks, critical paths, lags, and concurrent engineering.
2. Sample questions ask about key project management terms like activities, precedence relationships, lags, critical paths, forward and backward passes for calculating project schedules.
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This document provides information about an exam for an HRM course at Strayer University. It includes chapters 7 through 12 of the course material, which cover topics like power in organizations, organizational culture, motivation, and developing ethical corporate cultures. There are practice multiple choice questions provided for each chapter to help study for the final exam.
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Hsa 590 midterm and final exam – strayer newKatherineJack1
This document provides sample exam questions and answers for an HSA 590 midterm and final exam from Strayer University. It includes multiple choice and essay questions covering topics from 12 chapters on research methods. The questions test understanding of key concepts like the definition of research, types of research problems, research tools, measurement, and logic. The document encourages purchase of a study guide with answers to help prepare for the exam.
This document contains a quiz for an economics course covering macroeconomic policy in an open economy. The quiz includes 25 multiple choice questions and 20 true/false questions testing understanding of topics like internal balance, external balance, expenditure-changing policies, expenditure-switching policies, the effects of monetary and fiscal policy in open economies, and international policy coordination. It also provides context about the Plaza Accord of 1985 where countries agreed to intervene to depreciate the US dollar.
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This document provides a quiz for BUS 365 Week 11 that covers topics related to business process management and systems development. It includes 60 multiple choice questions and 15 true/false, short answer, and essay questions testing understanding of concepts like business processes, business process modeling, business process management, project management, systems development lifecycle, and global ecology and ethics as they relate to information systems.
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The document provides answers to questions from the CCNA 4 Chapter 6 exam, covering topics related to VPNs, broadband technologies like DSL and cable, and remote access solutions for teleworkers. Specific questions are answered regarding protocols used to establish VPN tunnels, functions of secure VPNs, encryption methods for VPN data confidentiality, and technologies like WiMAX that can provide remote access.
What transmission technique utilizes multi/tutorialoutlet Beaglesz
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What transmission technique utilizes multi-path reflections to bounce signals around objects to an intended receiver?
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This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about networking topics such as SDN controllers, Ethernet standards, wireless security protocols, wireless access point modes, routing protocols, and network health dashboards. It tests knowledge of concepts like southbound APIs, 1000BASE standards, WPA3 authentication improvements, CAPWAP protocol settings, and Cisco DNA Center health dashboards. The questions have a single correct answer that is identified as well.
This document contains a 20 question practice exam on computer networks. It covers topics such as internet connection types for small businesses, broadband technologies, PPP protocols, VPN connections, troubleshooting methods, ACLs, SNMP, QoS, and network security concepts. The exam consists of multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of networking fundamentals and common network devices, protocols, and services.
Other types of networks: Bluetooth, Zigbee, & NFCDilum Bandara
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This document provides an overview and table of contents for a book titled "CCNA Practice Questions (Exam 640-802) Third Edition" by Jeremy Cioara. The book contains practice questions and answers to help readers study and prepare for the CCNA certification exam. It is divided into two parts that cover the ICND1 and ICND2 exam objectives. Each part contains multiple chapters that review topics like networking fundamentals, routing, switching, WAN technologies and network security. The document lists the chapter titles and topics covered in each one to help readers understand the scope of the material in the book.
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This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It begins with acknowledgements to sources that informed the content. It then discusses wireless networks in general and how Bluetooth fits within infrastructure-based and ad hoc wireless networks. The rest of the document details Bluetooth-specific topics like the architecture, standards, protocols, connection process, profiles, and improvements across Bluetooth versions.
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ZigBee defines the application and security layer specifications enabling interoperability between products from different manufacturers.ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless M2M networks.It is very useful in this communication world.
Wireless zigbee communication technology 141215052616-conversion-gate01M srinivasu
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Similar to Cis 513 week 11 final exam – strayer new (20)
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Bus 335 staffing organizations week 11 quizKatherineJack1
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1. The document provides a sample final exam for an accounting course covering chapters 12-16 on intangible assets. The exam includes 70 multiple choice and true/false questions testing concepts related to accounting for intangible assets such as research and development costs, goodwill, patents, trademarks, and asset impairment.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field of science and engineering whose goal is to create intelligent machines.
We believe that AI will be a force multiplier on technological progress in our increasingly digital, data-driven world. This is because everything around us today, ranging from culture to consumer products, is a product of intelligence.
The State of AI Report is now in its sixth year. Consider this report as a compilation of the most interesting things we’ve seen with a goal of triggering an informed conversation about the state of AI and its implication for the future.
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Research: Technology breakthroughs and their capabilities.
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The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
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It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
End-to-end pipeline agility - Berlin Buzzwords 2024Lars Albertsson
We describe how we achieve high change agility in data engineering by eliminating the fear of breaking downstream data pipelines through end-to-end pipeline testing, and by using schema metaprogramming to safely eliminate boilerplate involved in changes that affect whole pipelines.
A quick poll on agility in changing pipelines from end to end indicated a huge span in capabilities. For the question "How long time does it take for all downstream pipelines to be adapted to an upstream change," the median response was 6 months, but some respondents could do it in less than a day. When quantitative data engineering differences between the best and worst are measured, the span is often 100x-1000x, sometimes even more.
A long time ago, we suffered at Spotify from fear of changing pipelines due to not knowing what the impact might be downstream. We made plans for a technical solution to test pipelines end-to-end to mitigate that fear, but the effort failed for cultural reasons. We eventually solved this challenge, but in a different context. In this presentation we will describe how we test full pipelines effectively by manipulating workflow orchestration, which enables us to make changes in pipelines without fear of breaking downstream.
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06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
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Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
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Chapters 5 Through 8
Chapter 5 - Wireless Personal Area Networks
TRUE/FALSE
1. WPAN technologies are designed to connect devices that are typically up to 10 meters
apart.
2. One of the advantages of WPAN technologies is their conservative use of battery
power.
3. The first step in the Bluetooth pairing process is the paging procedure.
4. A reduced-function device can only connect to one full-function device on the
network.
5. Bluetooth uses a challenge-response strategy for device authentication.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT a likely application for WPAN technologies?
a. home control
systems
c. industrial control
systems
b. video streaming d. security systems
2. Which of the following is true about WPAN standards?
a. IEEE developed
standards for
protocols above
layer 2
c. IEEE 802.15.1 is
the Bluetooth
standard
b. industry alliances
developed
specifications for
layers 1 and 2
d. 802.16n is the
ZigBee standard
2. 3. Which of the following is true about the OSI model and IEEE 802?
a. the PMD is part of
the Data Link layer
c. the LLC is part of
the Physical layer
b. the PLCP formats
data received from
the MAC
d. the MAC layer is
responsible for
establishing
connectivity to the
local network
4. Which radio frequency band does Bluetooth use?
a. 2.4 GHz ISM c. 2.0 GHz ISM
b. 5.0 GHz ISM d. 4.2 GHz ISM
5. Which of the following is true about the Bluetooth protocol stack?
a. the L2CAP sits
between Baseband
and RF
c. Link Manager
communicates
directly with the
Physical Radio
b. the Baseband layer
sits atop the RF
layer
d. The RF layer
communicates
between the Link
Manager and
L2CAP
6. What feature available in some Bluetooth devices increases data rates to 2.1 or 3
Mbps?
a. Link Manager c. L2CAP
b. radio module d. EDR
7. Which Bluetooth power class allows transmission ranges up to 330 feet?
a. Power Class 1 c. Power Class 3
b. Power Class 2 d. Power Class 4
8. Bluetooth 1.x uses a variation of which modulation technique?
a. PSK c. FSK
b. ASK d. GSK
3. 9. What feature of Bluetooth version 3.0 uses a separate radio module that transmits
using the same methods as IEEE 802.11?
a. BLE c. AMP
b. ULP d. NFC
10. Which transmission technique is used by Bluetooth devices?
a. Narrowband c. DHSS
b. FHSS d. UWB
11. Which feature of Bluetooth version 1.2 allows Bluetooth networks to coexist with
802.11 networks with a minimum of interference?
a. adaptive frequency
hopping
c. alternate
MAC/PHY
b. frequency hopping
spread spectrum
d. Bluetooth low
energy
12. What is created when a Bluetooth network has one master and at least one slave using
the same channel?
a. scatternet c. piconet
b. wi-fi net d. bluenet
13. How is the master device determined in a Bluetooth network?
a. the device with the
lowest address
number
c. the first device to
send out an inquiry
message to discover
other devices
b. the device with the
highest priority hop
sequence on the
piconet
d. the device that
carries out a paging
procedure and
establishes a
connection
14. Which of the following is NOT a field in a Bluetooth frame?
a. Access code c. Header
b. Frame check
sequence
d. Payload
4. 15. Which of the following is NOT a Bluetooth error correction scheme?
a. 1/3 rate FEC c. ARQ
b. 2/3 rate FEC d. CRC
16. In which Bluetooth power mode is only the slave device’s internal timer running?
a. active mode c. hold mode
b. sniff mode d. park mode
17. Which of the following is true about the ZigBee standard?
a. designed to support
mesh networking
c. used for larger data
transfers than
Bluetooth
b. replaced an existing
global, open
standard
d. operates in the 5.0
and 6.5 GHz ISM
bands
18. Which layer in a ZigBee device is responsible for detecting the presence of an RF
signal in the currently selected channel?
a. LLC c. MAC
b. PHY d. Upper
19. Which task is the MAC layer responsible for in an 802.15.4 device?
a. turning the radio
transceiver on and
off
c. association and
disassociation
b. analyzing link
quality
d. selecting a
frequency channel
for operation
20. Which type of ZigBee device controls the network in a star topology?
a. all end-node
devices
c. full-function device
b. reduced function
device
d. PAN coordinator
5. COMPLETION
1. In a ZigBee tree topology, if a child loses it connection with its FFD, it becomes a(n)
_____________.
2. ________________ is an 802.15.4-based technology that implements IPv6 on
WPANs and supports mesh networking.
3. A ______________ authority is a private company that verifies the authenticity of
each user in order to discourage fraud.
4. In Bluetooth Encryption Mode ______, all traffic is encrypted.
5. 802.15.4 provides for _______________ integrity, a technique that uses a message
integrity code.
MATCHING
a. 8-DPSK f. inquiry procedure
b. ACL link g. MIC
c. ARQ h. modulation index
d. binding i. sequential freshness
e. guaranteed time
slots
j. superframe
1. a reserved period for critical devices to transmit priority data
2. a simple method of phase shift keying that uses eight degrees of phase to encode
tribits
3. the process of establishing a relationship between endpoints in a ZigBee network
4. a security service available in 802.15.4 and used by the receiving device
5. a process that enables a device to discover which devices are in range
6. a packet-switched link that is used for data transmissions
7. the amount that the frequency varies
8. an error-correction scheme that continuously retransmits until an acknowledgment is
received or a timeout value is exceeded
6. 9. a mechanism for managing transmissions in a piconet
10. a code composed of a subset of the data, the length of the data, and the symmetric key
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the three types of addresses used in a Bluetooth piconet? Describe each.
2. Describe the two types of physical links between Bluetooth devices.
3. What are the two types of network access used in IEEE 802.15.3 networks? Describe
them.
4. List three of the seven tasks the 802.15.4 MAC layer is responsible for.
5. What are the four levels of addresses for identifying devices within a ZigBee PAN?
6. What is a cluster tree topology and how do they compare to mesh networks?
7. How is power management implemented in a ZigBee network?
8. Describe the WirelessHART technology.
9. List and describe the three levels of Bluetooth security.
10. What is the process that ZigBee WPANs use for authentication and encryption?
Describe how it works.
Chapter 6 - High-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks
TRUE/FALSE
1. IEEE 802.15 covers all the WPAN working groups.
2. The WHDI consortium developed the WHDI specification primarily for the delivery
7. of data produced from online database queries.
3. The piconet coordinator in a WirelessHD network should be a battery operated device
for mobility.
4. The DSPS power saving mode allows devices to sleep for long periods of time until
they choose to wake up and listen to a beacon.
5. UWB is capable of handling multiple data streams, including HD television.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which IEEE standard enables multimedia connectivity between mobile and fixed
consumer devices within the home?
a. 802.15.3c c. 802.15.1
b. 802.15.5 d. 802.15.4
2. In which frequency range does WHDI operate?
a. 2.4 GHz c. 5 GHz
b. 800 MHz d. 400 KHz
3. Which of the following is true about WiGig?
a. it is compatible
with 802.11ac
c. makes use of
technology
designed by
AMIMON
b. it requires layer 3
and 4 protocols for
audiovisual support
d. it has adopted the
802.15.3c standard
for multimedia
distribution
4. What does WiGig use to maintain reliable connections at very high frequencies?
a. single-carrier
modulation
c. OFDM
b. beamforming d. protocol adaptation
layers
8. 5. What technique does WirelessHD employ to support data rates over 25 Gbps?
a. LRP c. HDMI
b. spatial multiplexing d. beamforming
6. Which of the following is true about a WVAN piconet?
a. the piconet relies on
an access point
c. large non-mobile
devices like TVs
are not part of a
piconet
b. the PNC is typically
a mobile device
such as a tablet
computer
d. the PNC is the first
sink device in the
area
7. Which of the following is described as a piconet that has its own PNC but depends on
the original piconet’s PNC to allocate a private block of time when its devices are
allowed to transmit?
a. child piconet c. neighbor piconet
b. parent piconet d. subordinate piconet
8. Which of the following is NOT an HR WPAN feature provided by the 802.15.3 MAC
layer?
a. uses a one-octet
device ID
c. data transport
includes QoS
b. PNC can be queried
about other devices
d. infrastructure mode
networking is
supported
9. Which part of an 802.15.3 superframe is used for association and command
communication?
a. contention access
period
c. channel time
allocation period
b. beacon d. management
channel time
allocation
10. What type of transmission method does an 802.15.3 piconet use during the CTAP?
a. SDMA c. FDMA
b. TDMA d. CDMA
9. 11. Which field of the 802.15.3 MAC frame format is used to reassemble a file in the
correct sequence?
a. Frame control c. Fragmentation
control
b. Piconet ID d. Stream index
12. Which 802.15.3 power-saving methods allows devices to sleep for the duration of
several superframes and allows them to wake up in the middle of a superframe to
transmit or receive data?
a. PSPS c. PSPS
b. APS d. APCI
13. Which radio band does the 802.15.3c standard use?
a. 5.0 GHz c. 2.4 GHz
b. 60 GHz d. p00 MHz
14. How many channels and what is the width of each 802.15.3c channel?
a. 4, 2 GHz c. 11, 25 MHz
b. 6, 200 MHz d. 14, 50 MHz
15. Which of the following is NOT a 802.15.3c PHY layer enhancement?
a. passive scanning c. channel energy
detection
b. parity bit error
detection
d. transmit power
control
16. The RF modulation techniques used for 802.15.3c are variations of which of the
following?
a. QAM and PSK c. NRZ-L and NRZ-I
b. FSK and ASK d. BPSK and QPSK
17. In the WirelessHD specification 1.1, Which of the following is NOT a function of the
higher protocol layers?
a. video format c. device discovery
10. selection
b. clock
synchronization
d. video and audio
encoding and
decoding
18. What application has UWB been used for since the 1960’s?
a. video streaming c. cellular phone
towers
b. ground-penetrating
radar
d. automobile speed
detectors
19. What term is used for the technique in which the amplitude, polarity, or position of an
analog pulse represents either a 1 or a 0?
a. biphase modulation c. direct-sequence
UWB
b. mesh networking d. impulse modulation
20. What type of attack on a Bluetooth device can access contact lists without the user’s
knowledge?
a. bluejacking c. bluesnarfing
b. bluespoofing d. blueDoS
COMPLETION
1. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard enables ________________ connectivity between
mobile and fixed consumer devices within the home.
2. The WHDI specification is designed to mirror the screens of multiple devices to the
TV screen with the use of ____________.
3. _____________________ uses multiple radios and antennas to steer a signal in the
direction of the receiver.
4. ZigBee uses a(n) _______________ encryption key for network-wide
communications.
5. Security for IEEE 802.15.3 HR WPANs is based on ________________, a symmetric
11. key encryption mechanism.
MATCHING
a. biphase modulation f. isochronous
b. channel time
allocations
g. MCTA
c. contention access
period
h. PNC
d. D-WVAN i. spatial multiplexing
e. H-WVAN j. superframe
1. periods of time allocated by the PNC to a specific device for prioritizing
communications
2. the home or parent WVAN
3. time periods used for communication between the devices and the PNC
4. a mechanism used to communicate commands or any asynchronous data that may be
present in a superframe
5. a technique that uses multiple radios and multiple antennas to transmit and receive
different parts of the same PHY frame
6. a time-dependent transmission that must occur every frame or every so many
frames to maintain the quality of the connection
7. a mechanism for managing transmissions in a piconet
8. a device that provides all the basic communications timing in an 802.15.3 piconet
9. uses a half-cycle positive analog pulse to represent a 1 and a half-cycle negative
analog pulse to represent a 0
10. a secondary wireless video area network that operates in a different frequency channel
SHORT ANSWER
1. Provide a summary of the purpose and application for IEEE 802.15.3c.
2. List four potential HR WPAN applications.
12. 3. What was the primary purpose the WHDI consortium developed the WHDI
specification?
4. What do the PALs do for WiGig?
5. What are the three sections the WirelessHD specification divides the PHY layer into?
6. Describe child and neighbor piconets.
7. Describe the three parts of an 802.15.3 superframe.
8. What information is contained in the Frame control field of an 802.15.3 frame?
9. List and describe the two modes of security for IEEE 802.15.3 HR WPANs.
10. Briefly discuss the potential of spectrum conflict with WPANs.
Chapter 7 - Low-Speed Wireless Local Area Networks
TRUE/FALSE
1. A wireless residential gateway provide better security than connecting a computer
directly to the Internet.
2. The range of an AP base station is approximately 375 feet in an environment with no
obstructions and little interference.
3. When transmitting above 2 Mbps using DSSS in an 802.11b network, a Barker code
is used.
4. The PHY layer of the 802.11b standard provides functionality for a client to join a
WLAN and stay connected.
5. A SIFS occurs immediately after the transmission of frames and no device is allowed
to transmit during the SIFS.
13. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is NOT true about wireless NICs?
a. they change the
computer’s internal
data from serial to
parallel before
transmitting
c. they have an
antenna instead of a
cable port
b. you can connect an
external wireless
NIC to a USB port
d. notebook
computers often use
Mini PCI cards for
wireless NICs
2. Which component found in an access point is NOT found in a wireless NIC?
a. radio transmitter c. radio receiver
b. RJ-45 interface d. antenna
3. Aside from acting as the base station for the wireless network, what other function
does an AP perform?
a. it routes packets c. proxy server
b. acts as a bridge d. it performs as a
firewall
4. Where does an AP that it using PoE get its DC power from?
a. an AC outlet c. UTP cables
b. a built-in AC/DC
converter
d. high-frequency
radio waves
5. If three friends each have a laptop computer and they want to exchange files
wirelessly but nobody has an AP, what should they do?
a. use Ad hoc mode c. use the Basic
Service Set
b. use infrastructure
mode
d. use the Extended
Service Set
6. What is the term used for when a client finds a different AP that can provide a better-
quality signal and then associates with the new AP?
a. reassociation c. transfer
14. b. reconnect d. handoff
7. Which of the following is NOT a field in the 802.11b PLCP frame?
a. Start frame
delimiter
c. Signal data rate
b. Source address d. Length
8. Which field of the PLCP frame indicates how long in microseconds the data portion
of the frame is?
a. Start frame
delimiter
c. Service
b. Signal data rate d. Length
9. What is the primary job of the PMD sublayer?
a. translate binary 1s
and 0s into radio
signals
c. reformat the data
received from the
MAC layer
b. evaluate the Header
error check field
d. implement a
channel access
method
10. What is the maximum throughput a device can achieve operating on an 802.11b
network?
a. about 11 Mbps c. about 54 Mbps
b. about 5.5 Mbps d. about 27 Mbps
11. What is the period of time devices must wait after the medium is clear before
attempting to transmit?
a. collision timeframe c. backoff interval
b. signal data rate d. synchronization
period
12. What is the RTS/CTS protocol designed to reduce or prevent?
a. negative
acknowledgements
c. collisions
b. CRC errors d. handshakes
15. 13. With which channel access method does the AP ask each computer if it wants to
transmit?
a. point coordinated
function
c. CSMA/CD
b. CSMA/CA d. virtual carrier
sensing
14. In active scanning, what does the client do initially to start the association process?
a. poll the access
point
c. send a beacon with
the requested SSID
b. send a probe frame d. transmit an
associate request
frame
15. What is the last frame sent to successfully conclude a client’s attempt to associate
using active scanning?
a. scan reply c. probe response
b. synchronize
acknowledgement
d. associate response
16. Which of the following is true about client’s associating with an AP?
a. an AP can reject the
request based on
the client MAC
address
c. a client can
reassociate with
another AP in a
BSS
b. a client can be
associated to
multiple APs
simultaneously for
fault tolerance
d. if a client is not
preconfigured for a
specific AP, it will
not attempt to
associate
17. Which of the following is NOT true about WLAN power management?
a. power management
is transparent to
applications
c. the AP uses
timestamps to
maintain
synchronization
b. 802.11b devices use
power management
in ad hoc mode
d. the AP keeps a
record of which
client’s are sleeping
16. 18. What is the list of devices called that an AP sends in a beacon that indicates which
clients have buffered frames waiting?
a. sleep mode
identifier
c. traffic indication
map
b. buffered frames
allocation
d. packet delivery list
19. Which of the following is a function performed by MAC management frames?
a. request-to-send c. reassociation
request
b. transmit data to the
client
d. acknowledgement
20. What is the time period during which all devices must wait between transmissions of
data frames?
a. Short Interframe
Space
c. Idle Requirement
Period
b. DCF Interframe
Space
d. Transmission
Control Period
COMPLETION
1. In the place of a port for a cable connection, a wireless NIC has a(n)
______________.
2. An AP acts as a(n) ____________ between the wired and wireless networks.
3. ____________________ mode consists of at least one wireless client connected to a
single AP.
4. Once the _____________ has formatted the frame, it passes the frame to the PMD
sublayer.
5. When a client is finishing transmitting, it begins listening for a(n) ________________
from the receiving device.
17. MATCHING
a. ACK f. control frames
b. active scanning g. DCF
c. associate request
frame
h. fragmentation
d. BSS i. management frames
e. channel access
methods
j. passive scanning
1. a WLAN mode that consists of at least one wireless client and one AP
2. a frame sent by a client to an AP that contains the client’s capabilities and supported
rates
3. MAC frames that assist in delivering the frames that contain data
4. the process of listening to each available channel for a set period of time
5. the division of data to be transmitted from one large frame into several smaller frames
6. a procedure used to reduce collisions by requiring the receiving station to send an
explicit packet back to the sending station
7. the default channel access method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs
8. MAC frames that are used, for example, to set up the initial communications between
a client and the AP
9. the process of sending frames to gather information
10. the different ways of sharing resources in a network environment
SHORT ANSWER
1. What are the four steps involved in wireless NIC transmission?
2. Describe the two basic functions of an AP.
3. What is infrastructure mode? Include a discussion of BSS and ESS in your answer.
4. What is a drawback of an ESS WLAN with respect to roaming users? What is a
remedy to this drawback?
18. 5. Describe the Physical layer of the 802.11b standard.
6. List the three parts of the PLCP frame.
7. How does CSMA/CA in DCF handle media contention?
8. How does RTS/CTS work?
9. Describe the six basic rules of communication in an 802.11 network.
10. Describe the six steps that occur if two devices have frames to transmit.
Chapter 8 - High-Speed WLANs and WLAN Security
TRUE/FALSE
1. The 802.11a standard maintains the same MAC layer functions as 802.11b WLANs.
2. Increasing data transmission speed through more complex modulation schemes makes
multipath distortion worse.
3. The 4-bit Rate field in an 802.11a PLCP frame specifies the speed at which the Data
field will be transmitted.
4. Wireless controllers incorporate most AP functions including the radio.
5. VPNs encrypt a connection for security and use very few processing resources.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following 802.11 standards uses U-NII bands and does not use ISM
bands?
a. 802.11b c. 802.11g
b. 802.11a d. 802.11n
19. 2. Which of the U-NII bands is approved for outdoor use?
a. U-NII-1 c. U-NII-2 Extended
b. U-NII-2 d. U-NII-3
3. What is the multiplexing technique used by 802.11a to help solve the multipath
distortion problem?
a. QPSK c. FEC
b. OFDM d. PBCC
4. How many bits per symbol can be transmitted using 16-QAM?
a. 16 c. 4
b. 2 d. 8
5. Which wireless data rate uses 64-level quadrature amplitude modulation, transmitting
over 48 subcarriers?
a. 11 Mbps c. 24 Mbps
b. 2 Mbps d. 54 Mbps
6. Which layer defines the characteristics of the wireless medium?
a. PLCP c. LLC
b. PMD d. MAC
7. Which field in an 802.11a PLCP frame are used to initialize part of the transmitter
and receiver circuits?
a. Tail c. Service
b. Pad d. Parity
8. What is the disadvantage of an 802.11a WLAN compared to an 802.11b WLAN?
a. shorter range c. more interference
sources
b. higher error rate d. lower bandwidth
9. How many non-overlapping channels are available in an 802.11g WLAN?
20. a. 23 c. 3
b. 11 d. 8
10. Why is the SIFS time in the 802.11g standard effectively extended to 16
microseconds?
a. for compatibility
with 802.11a
c. to allow 802.11n
devices on the
network
b. to account for quiet
time
d. to achieve data
rates higher than 11
Mbps
11. Which of the following is correct about antenna diversity?
a. it is the cornerstone
of the 802.11n
technology
c. it increases
bandwidth while
decreasing range
b. it is two radios and
one antenna
d. it is two antennas
with one radio
12. What do 802.11n devices employ to direct a transmission back to the device from
which a frame was received?
a. spatial multiplexing c. MIMO
b. beamforming d. antenna diversity
13. What is the maximum radio configuration for 802.11n devices?
a. 3 transmitters, 3
receivers
c. 4 transmitters, 4
receivers
b. 6 transmitters, 4
receivers
d. 4 transmitters, 3
receivers
14. How much bandwidth do 802.11n devices utilize when running at speeds up to 300
Mbps?
a. 20 MHz c. 40 MHz
b. 22 MHz d. 44 MHz
15. What is the purpose of a guard band?
a. help prevent c. helps prevent
21. adjacent channel
interference
outside EM
interference
b. help prevent co-
channel
interference
d. helps prevent
intersymbol
interference
16. What 802.11n mode of operation is referred to as greenfield?
a. transmitting in non-
HT mode with
802.11a/g devices
c. transmitting with
only HT devices
b. transmitting in
mixed HT/non-HT
devices
d. transmitting at a
faster speed than
receiving
17. Which HT operation mode is used when one or more non-HT devices are associated
with an HT AP and supports devices at 20 or 40 MHz?
a. Mode 0 c. Mode 2
b. Mode 1 d. Mode 3
18. Which IEEE standard supports QoS and enables prioritization of frames in DCF?
a. 802.11f c. 802.11d
b. 802.11e d. 802.11c
19. What 802.11 standard under development uses up to 160 MHz bandwidth and can
achieve data rates up to 7 Gbps?
a. 802.11bg c. 802.11cd
b. 802.11ac d. 802.11ga
20. What type of device can you deploy to allow client WLAN connectivity when the
main AP is out of range?
a. bridge c. monitor
b. controller d. router
COMPLETION
1. __________________ distortion occurs when the receiving device gets the same
signal from several different directions at different times.
22. 2. The _______________ interval prevents a new symbol from arriving at the receiver
before the last multipath signal reaches the receiver’s antenna.
3. AP _____________________ is a security problem that takes advantage of the fact
that clients authenticate with the AP but not vice versa.
4. The strength of encryption relies on keeping the __________ secret as well as its
length.
5. 802.1X uses the Extensible ________________ Protocol for relaying access requests
between a wireless device, the AP, and the RADIUS server.
MATCHING
a. co-channel
interference
f. reduced interframe
space
b. CTS-to-self g. spatial multiplexing
c. guard band h. symbol
d. intersymbol
interference
i. TKIP
e. pre-shared key j. wireless controller
1. a 128-bit key used by WPA
2. interference between two devices configured to use the same frequency channel
3. a change in the signal, also known as a baud
4. a 2-microsecond interframe space that can be used in 802.11n networks
5. the unused frequency space between two adjacent channels
6. a security protocol used in WPA that provides per packet key-mixing
7. a coordination method used by 802.11g devices that prevents 802.11 and 802.11b
devices that do not “understand” OFDM from attempting to initiate a transmission
8. a transmission technique that uses multiple radios and multiple antennas to send
different parts of the same message simultaneously
9. devices that make it much easier to manage large WLANs by implementing most of
the functions of an AP
23. 10. caused when the beginning of a symbol arrives at the receiver antenna while
multipath reflections from the previous symbol are still reaching the antenna
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is the U-NII frequency band and WLAN standard uses it?
2. Describe how 802.11a uses the U-NII-1, U-NII-2, and U-NII-2 extended bands.
3. What are the two mandatory and two optional transmission modes defined in the
802.11g PHY layer?
4. What are the three parts of an 802.11a PLCP frame? Describe them briefly.
5. Describe the approach that 802.11n (HT) takes to the implementation of the PHY
layer.
6. What is MIMO technology? Include beamforming and spatial multiplexing in your
answer.
7. What is the channel configuration of 802.11n and how does it help achieve higher
data rates?
8. What is the guard interval and what does it help prevent?
9. What are wireless controllers and why are they important in WLANs?
10. What is 802.11i and what aspect of WLANs does it deal with?