A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
a case study on urinary tract infection ( UTI) martinshaji
A case study on urinary tract infection , which gives a detailed study about UTI , the case study details about the treatment options , diagnosis , patient counselling , pharmacist interventions etc
A 28 year old male patient was admitted to the male medicine ward with complaints of fever since 1 week, bodyache, headache, slightly yellowish sclera and watery eyes.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of time. The three most common causes of CKD are,
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hypertension and
-Glomerulonephritis.
Together, these cause about 75% of all adult cases.
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
a case study on urinary tract infection ( UTI) martinshaji
A case study on urinary tract infection , which gives a detailed study about UTI , the case study details about the treatment options , diagnosis , patient counselling , pharmacist interventions etc
A 28 year old male patient was admitted to the male medicine ward with complaints of fever since 1 week, bodyache, headache, slightly yellowish sclera and watery eyes.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of time. The three most common causes of CKD are,
-Diabetes mellitus
-Hypertension and
-Glomerulonephritis.
Together, these cause about 75% of all adult cases.
COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia; A Case Reportsemualkaira
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is managed with longterm corticosteroid and is suggested to higher dose, based on the
general sick day principles. I presented a 5-year-old CAH case
by pneumonia managed in our pediatrics department. Considering stress doses of cortisone in management of CAH patients with
COVID19 should be considered
COVID-19 pneumonia in a congenital adrenal hyperplasia; a case reportkomalicarol
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is managed with longterm corticosteroid and is suggested to higher dose, based on the
general sick day principles. I presented a 5-year-old CAH case
by pneumonia managed in our pediatrics department. Considering stress doses of cortisone in management of CAH patients with
COVID19 should be considered.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. CASE ABSTRACT:
A 50 Year old male was admitted in Karpagam hospital on 21/2/2020
His chief complaints were cough, poor appetite, excessive joint pain for 1
week, chest pain for 1 month, weight loss, evening rise in temperature, and
breathlessness.
On physical examination he was found to be afebrile, conscious and
oriented. On laboratory examination his hemoglobin, total count, lymphocytes,
MCH, MCV, MCHC and RBC levels was found to be decreased. He had a past
medical history of tuberculosis and he discontinued the medications. Finally on
laboratory and specific investigation the patient was diagnosed as
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
3. • He was treated with following medication
ATT-CAT- II (8MONTHS)
T.Dolo
6. Reasons for admission
Cough
poor appetite
excessive joint pain for 1 week
chest pain for 1 month
weight loss
evening rise in temperature
breathlessness
14. CAUSES:
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that spread from person to
person through microscopic droplets released into the air.
This can happen when someone with the untreated active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks,
sneezes, spits, laughs or sings.
RISK FACTORS:
Low body weight
Babies and young children, whose immune systems have not matured
People with chronic conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease
People with HIV/AIDS
Organ transplant recipients
Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
People receiving certain specialized treatments for autoimmune disorders
17. BRAND NAME GENERIC NAME GIVEN
ROUTE
GIVEN DOSE FREQUENCY
ATT-CAT- II
(8MONTHS)
Isoniazid(H)
Rifampicin(R)
Pyrazinamide(Z)
Ethambutol(E)
Streptomycin(S)
Oral
Oral
Oral
Oral
IM
2 Months –
R150,H75,E275,Z400,S750
1 month-R150,H75,E275,Z400
5 Months- R150, H75,E275
TID
T.Dolo Paracetamol Oral 650mg SOS
DRUG CHART
18. DRUG PROFILE
DRUG CLASS MOA ADR
ATT-CAT- II
Isoniazid(H)
Rifampicin(R)
Pyrazinamide(Z)
Ethambutol(E)
Streptomycin(S)
Antituberculosis
drug
inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis
inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding strongly to
the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase,
preventing attachment of the enzyme to DNA, and thus
blocking initiation of RNA transcription
inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis
inhibits the synthesis of metabolites, subsequently
impairing cell metabolism and cell multiplication
eventually leading to cell death
inhibit normal bacterial protein synthesis
Peripheral neuritis,
hepatotoxicity, anemia, GI
disturbances
Hepatotoxicity, fever,
chills, joint pain,GI
disturbances
Hepatotoxicity,
hyperuricemia, GI
disturbances skin rashes
Optic neuritis,
hyperuricemia, GI
disturbances, skin rashes
Ototoxicity,
nephrotoxicity,
neuromuscular blockade
Paracetamol Antipyretic and
analgesic
Inhibit release of prostaglandins in the CNS and by
inhibit endogenous pyrogens at the hypothalamic
thermoregulator center
Nephrotoxicity,
hepatotoxicity, skin rashes
and GI disturbances
20. DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION
ISONIAZID -- ACETAMINOPHEN
Concurrent use of ACETAMINOPHEN and ISONIAZID may result in an increased risk of hepatotoxicity.
Mechanism-inhibition of CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of acetaminophen by isoniazid.
Acetaminophen use should be avoided or limited in patients taking isoniazid.
ISONIAZID-RIFAMPIN
Concurrent use of RIFAMPIN and ISONIAZID may result in hepatotoxicity.
Mechanism- increased isoniazid metabolism
For patients on concurrent isoniazid and rifampin, monitor liver function tests
PYRAZINAMIDE-RIFAMPIN
Concurrent use of PYRAZINAMIDE and RIFAMPIN may result in severe hepatic injury.
Patients should be monitored throughout the entire course of therapy since a majority of patients have onset of
symptoms of liver injury after the fourth week of therapy.
21. DRUG-FOOD INTERACTION
ACETAMINOPHEN-CABBAGE
Concurrent use of ACETAMINOPHEN and CABBAGE may result in decreased acetaminophen
effectiveness.
Cabbage may enhance the glucuronidation of acetaminophen to inactive metabolites.
RIFAMPIN-FOOD
Concurrent use of RIFAMPIN and FOOD may result in decreased rifampin concentrations.
Rifampin should be administered one hour before or two hours after a meal with a full glass of water.
ISONIAZID-FOOD
Concurrent use of ISONIAZID and FOOD may result in decreased isoniazid exposure.
Isoniazid should be administered on an empty stomach.
22. PATIENT COUNSELLING
• Educate the patient about the disease severity, the importance of adherence to therapy
and the complications of tuberculosis.
• Patient are advice to use tissues to cover when they cough and sneezes
• Tissues should be disposed appropriately and not left on outer space
• A surgical mask must worn by the patient whenever they leave the isolation room.
• Take medications properly.
23. PATIENT COUNSLLING-BASED ON DRUG
PROFILE
• Isoniazid should be administered on an empty stomach
• Rifampin should be administered one hour before or two hours after a meal with a
full glass of water.
• Rifampin stains body fluids such as urine, saliva, sweat, sputum, etc. orange red
which is harmless.
