2.  Should newly acquired land from
Mexico be slave?
 Should people vote to decide?
 Do people have the right to bring
their “property “ anywhere?

3.  The North believed the national
government should be more powerful,
while the South believed that states’
rights should prevail.

4.  The North was aided by protective tariffs
that were established during the War of
1812 ( ie. The Tariff of Abomination) to
protect the country’s new infant
industries.
 It was effective at the time, but while it
supported the North, it hurt the South.
There was no similar protective tariffs for
agricultural products in the South.

5.  The movement by blacks and whites,
women and men, to end slavery. They
used techniques like organizations,
legislation, rebellion, schools, escapes,
and newspapers/books.

6.  Sectionalism – 1800’s – north and South
grew differently based on economic
development.
› North – industrial
› South – Agricultural
 IMPACT: This led to competition between
the two sections and eventually to unequal
tariff protections that led to secession


7.  Invention that led to increased demand for slaves.
› 1792 only 6,000 bales of cotton produced
› 1802 -100,000
› 1860 - 4,000,000,000.
› The labor intensive work of removing seed from cotton
was now replaced by the machine. Now owners could
use the enslaved labor to plant and harvest many more
acres of cotton, instead of devoting so much of their time
to seed separation.
 IMPACT: This led to increased demand for cheap
slave labor to increase plantation profits. South
became more entrenched in the system of
slavery, at the same time the North was moving away
from slavery for both economic and moral reasons.

8.  Congress passed a new tax in 1828 on
manufactured European goods in order to
protect new American industries- Americans
would them buy cheaper American goods
 IMPACT: it protected new Northern industries,
but it hurt the south economically because
they had to pay extra taxes. South Carolina
threatens to secede.
 Nullification (1828) Sen. Calhoun proposed that states had the right to
declare Federal law null and void (response to tariff) – reinforces the
idea of state’s rights

9.  A line is drawn at the 36’30
› All territories above the line must enter as free
states
› All territories below the line must enter as slave
states
 States must enter as pairs- one free/one
slave- in order to preserve a balanced vote
in Congress
 IMPACT: Successfully prevented Civil War/
southern secession for over 40 years

10.  Organized efforts to end slavery
› American Colonization Movement to Liberia
› American Anti – Slavery Society founded
› William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator”
› Fredrick Douglas – “The North Star”
› Grimke Sisters – refuse “blood money –
inheritance of slaves
› Sojourner Truth – Fights for women and black
rights.
 IMPACT: Successfully helps 1,000’s Africans
to freedom, but increases the tension/
conflict between the north and the south

11.  Part of the Compromise of 1850 (Henry Clay)
 Slaveholders could regain their “property,”
African people, by pointing them out in the
north.
› Blacks had no right to testify on their own behalf.
› Free blacks were in danger of being enslaved
› Judges were paid more if they decided the black
person were slave rather than free
 IMPACT:
› Made the North angry that citizens were punished for
following their anti-slavery conscience.
› The South was more content and did not secede- it
delayed the Civil War.

12.  Citizens of each new territory would vote for
their area to be slave or free.
 Popular sovereignty opens areas that had
been designated to be “free” areas to slavery
 IMPACT: Settlers rushed into territories to try to
claim the future state for free or slave side.
 Leads to the passage of the Kansas –Nebraska
Act of 1854 where these territories become a
battleground for those favoring and opposing
slavery. Ex. “Bleeding Kansas “
 Seen as a “democratic compromise
 Reinforces the idea that blacks have no rights

13.  Passionate abolitionists who took
revenge on pro – slavery settlers
(Bleeding Kansas), planned to raid
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia and free all slaves.
Abolitionists were caught and hung.
 IMPACT: This frightened Southerners into
tightening slave codes and believing
that Northerners were out to “get them”-
increased the divide between the north
and the south.

14.  A system of routes for Africans to escape
from the south to freedom. Informal, but
well organized. 1830’s- crossing the Ohio
River - secret conductors like Harriet
Tubman.
 IMPACT:
› Successful in helping 1000’s of African
Americans to escape to freedom
› The South felt the North wasn’t respectful of
their “property rights”, led them to support
states rights over federal rights and
eventually to secede from the union

15.  Missouri slave who went North to work in
free territory, upon return South he sued to
end his slavery stating that living in free
territory made him a free man
 IMPACT: Supreme Court held that he was
still a slave
› Since he was African American he was not a
citizen and did not have the right to sue
› Congressional ban on slavery in the Missouri
Compromise was unconstitutional.
› Slave owners could bring their “property”
anywhere

16.  Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book to
make the nation see how bad slavery
really was. The book was a success. 1st
year sold 300, 000 copies and has now
sold over millions.
 IMPACT: Some historians consider it a
cause of the Civil War because it caused
so many to support abolition

17.  Democratic party split over issue of slave
holders’ rights in territories which leads to
Republican victory
 IMPACT: The 1860 election of Lincoln, a
Republican candidate whose party
stood for no slavery in the
territories, caused South Carolina to
secede from the Union in fear it would
not be fairly represented- other states
follow