The two exams are conducted for the same purpose and differ in the subjects involved. CSIR and UGC are two different government departments and both conduct their own NET entrance exams.
Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroismarimilli haritha
This document provides an overview of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD). It defines these terms and discusses their fundamentals, including that ORD occurs at all wavelengths and measures differences in speed of left and right circularly polarized light, while CD only occurs at characteristic wavelengths and measures differences in absorption. It also describes the instrumentation used for ORD and CD measurements and some common applications, such as using CD to determine protein secondary structure.
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that ionizes samples and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to determine molecular masses. It requires charged gaseous molecules for analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry uses a laser to ionize analyte molecules embedded in a matrix, which are then accelerated through a flight tube based on their mass-to-charge ratios. MALDI-TOF is commonly used to analyze biomolecules like proteins and is applied in fields like proteomics, metabolomics, environmental analysis, and forensics.
MALDI-TOF is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry to analyze biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, DNA, and sugars. It works by mixing the sample with a matrix and using a laser to ionize the mixed analytes. Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas coined the term MALDI in 1985 after finding amino acid alanine could be easily ionized using tryptophan as a matrix. MALDI-TOF is commonly used for protein and peptide mass fingerprinting in proteomics and microbial identification in clinical and microbiological applications. It provides sensitive, high-throughput, and accurate analysis of biomolecules.
This document presents an overview of molecular modeling techniques. It discusses the history of molecular modeling and some common computational methods like molecular mechanics, quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics. It also describes different modeling approaches like template modeling techniques such as homology modeling and threading as well as template-free modeling methods including ab initio and knowledge-based modeling. The document concludes that molecular modeling can provide useful insights for research if used carefully while also noting current limitations, especially for modeling larger protein structures.
Biosensors are analytical devices that measure the concentration of an analyte using a biological material like an enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid. The biological material interacts with the analyte and produces a physical or chemical change detected by a transducer, which converts it into an electrical signal proportional to the analyte concentration. Biosensors can be classified based on their transducer, such as electrochemical, optical, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors. They have applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety testing, and more due to their sensitivity, specificity, and ability to provide rapid, real-time results.
This document provides an overview of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It discusses the history and components of STEM, including the field emission gun, electromagnetic lenses, apertures, specimen stage, vacuum system, and detectors. Specimen preparation techniques like ion milling and electrolytic thinning are described. STEM operates by rastering a focused electron probe across the sample, while different detectors collect transmitted and scattered electrons to form images. Bright field (BF) and annular dark field (ADF) modes are covered, with ADF providing greater atomic number contrast. Advantages of STEM over conventional TEM are also highlighted.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a soft ionization technique used to analyze biomolecules like proteins, peptides, and polymers. It works by mixing the sample with an organic matrix and applying it to a metal plate. A pulsed laser is used to desorb the sample-matrix mixture, ionizing the analyte via proton transfer. The ions are then analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which measures the time it takes ions to reach the detector based on their mass-to-charge ratio. MALDI-TOF MS has applications in fields like proteomics, microbiology, and pharmaceutical analysis by providing identification and quantification of proteins, metabolites, and microorganisms.
Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroismarimilli haritha
This document provides an overview of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD). It defines these terms and discusses their fundamentals, including that ORD occurs at all wavelengths and measures differences in speed of left and right circularly polarized light, while CD only occurs at characteristic wavelengths and measures differences in absorption. It also describes the instrumentation used for ORD and CD measurements and some common applications, such as using CD to determine protein secondary structure.
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that ionizes samples and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to determine molecular masses. It requires charged gaseous molecules for analysis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry uses a laser to ionize analyte molecules embedded in a matrix, which are then accelerated through a flight tube based on their mass-to-charge ratios. MALDI-TOF is commonly used to analyze biomolecules like proteins and is applied in fields like proteomics, metabolomics, environmental analysis, and forensics.
MALDI-TOF is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry to analyze biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, DNA, and sugars. It works by mixing the sample with a matrix and using a laser to ionize the mixed analytes. Franz Hillenkamp and Michael Karas coined the term MALDI in 1985 after finding amino acid alanine could be easily ionized using tryptophan as a matrix. MALDI-TOF is commonly used for protein and peptide mass fingerprinting in proteomics and microbial identification in clinical and microbiological applications. It provides sensitive, high-throughput, and accurate analysis of biomolecules.
This document presents an overview of molecular modeling techniques. It discusses the history of molecular modeling and some common computational methods like molecular mechanics, quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics. It also describes different modeling approaches like template modeling techniques such as homology modeling and threading as well as template-free modeling methods including ab initio and knowledge-based modeling. The document concludes that molecular modeling can provide useful insights for research if used carefully while also noting current limitations, especially for modeling larger protein structures.
Biosensors are analytical devices that measure the concentration of an analyte using a biological material like an enzyme, antibody, or nucleic acid. The biological material interacts with the analyte and produces a physical or chemical change detected by a transducer, which converts it into an electrical signal proportional to the analyte concentration. Biosensors can be classified based on their transducer, such as electrochemical, optical, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors. They have applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety testing, and more due to their sensitivity, specificity, and ability to provide rapid, real-time results.
This document provides an overview of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It discusses the history and components of STEM, including the field emission gun, electromagnetic lenses, apertures, specimen stage, vacuum system, and detectors. Specimen preparation techniques like ion milling and electrolytic thinning are described. STEM operates by rastering a focused electron probe across the sample, while different detectors collect transmitted and scattered electrons to form images. Bright field (BF) and annular dark field (ADF) modes are covered, with ADF providing greater atomic number contrast. Advantages of STEM over conventional TEM are also highlighted.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a soft ionization technique used to analyze biomolecules like proteins, peptides, and polymers. It works by mixing the sample with an organic matrix and applying it to a metal plate. A pulsed laser is used to desorb the sample-matrix mixture, ionizing the analyte via proton transfer. The ions are then analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which measures the time it takes ions to reach the detector based on their mass-to-charge ratio. MALDI-TOF MS has applications in fields like proteomics, microbiology, and pharmaceutical analysis by providing identification and quantification of proteins, metabolites, and microorganisms.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze proteins. It works by ionizing protein samples using a laser and then measuring the time it takes for the ions to travel through a flight tube, which allows calculating the mass-to-charge ratio. The sample is mixed with an absorbing matrix and dried on a target plate before being ionized by a laser pulse. Ions are accelerated through a flight tube and reach a detector, with lighter ions traveling faster and reaching it first. The time of flight is converted to a mass spectrum, allowing identification of proteins in the sample. MALDI-TOF provides sensitive, high-throughput protein analysis and is widely used in fields like proteomics, microbiology,
This document discusses enzyme electrode biosensors for analyzing carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactulose. It describes the basic principles of how these biosensors work using specific enzymes, mentions their historical development, and provides examples of how each type has been used to analyze foods. The key enzymes and reactions involved in sensing these different carbohydrates are explained.
Analytical instruments are used to analyze materials and establish their composition. They provide qualitative and quantitative information through various components like a chemical information source, transducer, signal conditioner and display. Absorption spectroscopy is one of the most common instrumental analysis methods and is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a substance. Key laws governing absorption spectroscopy include Lambert's law, Beer's law, and the Beer-Lambert law, which relate absorbance to characteristics of the absorbing substance and its concentration. Common types of absorption spectrophotometers are UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometers, which use light in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared ranges.
Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify molecules. It involves ionizing samples, separating the ions by their mass-to-charge ratio using electric or magnetic fields, and detecting the ions. Common applications include clinical analysis of metabolites and proteins. Key components include the ion source, which ionizes samples using techniques like electrospray ionization; the mass analyzer, such as quadrupoles, that separate ions; and the detector. Mass spectrometry provides qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of clinically relevant compounds.
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that produces spectra of molecules by ionizing samples and measuring their mass-to-charge ratios. There are various ionization techniques used in mass spectrometry including electron impact ionization, fast atom bombardment, electrospray ionization, chemical ionization, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. These techniques can be "hard" and cause extensive fragmentation or "soft" and produce little fragmentation. The choice of ionization technique depends on the type of compounds being analyzed.
This document provides an introduction to electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, also known as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). ESR detects paramagnetism by exciting unpaired electrons in atoms, ions, or free radicals to a higher energy state using microwaves under a magnetic field. The instrument works by measuring microwave absorption as a function of the magnetic field. ESR can be used to study metalloproteins, monitor enzyme activity through metal oxidation states, examine free radicals caused by irradiation, and determine free radical concentrations in samples.
5. Wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) X- ray fluores...SyedMuhammadAli505652
This document summarizes and compares two methods of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis: wavelength dispersive XRF (WDXRF) and energy dispersive XRF (EDXRF). WDXRF uses crystals to physically separate and detect X-rays by their wavelength, providing high resolution but slower analysis. EDXRF detects the energy of X-rays to identify elements, offering faster results but lower resolution. Both methods can perform non-destructive chemical analysis of solids from major to trace concentrations, with WDXRF typically having better detection limits. The document also discusses related techniques like micro-XRF and the differences between WDXRF, EDXRF, SEM-WDX, and WD-
Circular dichroism spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light by chiral molecules. When light passes through an optically active substance, the left and right circular polarizations are absorbed to different extents. A CD spectrometer contains a light source, monochromator, polarizer, photoelastic modulator and detector. It measures the CD signal as a function of wavelength, providing information about secondary structure of proteins and nucleic acids. CD spectroscopy requires minimal sample amounts and can quickly analyze secondary structure without crystallization. It is useful for studying protein folding, ligand binding and environmental effects on structure.
A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of light transmitted through a sample. It uses monochromatic light of specific wavelengths, typically in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. The amount of light absorbed is quantified using the Beer-Lambert law, where absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length. There are two main types - UV-visible spectrophotometers use light from 200-700 nm, while visible spectrophotometers use visible light from 350-700 nm. A spectrophotometer works by splitting white light into wavelengths, directing the light through a sample, measuring the transmitted light, and calculating absorbance values using Beer's law. Common applications include determining sample concentration, purity,
This document provides an overview of isoelectric focusing (IEF). IEF separates proteins in a gel according to their isoelectric point (pI), which is the pH at which a protein has no net charge. During IEF, proteins migrate through an immobilized pH gradient generated by ampholytes until they reach the pH that matches their pI and cease moving. IEF provides high resolution separation and is useful for research applications such as taxonomy, cytology, and immunology.
This document provides an overview of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing methodology. It discusses how environmental samples are used to extract mixed genomic DNA which is then amplified via PCR using primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The resulting PCR products are sequenced via next-generation sequencing. Sequence reads are processed, clustered into OTUs, and classified by matching to reference databases. Analysis of amplicon data can provide information on alpha and beta diversity of bacterial communities. While providing phylogenetic information, amplicon sequencing is limited compared to metagenomics in functional data obtained.
The document summarizes Ion Torrent sequencing technology. It detects hydrogen ions released during DNA polymerization rather than using optics. The sequencing occurs on semiconductor chips patterned through photolithography into wells, each sequencing a different template. As nucleotides are incorporated, hydrogen ions change the pH detected by ion sensors below each well. This allows massively parallel sequencing that is faster, cheaper and simpler than previous technologies.
Advances in Ion Selective Electrodes(ISE) Nur Fatihah
The document summarizes a group project on advances in ion selective electrodes. It discusses the different types of ion selective electrodes including glass membrane electrodes, solid state electrodes, liquid membrane electrodes, and gas sensing electrodes. It describes the key parameters that characterize ion selective electrodes such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, and response time. The document also discusses various applications of ion selective electrodes for online, on-site, and in vivo potentiometric measurements. Recent advances in the applications of ion selective electrodes in areas such as agriculture, pollution control, food quality control, medical diagnostics, and industrial production are highlighted.
This document discusses mass spectrometry techniques for analyzing molecules. It provides information on how mass spectrometry can be used to determine molecular formulas based on the intensities of peaks corresponding to the molecular ion (M), molecular ion plus one mass unit (M+1), and molecular ion plus two mass units (M+2). These peaks provide information about the molecule's elemental composition based on the natural abundances of isotopes. The document also discusses fragmentation patterns that can help identify functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. An example analysis is provided to illustrate how mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR data can be combined to identify an unknown compound.
This document discusses infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It begins by defining the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum and describing how infrared radiation is produced by molecular vibration when the applied frequency matches the natural vibration frequency. It then explains how FTIR works using an interferometer to measure all infrared frequencies simultaneously, producing a faster analysis. Key advantages of FTIR are also summarized such as speed, sensitivity, and requiring only one moving part.
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy involves exciting unpaired electrons in a sample with microwave radiation under a strong magnetic field. When the microwave frequency matches the energy difference between electron spin states, absorption occurs. The instrument consists of a microwave source, sample cavity within a magnet, and detector. Applications include determining transition metals and studying oxidative enzyme function in biology.
JRF/National Eligibility Test for Lectureship an Overview NOV 2019jagannath Dange
This document provides information about the National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in India. The NET determines eligibility for lectureship and junior research fellowship positions. It is conducted twice per year and tests candidates' teaching and research aptitude. Candidates must have a postgraduate degree with over 55% marks to be eligible. The test consists of two papers - a general teaching and research aptitude paper, and a subject-specific paper. Candidates who pass can receive a junior research fellowship for up to 4 years to pursue a PhD. The document provides details on the exam structure, syllabus, eligibility criteria, age limits, fellowships awarded, and tips for preparation.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze proteins. It works by ionizing protein samples using a laser and then measuring the time it takes for the ions to travel through a flight tube, which allows calculating the mass-to-charge ratio. The sample is mixed with an absorbing matrix and dried on a target plate before being ionized by a laser pulse. Ions are accelerated through a flight tube and reach a detector, with lighter ions traveling faster and reaching it first. The time of flight is converted to a mass spectrum, allowing identification of proteins in the sample. MALDI-TOF provides sensitive, high-throughput protein analysis and is widely used in fields like proteomics, microbiology,
This document discusses enzyme electrode biosensors for analyzing carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactulose. It describes the basic principles of how these biosensors work using specific enzymes, mentions their historical development, and provides examples of how each type has been used to analyze foods. The key enzymes and reactions involved in sensing these different carbohydrates are explained.
Analytical instruments are used to analyze materials and establish their composition. They provide qualitative and quantitative information through various components like a chemical information source, transducer, signal conditioner and display. Absorption spectroscopy is one of the most common instrumental analysis methods and is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a substance. Key laws governing absorption spectroscopy include Lambert's law, Beer's law, and the Beer-Lambert law, which relate absorbance to characteristics of the absorbing substance and its concentration. Common types of absorption spectrophotometers are UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometers, which use light in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared ranges.
Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify molecules. It involves ionizing samples, separating the ions by their mass-to-charge ratio using electric or magnetic fields, and detecting the ions. Common applications include clinical analysis of metabolites and proteins. Key components include the ion source, which ionizes samples using techniques like electrospray ionization; the mass analyzer, such as quadrupoles, that separate ions; and the detector. Mass spectrometry provides qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of clinically relevant compounds.
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that produces spectra of molecules by ionizing samples and measuring their mass-to-charge ratios. There are various ionization techniques used in mass spectrometry including electron impact ionization, fast atom bombardment, electrospray ionization, chemical ionization, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. These techniques can be "hard" and cause extensive fragmentation or "soft" and produce little fragmentation. The choice of ionization technique depends on the type of compounds being analyzed.
This document provides an introduction to electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry, also known as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). ESR detects paramagnetism by exciting unpaired electrons in atoms, ions, or free radicals to a higher energy state using microwaves under a magnetic field. The instrument works by measuring microwave absorption as a function of the magnetic field. ESR can be used to study metalloproteins, monitor enzyme activity through metal oxidation states, examine free radicals caused by irradiation, and determine free radical concentrations in samples.
5. Wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) X- ray fluores...SyedMuhammadAli505652
This document summarizes and compares two methods of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis: wavelength dispersive XRF (WDXRF) and energy dispersive XRF (EDXRF). WDXRF uses crystals to physically separate and detect X-rays by their wavelength, providing high resolution but slower analysis. EDXRF detects the energy of X-rays to identify elements, offering faster results but lower resolution. Both methods can perform non-destructive chemical analysis of solids from major to trace concentrations, with WDXRF typically having better detection limits. The document also discusses related techniques like micro-XRF and the differences between WDXRF, EDXRF, SEM-WDX, and WD-
Circular dichroism spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left and right circularly polarized light by chiral molecules. When light passes through an optically active substance, the left and right circular polarizations are absorbed to different extents. A CD spectrometer contains a light source, monochromator, polarizer, photoelastic modulator and detector. It measures the CD signal as a function of wavelength, providing information about secondary structure of proteins and nucleic acids. CD spectroscopy requires minimal sample amounts and can quickly analyze secondary structure without crystallization. It is useful for studying protein folding, ligand binding and environmental effects on structure.
A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of light transmitted through a sample. It uses monochromatic light of specific wavelengths, typically in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. The amount of light absorbed is quantified using the Beer-Lambert law, where absorbance is directly proportional to concentration and path length. There are two main types - UV-visible spectrophotometers use light from 200-700 nm, while visible spectrophotometers use visible light from 350-700 nm. A spectrophotometer works by splitting white light into wavelengths, directing the light through a sample, measuring the transmitted light, and calculating absorbance values using Beer's law. Common applications include determining sample concentration, purity,
This document provides an overview of isoelectric focusing (IEF). IEF separates proteins in a gel according to their isoelectric point (pI), which is the pH at which a protein has no net charge. During IEF, proteins migrate through an immobilized pH gradient generated by ampholytes until they reach the pH that matches their pI and cease moving. IEF provides high resolution separation and is useful for research applications such as taxonomy, cytology, and immunology.
This document provides an overview of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing methodology. It discusses how environmental samples are used to extract mixed genomic DNA which is then amplified via PCR using primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The resulting PCR products are sequenced via next-generation sequencing. Sequence reads are processed, clustered into OTUs, and classified by matching to reference databases. Analysis of amplicon data can provide information on alpha and beta diversity of bacterial communities. While providing phylogenetic information, amplicon sequencing is limited compared to metagenomics in functional data obtained.
The document summarizes Ion Torrent sequencing technology. It detects hydrogen ions released during DNA polymerization rather than using optics. The sequencing occurs on semiconductor chips patterned through photolithography into wells, each sequencing a different template. As nucleotides are incorporated, hydrogen ions change the pH detected by ion sensors below each well. This allows massively parallel sequencing that is faster, cheaper and simpler than previous technologies.
Advances in Ion Selective Electrodes(ISE) Nur Fatihah
The document summarizes a group project on advances in ion selective electrodes. It discusses the different types of ion selective electrodes including glass membrane electrodes, solid state electrodes, liquid membrane electrodes, and gas sensing electrodes. It describes the key parameters that characterize ion selective electrodes such as sensitivity, selectivity, detection limit, and response time. The document also discusses various applications of ion selective electrodes for online, on-site, and in vivo potentiometric measurements. Recent advances in the applications of ion selective electrodes in areas such as agriculture, pollution control, food quality control, medical diagnostics, and industrial production are highlighted.
This document discusses mass spectrometry techniques for analyzing molecules. It provides information on how mass spectrometry can be used to determine molecular formulas based on the intensities of peaks corresponding to the molecular ion (M), molecular ion plus one mass unit (M+1), and molecular ion plus two mass units (M+2). These peaks provide information about the molecule's elemental composition based on the natural abundances of isotopes. The document also discusses fragmentation patterns that can help identify functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. An example analysis is provided to illustrate how mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR data can be combined to identify an unknown compound.
This document discusses infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It begins by defining the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum and describing how infrared radiation is produced by molecular vibration when the applied frequency matches the natural vibration frequency. It then explains how FTIR works using an interferometer to measure all infrared frequencies simultaneously, producing a faster analysis. Key advantages of FTIR are also summarized such as speed, sensitivity, and requiring only one moving part.
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy involves exciting unpaired electrons in a sample with microwave radiation under a strong magnetic field. When the microwave frequency matches the energy difference between electron spin states, absorption occurs. The instrument consists of a microwave source, sample cavity within a magnet, and detector. Applications include determining transition metals and studying oxidative enzyme function in biology.
JRF/National Eligibility Test for Lectureship an Overview NOV 2019jagannath Dange
This document provides information about the National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in India. The NET determines eligibility for lectureship and junior research fellowship positions. It is conducted twice per year and tests candidates' teaching and research aptitude. Candidates must have a postgraduate degree with over 55% marks to be eligible. The test consists of two papers - a general teaching and research aptitude paper, and a subject-specific paper. Candidates who pass can receive a junior research fellowship for up to 4 years to pursue a PhD. The document provides details on the exam structure, syllabus, eligibility criteria, age limits, fellowships awarded, and tips for preparation.
The document provides information about the National Eligibility Test (NET) exam conducted by the National Testing Agency on behalf of the University Grants Commission. It discusses the eligibility criteria for the exam, the exam pattern including two compulsory papers, details of the syllabus and tips for preparation. Paper I tests teaching and research aptitude through objective questions, while Paper II focuses on the selected subject. Thorough preparation, practice tests and analyzing previous papers are recommended for achieving success.
How to prepare for NTA UGC NET and Why to Clear the Exam, its Benefits-S.LOGA...Loga Shanmugam
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All the Science Students who want to pursue their career further as a Junior Research Fellow or an Assistant Professor watch this presentation to know about CSIR NET Exam. Also Get solution of your all queries related to csir net exam.
The document provides information about various teacher eligibility tests in India including the State Eligibility Test (SET), Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET), Kerala Teachers Eligibility Test (KTET), and National Eligibility Test (NET). It details the eligibility criteria, exam pattern, subjects covered, qualifying marks and more for each of these tests. The CTET and KTET exams assess candidates' eligibility for teaching classes 1-5, 6-8 and 9-12 based on their performance across sections on child development, language proficiency, mathematics, and other subjects. Candidates who secure over 60% in CTET are issued an eligibility certificate to teach.
The document discusses revisions made to fellowship rates provided by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) in India. It provides the existing and revised monthly emoluments for 12 different fellowship categories, including Junior Research Fellowships (JRF), Senior Research Fellowships (SRF), and Research Associateships. The highest fellowships are for Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellows (Rs. 18,000-20,000 per month) and SRF-Extended positions (Rs. 20,000-24,000 per month). Contingency amounts also increased to Rs. 70,000 or Rs. 2,00,000 per year depending on the fellowship.
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is a national level exam conducted by IITs and IISc Bangalore for admission to postgraduate programs in engineering. It tests the comprehensive understanding of various undergraduate subjects in engineering and science. Candidates need to have a B.E./B.Tech. or equivalent degree to appear for GATE. The exam consists of 65 multiple choice questions across various engineering disciplines, with some questions having negative marking. The GATE score is used for admission to M.Tech programs in IITs and other colleges, as well as for scholarship eligibility. Dedicated preparation and practice of previous year papers is necessary to clear GATE.
Get Ahead in the SSC CGL Exam with NotopediaNotopedia Jobs
Are you preparing for the SSC CGL Exam? Make sure you have all the facts and figures you need to ace it! Notopedia provides detailed information about the exam so you can be confident that you have what it takes to succeed. With Notopedia, you can get ahead in the SSC CGL Exam!
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The document provides information about the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). GATE is used to screen applicants for admission to master's programs and government jobs in engineering. It discusses the benefits of clearing GATE, such as scholarship money and opportunities for higher studies or research positions. The document also outlines the exam format, structure, question types, and important dates for GATE 2013.
A WEB BASED APPLICATION FOR TUTORING SUPPORT IN HIGHER EDUCATION USING EDUCAT...IRJET Journal
This document describes a web-based application for tutoring support in higher education using educational data mining. The application aims to help students select appropriate colleges based on previous college cut-off performances. It uses data mining techniques to predict colleges based on attributes like student aggregate percentage, category, branch, and college information from previous years. The application has three modules - Admin, College, and Student. Colleges can register and provide cut-off details. Students can search for matching colleges based on their profile. The document discusses the literature review, system design, algorithms, and results of the study. It aims to minimize student confusion and help them select colleges without losing admission opportunities.
NEET – National Eligibility Entrance Test.
NEET Exam is for all medical colleges in India, for wish to study any graduate medical course (MBBS) , dental course (BDS)
These two courses that are offered under NEET in India.
NEET Exam is for Both Private and as well as Government Institutions.
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The document discusses some of the toughest entrance exams in India. It provides details on 10 exams, including the UPSC civil services exam, JEE, NEET, CAT, CLAT, NDA, CA, GATE, ACET, and ISI entrance exam. It outlines the conducting body, exam format, difficulty level, and selection process for each exam. Many of these exams have immense competition due to the large number of applicants and limited seats available. Mastery of a vast syllabus, rigorous question formats, and high standards are needed to succeed in India's most challenging entrance exams.
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When Will The UGC NET 2022 Exam Be Conducted and What Is The SyllabusKajolSharma34
UGC NET 2022 exam dates have not yet been announced by NTA, but are expected soon for the June 2022 and December 2021 merged cycle. The document provides important tentative dates for the registration process from April 30th to May 30th 2022, with correction windows and admit card availability dates to be announced later. It also outlines the 10 syllabus units tested in Paper 1, including teaching aptitude, research aptitude, comprehension, communication, reasoning, and data interpretation. Paper 2 will consist of 100 objective multiple choice questions worth 2 marks each from one of 82 subjects selected by the candidate.
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CMIT 451 6380 Implementing Cisco IP Routing (2162)
University of Maryland University College • Adelphi • Syllabus •
CMIT 451 6380 Implementing Cisco IP Routing (2162) CMIT-451
· Spring 2016
· Section 6380
· 3 Credits
· 01/11/2016 to 03/06/2016
Faculty Contact
Robert Chubbuck [email protected]
Course Description
Designed to help students prepare for the Cisco 300-101 ROUTE [Implementing Cisco IP Routing] Exams.) Prerequisite: CMIT 350. A comprehensive study of the implementation of a routed network using Cisco Systems Technologies. The goal is to use advanced IP routing and scalability solutions to increase the number of routers and sites without redesigning the LAN or WAN. Topics include configuration of secure routing solutions, configuration and troubleshooting of various routed environments (access, distributed, and core), and management of access and control. Students may receive credit for only one of the following: CMIT 451 or CMIT 499E.
Course Introduction
This course covers the requirements for one of the qualifying exams for the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP), Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP), and Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP) certifications.
Projects include configuring and implementing EIGRP, OSPF, and BGP routing protocols, implementing teleworking support services, configuring basic broadband connections, and using GRE tunnels for implementing VPNs.
UMUC does not guarantee that by completing this course you will pass the exam, nor does it provide the exam to you. The cost of the exam is not included in registration fees for the course. Registration for the exam can be done online at www.prometric.com or www.vue.com
Course Outcomes
After completing this course, students should be able to
· analyze network requirements to determine appropriate routing solutions for an organization's needs
· develop valid and reliable implementation, verification, and proactive monitoring plans based on industry standards
· configure and implement appropriate routing solutions that are scalable and secure
Course Materials
Click to access your course materials information
Class Guidelines
Students with Questions or Concerns
If you have questions related to the course content or any of the graded deliverables, contact me. For questions and concerns related to advising, e-mail [email protected] or call 301-985-7000 (toll-free: 800-888-8682).
For other questions and concerns, you can contact your academic director by writing to [email protected] or calling (240) 684-2882. Be sure to mention the course name, course number, and your section number in the subject field of your e-mail. Your e-mail will be treated confidentially.
Writing and Research
Effective w.
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3. Jens Martensson
What is the UGC NET Exam? - An Introduction
UGC NET is the acronym form of University Grant Commission National Eligibility
Test.
• It is also called NTA NET. UGC NET Exam is a
national level exam that focuses at maintaining
the minimum standards for teaching and
research nationwide.
• It is conducted by the National Testing Agency
(NTA) twice a year for the post of assistant
professor at the university level and to provide
the JRF award to Indian citizens.
• This exam is for the arts, humanities,
management post-graduates who wish to
become a lecture/professor/researcher.
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4. Jens Martensson
What is the CSIR NET Exam? - An Introduction
CSIR stands for the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, which is a national
research and development organization.
• National Testing Agency (NTA) is conducting
CSIR NET Exam twice a year (June &
December) since December 2019. But before
that, the Central Board of Secondary Education
(CBSE) conducted the exam.
• This exam is for science stream candidates who
want to become junior research fellow (JRF)
and assistant professor in colleges/universities.
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5. Jens Martensson
Differences in Subjects of UGC, CSIR NET Exam
The official authority conducts these exams in different subjects.
List of NTA UGC NET Exam Subjects
• Till Dec 2018 along with general paper
1, there were 100 subjects in which
you could apply. But from 2019
onwards, a total of 82 subjects are
available for UGC NET.
• Indeed, in 2022-23 session a new
subject have been added in the UGC
NET exam. Check all subjects’ name
with their codes here: - NTA UGC NET
Exam Subjects
List of CSIR NET Exam Subjects
• NTA conducts CSIR NET Exam in
five science-related subjects. With
the help of the subject list given
below, you can wisely choose
whether you should appear in
CSIR NET or not.
• Get the complete syllabus for the
subject of your choice from here -
CSIR NET Syllabus.
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6. Jens Martensson
Difference Between Eligibility!
Here we are providing you the details of these criteria for all the exams individually.
Are You Eligible for the UGC NET?
• You will be eligible for UGC NET if you have
completed your master’s degree or equivalent
examination in one of the following courses
from the universities/institutions recognized by
UGC.
• You must have a post-graduation degree (in
the any of the UGC NET subjects) with 55%
(for General Candidates) or 50% (for
ST/SC/PWD/OBC/ Transgenders) marks.
• The maximum age limit is 31 years for the JRF
while there is no age limit for the lectureship.
The age relaxation is applicable as per the
UGC Regulations.
Who is Eligible to Apply for CSIR NET?
• If you have completed your master’s degree with
a minimum 55% (for General Candidates) or
50% (for ST/SC/PWD/OBC/) marks from the
recognized university then you are eligible to
apply for CSIR NET Exam.
• The graduate candidates are also eligible to
apply for the CSIR NET Exam. However, they
will be awarded the CSIR NET Certificate after
the completion of the Post-graduation within the
time period of two years.
• For JRF, the age of the candidates must be
below 28 years.
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7. Jens Martensson
Difference Between Paper Pattern
UGC NET Exam Paper Pattern
• The exam is conducted in two
different papers (Paper- 1 and
Paper – 2) in a single three-hour
duration.
• It consists of 300 marks (Paper 1 -
100 marks and Paper 2 - 200
marks).
• There is no negative marking.
CSIR NET Paper Pattern
• CSIR NET Exam consists only a single paper
with three different sections (Part – A, Part – B,
and Part- C).
• It is conducted for a total of 200 marks.
• The marking scheme is different for each
subject.
• The total time duration is 3 hours to solve the
complete paper.
• Negative marking is different for each subject.
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8. Jens Martensson
Difference Between UGC and CSIR Net Exam in Terms of
Selection Ratio
UGC NET Dec 2019
• Number of candidates registered - 10,34,872
• Number of candidates appeared - 7,93,813
• Selection ratio - 6% of appeared candidates
CSIR NET Dec 2019
• Number of candidates registered - 2,82,117
• Number of candidates appeared - 2,25,889
• Selection ratio - Depend on CSIR NET Cutoff
Marks
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The selection ratio for these exams is different. You can
check the previous stats to know the differences between
the selection ratio.
9. Jens Martensson 9
NTA UGC NET and CSIR NET
Exam - Career Scope is
Different
The NTA UGC NET qualified candidates get a
chance to work with NET Coordinating Institutes.
CSIR NET qualified candidates have to work with
the CSIR Research Laboratories.
10. Jens Martensson 10
Similarities between NTA UGC NET and
CSIR NET Exam
These exams are conducted for the recruitment of JRF and
assistant professors.
The qualifying procedure is similar. Candidates are selected only
based on their performances in the test.
The candidates are assessed on the basis of their aptitude
knowledge and subject knowledge.
The eligibility criteria are also similar.
The application forms are submitted online for all these exams.