Constructivism is a theory of learning that views knowledge as constructed by learners based on their experiences and prior knowledge. Central ideas include that learning is an active process where learners select information, form hypotheses, and rely on cognitive structures. Influential proponents include Piaget, Vygotsky, Dewey, and Bandura. Constructivist teachers create a creative learning environment that allows open interpretation and adapts to student needs, while students engage in exploratory learning based on their interests and take ownership of their individualized learning.

1. Constructivism
C. B.

2. Theory definition
 Constructivism is a philosophical position
that views knowledge as the outcome of
experience mediated by one’s own prior
knowledge and the experience of others.

3. Central ideas
 Learning is an active process
 Learners select and transform information
 Construct hypotheses
 Make decisions
 Rely on cognitive structure (schema)
 Possess motivation to learn

4. Influential proponents
 Albert Bandura
 Jerome Bruner
 Jean Piaget
 Lev Vygotsky
 John Dewey
 William Clancey
 Carl Bereiter, etc.

5. The constructive teacher
 Is an active participant in communication
exchange as both lecturer and listener.
 Harbors a creative learning environment.
 Allows open interpretation and insemination
of information and facts.
 Presents curriculum in a manner that is
beneficial to all learning styles.
 Conforms to the needs of student adaptation.

6. The constructive student
 Responds to the teacher and peer group
through social networking/open forum.
 Engages in exploratory learning built upon
personal interests.
 Is subjective to various educational view
points.
 Takes ownership of individualized learning.
 Shares in the role of teacher instruction.

7. Reflection
 Constructivist practices are an excellent
complement and are appropriate to the advent of
curriculum integration for the current generation
of students.
 Since technology is a powerful tool and source
for navigating many topics of interest, students
must have a strong capacity for manipulating and
controlling the basis for the direction in which
they learn.
 Profound cognitive development that is
autodidactic in nature, shows better results in
creating value and efficiency for future and
lifelong learning.

8. Credits
 http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~mryder/savage.html#def_constructivism
 http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/constructivist.html
 http://www.exploratorium.edu/IFI/resources/constructivistlearning.html
 http://www.hitl.washington.edu/publications/r-97-47/two.html
 http://wordplay.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/origami-artists/
 http://www.clipartof.com/portfolio/toonaday/illustration/cartoon-
philosopher-holding-an-apple-1047420.html
 http://www.javelin-tech.com/blog/2012/04/control-plane-front-
back/golden-key/
 http://learningdynamicsinc.org/2011/04/26/autism-awareness-
month-autism-prevelance/