The document summarizes the 9 step process for manufacturing submersible pumps by Rotex, an Indian manufacturer. Key steps include making the diffuser bowls and impellers, balancing the impellers, making the shaft pipes and motor parts like the rotor and stator, assembling the pump by attaching the motor, impellers and other parts together, testing the pump parameters and performance, and finally painting and packaging the pump for distribution. The overall process involves casting, machining, balancing, winding, assembling and quality testing to produce a fully functional submersible pump.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Vaibhav Kumar Arya on vocational training at Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited in Mumbai. It discusses BPCL's refineries and history. It then focuses on centrifugal pumps, describing their main components and providing a case study on disassembling, cleaning, inspecting and reassembling a specific pump model. The pump was taken apart to replace a leaking mechanical seal and other worn parts.
Hydraulic Pump Motors and Actuators - Oil Hydraulic and PneumaticAjaypalsinh Barad
The file contains all details of Hydraulic pump motors and actuators. This is the part of the subject Oil Hydraulic and Pneumatic in GTU in 7th semester.
This document provides an overview of vertical turbine pumps, including their principles of operation, main components, construction, selection process, common issues, and maintenance. A vertical turbine pump uses a centrifugal or mixed-flow design with multiple stages to develop pressure. It consists of an impeller, bowl assembly, discharge column, and head. Factors like well depth and diameter, desired flow rate, and power source are considered for selection. Common troubleshooting issues involve startup failure, low flow, vibration, and capacity issues that can often be addressed through maintenance like cleaning or adjusting wear parts.
Reciprocating engine cylinders are often classified by whether they are single- or double-acting, depending on how the working fluid acts on the piston.
Hydraulic actuators and motors convert fluid energy into mechanical energy or motion. There are two main types of hydraulic actuators: linear actuators (cylinders) which provide force to drive a load in a straight line, and rotary actuators (motors) which provide torque to drive a load in a circular motion. Actuators are used in applications like forklifts, aircraft control surfaces, and industrial machinery to perform tasks that require force, movement, lifting, or other mechanical work.
Gear pumps use meshing gears to pump fluids through displacement. There are two main types: external gear pumps which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use one external and one internal spur gear. Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that pump a constant volume of fluid per revolution. External gear pumps are commonly used for lubrication and fuel transfer and internal gear pumps can handle high viscosity fluids like asphalt or chocolate. Both have advantages like precision and constant output, but also limitations like fixed flow rates and moderate pressure ranges.
Pumps come in a variety of sizes for a wide range of applications. They can be classified
according to their basic operating principle as dynamic or displacement pumps. Dynamic
pumps can be sub-classified as centrifugal and special effect pumps. Displacement pumps can
be sub-classified as rotary or reciprocating pumps.
The document summarizes the 9 step process for manufacturing submersible pumps by Rotex, an Indian manufacturer. Key steps include making the diffuser bowls and impellers, balancing the impellers, making the shaft pipes and motor parts like the rotor and stator, assembling the pump by attaching the motor, impellers and other parts together, testing the pump parameters and performance, and finally painting and packaging the pump for distribution. The overall process involves casting, machining, balancing, winding, assembling and quality testing to produce a fully functional submersible pump.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Vaibhav Kumar Arya on vocational training at Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited in Mumbai. It discusses BPCL's refineries and history. It then focuses on centrifugal pumps, describing their main components and providing a case study on disassembling, cleaning, inspecting and reassembling a specific pump model. The pump was taken apart to replace a leaking mechanical seal and other worn parts.
Hydraulic Pump Motors and Actuators - Oil Hydraulic and PneumaticAjaypalsinh Barad
The file contains all details of Hydraulic pump motors and actuators. This is the part of the subject Oil Hydraulic and Pneumatic in GTU in 7th semester.
This document provides an overview of vertical turbine pumps, including their principles of operation, main components, construction, selection process, common issues, and maintenance. A vertical turbine pump uses a centrifugal or mixed-flow design with multiple stages to develop pressure. It consists of an impeller, bowl assembly, discharge column, and head. Factors like well depth and diameter, desired flow rate, and power source are considered for selection. Common troubleshooting issues involve startup failure, low flow, vibration, and capacity issues that can often be addressed through maintenance like cleaning or adjusting wear parts.
Reciprocating engine cylinders are often classified by whether they are single- or double-acting, depending on how the working fluid acts on the piston.
Hydraulic actuators and motors convert fluid energy into mechanical energy or motion. There are two main types of hydraulic actuators: linear actuators (cylinders) which provide force to drive a load in a straight line, and rotary actuators (motors) which provide torque to drive a load in a circular motion. Actuators are used in applications like forklifts, aircraft control surfaces, and industrial machinery to perform tasks that require force, movement, lifting, or other mechanical work.
Gear pumps use meshing gears to pump fluids through displacement. There are two main types: external gear pumps which use two external spur gears, and internal gear pumps which use one external and one internal spur gear. Gear pumps are positive displacement pumps that pump a constant volume of fluid per revolution. External gear pumps are commonly used for lubrication and fuel transfer and internal gear pumps can handle high viscosity fluids like asphalt or chocolate. Both have advantages like precision and constant output, but also limitations like fixed flow rates and moderate pressure ranges.
Pumps come in a variety of sizes for a wide range of applications. They can be classified
according to their basic operating principle as dynamic or displacement pumps. Dynamic
pumps can be sub-classified as centrifugal and special effect pumps. Displacement pumps can
be sub-classified as rotary or reciprocating pumps.
This presentation contains information about pumps used in industrial hydraulics. gear pump, vane pump, piston pump. it is useful for engineering students
This document provides an overview of hydraulic actuators and motors. It begins with learning objectives and introduces different types of hydraulic actuators, including linear actuators like cylinders and rotary actuators. It then describes the construction and working of various types of hydraulic cylinders and motors, including single acting cylinders, double acting cylinders, gear motors, vane motors, and piston motors. It also discusses topics like the comparison between pumps and motors, mechanics of hydraulic cylinder loading using different lever systems, and classifications of hydraulic motors.
Hydraulic motors use high pressure fluid to turn a shaft. There are several types including gear motors, vane motors, and piston motors. Gear motors use rotating gears where fluid pressure creates force. Piston motors are often the most efficient and used in aerospace due to their high power to weight ratio. Performance is determined by efficiency factors like internal leakage and friction. Calculations can determine required pressure, flow rate, power output, and efficiency.
This presentation provides an overview of the manufacturing process of centrifugal pumps at Milnars Pumps Ltd. It discusses the key components of centrifugal pumps and how they work. The manufacturing process involves four main steps - the foundry shop where metal casting is done, the machine shop where parts are machined, the assembly shop where parts are assembled, and the test bench where pumps are tested. The presentation also provides recommendations to improve operations and concludes that the practicum provided valuable practical experience and knowledge about pump manufacturing and testing.
Instruction for installation guidelines vertical turbine pumpRuhrpumpen
This slide cover instructions for installation of Vertical Turbine Pump - open and enclosed type bowl assemblies used in Ruhrpumpen Instructions for disassemble,
maintenance, and reassembly are given in section II. List of parts covering all models of
the bowl assembly, and instructions for ordering parts, are given in section III.
This document discusses the design and manufacturing of hydraulic cylinders. It defines hydraulic cylinders as devices that convert the energy of pressurized fluid into linear mechanical force and motion. It then describes the key components of hydraulic cylinders including the piston rod, seals, guide bush, gland bush, end plug, flanges, and bleed ports. The document focuses on explaining the purpose and design considerations for each of these important parts.
Hydraulic Pumps, Motors and Actuators:
Construction, working principle and operation of rotary & reciprocating pumps like Gear, Vane, Generated-Rotor, Screw, Axial Piston, Radial Piston, Pump characteristics, Linear and Rotary Actuators, Hydrostatic Transmission Systems. Selection of components for applications
The document discusses centrifugal pumps and pumping systems. It defines the key components of pumping systems including pumps, prime movers, piping, valves and other fittings. It explains the characteristics of pumping systems such as head, static head, friction head and how total head is the sum of static and friction head. It then describes the different types of pumps, focusing on centrifugal pumps. It explains how centrifugal pumps work using impellers to accelerate fluid radially outward, converting kinetic to pressure energy. It also discusses impeller types, casings, performance curves and system curves.
The centrifugal pump consists of an impeller that rotates within a casing and uses centrifugal force to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy or pressure energy. As fluid enters the center of the impeller, the rotating vanes accelerate the fluid and discharge it outward into the casing. The casing, typically a volute, then converts the fluid's kinetic energy into increased pressure, causing the fluid to exit the pump at a higher pressure than when it entered. Proper pump operation relies on balancing factors such as suction head, delivery head, and mechanical efficiency to move fluid while avoiding cavitation that can damage pump components.
The fluid discharged by the pump is directed to the ‘hydraulic actuator’.Theactuatorconvertthepressureenergyofthefluid into mechanical energy. There are 3 basic type of hydraulic actuator.
• Theactuatorsconvertthefluidpressuretoasuitablelinearor rotary motion.
• Linearmotion–Hydrauliccylinder
• Rotary motion – Hydro motor
• Rotarymotion–Semi-rotaryactuator
Centrifugal pumps work by using a rotating impeller to impart velocity energy to fluid and increase pressure. They consist of a casing and impeller on a shaft. As fluid enters the impeller eye, the impeller blades spin and eject fluid outward, increasing pressure. The volute collects and redirects the fluid, converting velocity energy to pressure. During operation, pressure imbalances across the impeller cause both radial and axial thrusts. Radial thrust is balanced through design of the casing and volute. Axial thrust is balanced through methods like balancing holes, wear rings, back vanes, or double suction impellers.
The document provides an overview of centrifugal pumps. It defines what a pump is and explains that a centrifugal pump works by using centrifugal force to increase the pressure of a fluid. The key components of a centrifugal pump are then described in detail, including the casing, impeller, shaft, couplings, and bearings. Different types of impellers and casings are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of basics of pumps. It defines what a pump is and discusses common pump components, classifications, performance characteristics such as flow rate and head, and curves. It also describes different types of pumps including dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps such as reciprocating and rotary pumps, and covers specific examples like piston pumps, gear pumps, and diaphragm pumps.
Fluid machines can be classified in several ways including energy direction, fluid type, motion type, and degree of reaction. Pumps are classified as either positive displacement pumps or dynamic head pumps. Positive displacement pumps include rotary pumps like gear, vane, lobe, and screw pumps as well as reciprocating pumps. Dynamic head pumps include centrifugal and axial flow pumps. Compressors are also classified as either positive displacement or rotodynamic, with common positive displacement styles being reciprocating and rotary screw compressors and common rotodynamic styles being centrifugal and axial compressors. Turbines convert fluid energy into mechanical energy and are commonly classified by the type of fluid, such as hydraulic, gas, or steam turbines.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use kinetic energy to move fluids by decreasing pressure in the pump's suction and increasing pressure in the discharge. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use an impeller to accelerate fluid and increase pressure. Common industrial pumps include centrifugal pumps like axial flow, mixed flow, and vertical turbine pumps as well as positive displacement pumps like reciprocating, screw, and gear pumps. Pumps have components like a casing, impeller, shaft, and seals and are classified according to their method of moving fluid.
1) The document discusses the Pelton wheel turbine, which is an impulse turbine used for high head applications.
2) It has a runner with buckets that water jets strike along the tangent. The pressure remains atmospheric throughout.
3) Flow is regulated by a needle valve that adjusts the nozzle opening. The nozzle directs water jets that strike the buckets and cause them to deflect the water outward, transferring momentum to the runner.
This document outlines the key components and operation of a reciprocating air vessel pump. It defines an air vessel as a closed chamber containing compressed air and liquid. Air vessels are used to provide continuous, uniform liquid supply and reduce work overcoming friction. The document also defines cavitation as the formation of vapor bubbles when pressure drops below vapor pressure, and the damage caused by bubble collapse. It notes characteristics of reciprocating pumps include nearly constant capacity with varying head, and a maximum operating speed.
This document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their basic principles, classification, components, and potential issues. Centrifugal pumps work by imparting a whirling motion to liquid using a rotating impeller with backward curved vanes, forcing the liquid to move from the center to the outer edge and discharge from the casing. Pumps can be classified based on the number of impellers, shaft disposition, or developed head. Cavitation, where bubbles form and implode inside pumps, can cause damage and should be avoided by ensuring the net positive suction head available exceeds the required level.
This document provides an introduction to different types of pumping equipment, including their principles of operation and categories. It discusses the main differences between rotodynamic pumps (like centrifugal pumps) and positive displacement pumps (like reciprocating and rotary pumps). Centrifugal pumps are best for medium to high flow rates and low to medium pressures, while positive displacement pumps can achieve very high pressures or handle low flows. The document also compares characteristics like flow patterns, pressure capabilities, cost considerations, and fluid handling for different pump categories.
in industries like iron and glass the fluid for hydraulic machines are delivered by multistage pumps. this is the basic introduction for clearing the concept of multi stage pumps.
This presentation contains information about pumps used in industrial hydraulics. gear pump, vane pump, piston pump. it is useful for engineering students
This document provides an overview of hydraulic actuators and motors. It begins with learning objectives and introduces different types of hydraulic actuators, including linear actuators like cylinders and rotary actuators. It then describes the construction and working of various types of hydraulic cylinders and motors, including single acting cylinders, double acting cylinders, gear motors, vane motors, and piston motors. It also discusses topics like the comparison between pumps and motors, mechanics of hydraulic cylinder loading using different lever systems, and classifications of hydraulic motors.
Hydraulic motors use high pressure fluid to turn a shaft. There are several types including gear motors, vane motors, and piston motors. Gear motors use rotating gears where fluid pressure creates force. Piston motors are often the most efficient and used in aerospace due to their high power to weight ratio. Performance is determined by efficiency factors like internal leakage and friction. Calculations can determine required pressure, flow rate, power output, and efficiency.
This presentation provides an overview of the manufacturing process of centrifugal pumps at Milnars Pumps Ltd. It discusses the key components of centrifugal pumps and how they work. The manufacturing process involves four main steps - the foundry shop where metal casting is done, the machine shop where parts are machined, the assembly shop where parts are assembled, and the test bench where pumps are tested. The presentation also provides recommendations to improve operations and concludes that the practicum provided valuable practical experience and knowledge about pump manufacturing and testing.
Instruction for installation guidelines vertical turbine pumpRuhrpumpen
This slide cover instructions for installation of Vertical Turbine Pump - open and enclosed type bowl assemblies used in Ruhrpumpen Instructions for disassemble,
maintenance, and reassembly are given in section II. List of parts covering all models of
the bowl assembly, and instructions for ordering parts, are given in section III.
This document discusses the design and manufacturing of hydraulic cylinders. It defines hydraulic cylinders as devices that convert the energy of pressurized fluid into linear mechanical force and motion. It then describes the key components of hydraulic cylinders including the piston rod, seals, guide bush, gland bush, end plug, flanges, and bleed ports. The document focuses on explaining the purpose and design considerations for each of these important parts.
Hydraulic Pumps, Motors and Actuators:
Construction, working principle and operation of rotary & reciprocating pumps like Gear, Vane, Generated-Rotor, Screw, Axial Piston, Radial Piston, Pump characteristics, Linear and Rotary Actuators, Hydrostatic Transmission Systems. Selection of components for applications
The document discusses centrifugal pumps and pumping systems. It defines the key components of pumping systems including pumps, prime movers, piping, valves and other fittings. It explains the characteristics of pumping systems such as head, static head, friction head and how total head is the sum of static and friction head. It then describes the different types of pumps, focusing on centrifugal pumps. It explains how centrifugal pumps work using impellers to accelerate fluid radially outward, converting kinetic to pressure energy. It also discusses impeller types, casings, performance curves and system curves.
The centrifugal pump consists of an impeller that rotates within a casing and uses centrifugal force to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy or pressure energy. As fluid enters the center of the impeller, the rotating vanes accelerate the fluid and discharge it outward into the casing. The casing, typically a volute, then converts the fluid's kinetic energy into increased pressure, causing the fluid to exit the pump at a higher pressure than when it entered. Proper pump operation relies on balancing factors such as suction head, delivery head, and mechanical efficiency to move fluid while avoiding cavitation that can damage pump components.
The fluid discharged by the pump is directed to the ‘hydraulic actuator’.Theactuatorconvertthepressureenergyofthefluid into mechanical energy. There are 3 basic type of hydraulic actuator.
• Theactuatorsconvertthefluidpressuretoasuitablelinearor rotary motion.
• Linearmotion–Hydrauliccylinder
• Rotary motion – Hydro motor
• Rotarymotion–Semi-rotaryactuator
Centrifugal pumps work by using a rotating impeller to impart velocity energy to fluid and increase pressure. They consist of a casing and impeller on a shaft. As fluid enters the impeller eye, the impeller blades spin and eject fluid outward, increasing pressure. The volute collects and redirects the fluid, converting velocity energy to pressure. During operation, pressure imbalances across the impeller cause both radial and axial thrusts. Radial thrust is balanced through design of the casing and volute. Axial thrust is balanced through methods like balancing holes, wear rings, back vanes, or double suction impellers.
The document provides an overview of centrifugal pumps. It defines what a pump is and explains that a centrifugal pump works by using centrifugal force to increase the pressure of a fluid. The key components of a centrifugal pump are then described in detail, including the casing, impeller, shaft, couplings, and bearings. Different types of impellers and casings are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of basics of pumps. It defines what a pump is and discusses common pump components, classifications, performance characteristics such as flow rate and head, and curves. It also describes different types of pumps including dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps such as reciprocating and rotary pumps, and covers specific examples like piston pumps, gear pumps, and diaphragm pumps.
Fluid machines can be classified in several ways including energy direction, fluid type, motion type, and degree of reaction. Pumps are classified as either positive displacement pumps or dynamic head pumps. Positive displacement pumps include rotary pumps like gear, vane, lobe, and screw pumps as well as reciprocating pumps. Dynamic head pumps include centrifugal and axial flow pumps. Compressors are also classified as either positive displacement or rotodynamic, with common positive displacement styles being reciprocating and rotary screw compressors and common rotodynamic styles being centrifugal and axial compressors. Turbines convert fluid energy into mechanical energy and are commonly classified by the type of fluid, such as hydraulic, gas, or steam turbines.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use kinetic energy to move fluids by decreasing pressure in the pump's suction and increasing pressure in the discharge. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps which move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle, and centrifugal pumps which use an impeller to accelerate fluid and increase pressure. Common industrial pumps include centrifugal pumps like axial flow, mixed flow, and vertical turbine pumps as well as positive displacement pumps like reciprocating, screw, and gear pumps. Pumps have components like a casing, impeller, shaft, and seals and are classified according to their method of moving fluid.
1) The document discusses the Pelton wheel turbine, which is an impulse turbine used for high head applications.
2) It has a runner with buckets that water jets strike along the tangent. The pressure remains atmospheric throughout.
3) Flow is regulated by a needle valve that adjusts the nozzle opening. The nozzle directs water jets that strike the buckets and cause them to deflect the water outward, transferring momentum to the runner.
This document outlines the key components and operation of a reciprocating air vessel pump. It defines an air vessel as a closed chamber containing compressed air and liquid. Air vessels are used to provide continuous, uniform liquid supply and reduce work overcoming friction. The document also defines cavitation as the formation of vapor bubbles when pressure drops below vapor pressure, and the damage caused by bubble collapse. It notes characteristics of reciprocating pumps include nearly constant capacity with varying head, and a maximum operating speed.
This document discusses centrifugal pumps, including their basic principles, classification, components, and potential issues. Centrifugal pumps work by imparting a whirling motion to liquid using a rotating impeller with backward curved vanes, forcing the liquid to move from the center to the outer edge and discharge from the casing. Pumps can be classified based on the number of impellers, shaft disposition, or developed head. Cavitation, where bubbles form and implode inside pumps, can cause damage and should be avoided by ensuring the net positive suction head available exceeds the required level.
This document provides an introduction to different types of pumping equipment, including their principles of operation and categories. It discusses the main differences between rotodynamic pumps (like centrifugal pumps) and positive displacement pumps (like reciprocating and rotary pumps). Centrifugal pumps are best for medium to high flow rates and low to medium pressures, while positive displacement pumps can achieve very high pressures or handle low flows. The document also compares characteristics like flow patterns, pressure capabilities, cost considerations, and fluid handling for different pump categories.
in industries like iron and glass the fluid for hydraulic machines are delivered by multistage pumps. this is the basic introduction for clearing the concept of multi stage pumps.
This document provides an overview of centrifugal pumps, which are the most common type of pump used for agricultural irrigation, accounting for over 75% of installed pumps. It describes how centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to impart kinetic energy to water and increase pressure. The main components are the rotating impeller coupled to a shaft, and stationary components like the casing. Impellers can be classified based on flow direction, number of suctions, and shape. Centrifugal pumps are also classified based on energy conversion type, number of stages, impeller type, axis of rotation, and drive method.
This document discusses pumps and pumping systems. It provides definitions and classifications of different types of pumps, including centrifugal and positive displacement pumps. It discusses factors to consider when selecting between centrifugal and positive displacement pumps such as flow rate, pressure, viscosity, and efficiency. The document also outlines 14 opportunities to improve energy efficiency in pumping systems, such as proper maintenance, monitoring, controls, demand reduction, pump sizing, variable speed drives, avoiding throttling valves, pipe sizing, seals, and precision components.
Pumps are used to transfer and distribute liquids and are classified as either positive displacement or dynamic pressure pumps. Positive displacement pumps displace a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle through rotating or reciprocating components. They include piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, vane pumps, and rotary plunger pumps. Dynamic pressure pumps use impellers to impart tangential force and accelerate the fluid, including centrifugal pumps, propeller pumps, and turbine pumps. Pumps are comprised of components like casings, impellers, prime movers, piping, valves, and controls.
Pumps are used to transfer and distribute liquids and are classified as either positive displacement or dynamic pressure pumps. Positive displacement pumps displace a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle through rotating or reciprocating components. They include piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, vane pumps, and rotary plunger pumps. Dynamic pressure pumps use impellers to impart tangential force and accelerate the fluid, including centrifugal pumps, propeller pumps, and turbine pumps. Pumps have components like casings, impellers, prime movers, piping, valves and instruments and are selected based on the end-use application requirements.
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure on a liquid using a reciprocating piston or rotating components. Dynamic pumps use centrifugal force to generate high rotational velocities and convert the kinetic energy of liquids into pressure energy. Common positive displacement pump types include piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Common dynamic pump types include centrifugal pumps which contain an impeller and casing. Proper consideration of factors like net positive suction head are important for pump selection and operation.
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to the fluid using reciprocating or rotating components like pistons, plungers, or gears. Dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps use an impeller to impart kinetic energy and convert it to pressure energy. Key factors in pump performance include head, which measures pressure energy, and net positive suction head (NPSH), which must be sufficient to prevent cavitation damage to the pump.
PUMP in ........................................................................sizzack548
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to the fluid using reciprocating or rotating components, while dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps use rotation to impart kinetic energy and convert it to pressure energy. Common positive displacement pump types include piston pumps, plunger pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Centrifugal pumps are widely used dynamic pumps that contain an impeller and casing and work by accelerating fluid outwards from the center of rotation.
Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by drawing in hydraulic fluid and pressurizing it. The two main types are dynamic pumps and positive displacement pumps. Positive displacement pumps are universally used in hydraulic systems as they can generate high pressures and are well-suited to overcoming system resistances. Common positive displacement pump designs include gear pumps and piston pumps.
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of fluids. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to fluids using reciprocating or rotating components, while dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps use impellers to impart kinetic energy and convert it to pressure energy. Key factors in pump performance include types of heads like suction head, discharge head, and total head. Cavitation can occur if a pump's net positive suction head available is less than required.
Pumps require energy to move fluids from one location to another by overcoming resistance. The amount of energy needed depends on factors like the height fluid must be lifted, pressure at the delivery point, pipe dimensions, flow rate, and fluid properties. Proper pump selection involves considering the total static head, friction head, velocity head, and pressure head. Pump performance is illustrated by curves showing relationships between head, flow rate, efficiency, power, and net positive suction head (NPSH) required to prevent cavitation. Cavitation can damage pumps and reduce performance, so sufficient NPSH must be provided.
Centrifugal pumps are dynamic machines that use centrifugal force to convert rotational kinetic energy to hydrodynamic energy. They have many applications including water supply and drainage. Key components include an impeller, casing, shaft, and diffuser. The impeller rotates and imparts kinetic energy on the fluid, increasing pressure and flow towards the outlet. Cavitation can occur if pressure drops too low and vapor bubbles form, undermining efficiency. Centrifugal pumps come in various types defined by factors like number of stages, impeller design, and position of inlets and outlets.
This document discusses hydraulic pumps used in industry. It begins by listing learning objectives related to classifying pumps, explaining their workings, and evaluating performance. It then defines the functions of pumps in converting mechanical to hydraulic energy. Pumps are classified as positive displacement or non-positive displacement, based on constant/variable delivery, and rotary/reciprocating motion. Key differences between these types are outlined. Specific pump types like gear, vane and piston are described in more detail regarding their construction, advantages, and uses.
This document provides an overview of different types of mechanical pumps, including:
- Positive displacement pumps like gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps, and diaphragm pumps.
- Dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps and axial pumps.
- Details are given on pump components, design considerations for suction piping, and characteristics of specific pump types like centrifugal pumps, screw pumps, and membrane pumps.
Pumps are used to transfer and distribute liquids and can be broadly classified into two main categories: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps displace a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle of operation, resulting in a fixed flow rate. Dynamic pumps impart a tangential force to accelerate and increase the pressure of a fluid using rotating impellers. Common types of positive displacement pumps include piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, gear pumps, and screw pumps. Centrifugal pumps, propeller pumps, and turbine pumps are examples of dynamic pumps.
Centrifugal pumps work by using centrifugal force to push liquid outwards from the center of an impeller. As the liquid passes through the impeller and then the volute casing, its kinetic energy is converted to pressure energy. The main components are the shaft, impeller, and volute casing. Centrifugal pumps are classified based on how fluid enters the impeller as open, semi-open, or closed. Radial pumps produce high pressure but low flow, while axial pumps operate at lower pressure but higher flow. Mixed flow pumps provide a balance of pressure and flow. Centrifugal pumps require priming to fill the impeller before startup.
The document provides information on pump types, components, operation, and installation. It defines a pump as a mechanical device that transfers fluid from one point to another. Two main categories of pumps are described: positive displacement pumps that have a fixed volume and centrifugal pumps with a variable flow/pressure relationship. The document outlines the components and operation of common pump types like reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal pumps. It also discusses selecting a pump based on system requirements, installing the pump properly, and connecting piping and valves.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
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An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
4. MAIN COMPONENTS OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS
• Impeller: Centrifugal Pumps use impeller as the
primary source for their pumping action. Its function is
to increase the pressure of the liquid.
• Casing: The casing contains the liquid and acts as a
pressure containment vessel that directs the flow of
liquid and out of the centrifugal pump.
• Shaft: The main function of the shaft in a centrifugal
pump is to transmit the input power from the driver to
the impeller.
• Seal: Centrifugal Pumps can be provided with packing
rings or mechanical seals which helps prevent the
leakage of the pumped liquid into the surroundings.
5. MAIN COMPONENTS
• Bearing: The function of the bearing is
to support the weight of the shaft
assembly, to carry hydraulic loads
acting on the shaft, and to keep the
pump aligned to the shaft of the
driver.
• Coupling: The function of couplings is
to connect the pump shaft and the
driver shaft, and to transmit the input
power from the driver to the pump.
6. POWER AND HEAD DEVELOPED BY
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
• POWER DEVELOPED BY CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
HEAD DEVELOPED AT THE DELIVERY PIPE
8. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN SERIES - HIGH HEAD / LOW
FLOW APPLICATIONS
Putting your centrifugal pumps in series, or connected along a single line,
will let you add the head from each together and meet your high head, low
flow system requirements. This is because the fluid pressure increases as
the continuous flow passes through each pump, much like how a multi-
stage pump works. For example, if two of the same pumps are in series,
the combined performance curve will have double the head of a single
pump for a given flow rate. For two different pumps, the head will still be
added together on the combined pump curve, but the curve will most likely
have a piecewise discontinuity (meaning to curve with protusions as
pictured in the next slide).
9.
10. PUMPS IN SERIES WITH CONTROL - CONSTANT, HIGH
PRESSURE APPLICATIONS
In situations where a high, constant pressure
is required, consider adding speed control to
the final pump in a series. This configuration
achieves the high pressure that is needed,
while keeping a low flow, because the fixed-
speed pump feeds into the speed-controlled
pump, which adjusts its output with a pressure
transmitter to add only enough head to
maintain a constant pressure.