The document discusses the care of a child in an incubator. It begins by describing the purpose and functions of an incubator, which is to maintain an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration for premature or sick infants. It then outlines the 5 key steps to nursing care of a child in an incubator: 1) preparing the incubator, 2) caring for the baby, 3) adjusting the incubator temperature, 4) monitoring the baby, and 5) using humidification if needed. Special considerations are also discussed such as maintaining sensory stimuli at a minimum and addressing fever in the incubator.
This slides contain detailed description of radiant warmer used in hospital setting, various modes , alarms, do's and don't of radiant warmer and nursing care management for the baby under radiant warmer
This slides contain detailed description of radiant warmer used in hospital setting, various modes , alarms, do's and don't of radiant warmer and nursing care management for the baby under radiant warmer
Defines Exchange Transfusion, the Aims, and indications of Exchange Transfusion. Articles required, choice of donor, the procedure of exchange transfusion. Post transfusion care and the complications that can occur due to exchange transfusion. The Ppt also describes the special considerations during the procedure.
Different medications must be absorbed to be effective. For absorption, the drug must be administered in proper manner. To choose a route of administration we need to relate the dosage form, the advantages and disadvantages etc.
Defines Exchange Transfusion, the Aims, and indications of Exchange Transfusion. Articles required, choice of donor, the procedure of exchange transfusion. Post transfusion care and the complications that can occur due to exchange transfusion. The Ppt also describes the special considerations during the procedure.
Different medications must be absorbed to be effective. For absorption, the drug must be administered in proper manner. To choose a route of administration we need to relate the dosage form, the advantages and disadvantages etc.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
Phototherapy, also known as light therapy is a therapeutic method that is done with the non-ionizing portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The objective of phototherapy is to heal a clinical condition, minimizing the adverse effects. Light contains energy in the form of photons. Light absorbing molecules or chromophores can utilize the light energy can make a certain change.
Sunlight is known to have a healing power from the ancient times. With this concept, by the development of modern science, the power of artificial light has been using in treating certain clinical conditions such as given as in dermatitis, psoriasis, common acne, eczema, seasonal affective disorders, vitiligo, neonatal jaundice, circardian rhythm disorders etc. Modern phototherapy light sources include sunlight, fluorescent light, halogen spotlight, fibre-optic system, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and etc.
it contains information about the important measurements , the vital signs, head, eyes, ears, nose , mouth and throat, neck, chest, breast and abdomen of a newborn. You'll find the normal and the abnormal findings on each category.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Definition, objectives, major components, requirements, physical setup, admission criteria, space, location, baby care area, electrical outlet, ventilation, counselling, handwashing area, acoustic characteristics, personnel, equipments available in the NICU, services, levels of NICU
kindly give your suggestion if you like this. Newborn care and safety are the activities and precautions recommended for new parents or caregivers. It is also an educational goal of many hospitals. it helpful for the students also for educative purpose.
neonatal hypothermia is a very emergency condition. if we identify this in early stage we can save the life of neonate. all should know about the maintaining the temperature if the neonate is in our home.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
3. INTRODUCTION
Incubator is an apparatus for maintaining
an infant, especially a premature infant, in an
environment of controlled temperature,
humidity, and oxygen concentration.
4.
5. The incubator is a closed system with a heating element
underneath and a transparent hood or canopy around the baby tray.
Air or air-oxygen mixture is sucked in through a micro filter and
streamed over the heating element humidifier using a quiet fan.
The warm humidified air is then circulated through the hood to
attain a uniform temperature within.
6. PRINCIPLE OF INCUBATOR
Infant incubator is in the form of trolley normally with mattress
on the top covered by plastic cover. This chamber provides a clean
environment and helps to protect the baby from noise, infection, and
excessive handling.
7. A low rate of air circulation, ideally not more than 20-30 litre per
minute, minimizes convective heat losses due to fast currents around
the baby.
Noise level within the incubator is kept below 60 dB to avoid
deleterious effects on hearing.
8. PRINCIPLE OF INCUBATOR
A temperature sensor is tapped into the baby’s skin and the
incubator heater adjusts to maintain the baby at a constant
temperature or the temperature is controlled by thermostat in the
heated air stream.
9. Incubators reduce convective and radiation heat losses by reducing
exposure to air currents and by providing a warm environment.
Evaporative losses are minimised by maintaining high humidity in
the incubator.
Radiation losses are curtailed by the hood or canopy on the baby
or by using double walled incubators.
10. Access holes, called iris ports, elbow operated to open and close.
The under-deck area should be corrosive resistant, moulded and
easy to clean.
Other components include air inlet, filter, fan or blower system,
humidity tray, baby tray with the mattress, and inlets for oxygen, IV
tubing and temperature probes.
11. Good quality equipment should have smooth surfaces and be free
of corners and crevices.
Additional optional features which may be attached to the
incubator include an intra-venous stand, weighing scale, timer, tilt
facility, battery back up, oxygen analyser, resuscitator, vital signs
monitor, phototherapy unit, oxygen flow meter, suction, ventilator
etc.
12. PURPOSE OF INCUBATOR
When they are not maintaining their own temperature with
clothing and wrapping.
When they are acutely unwell and close observation is required.
When they are at risk of abnormal heat loss.
They have a known infection/ or the potential to develop sepsis.
When the baby require transportation
13. PURPOSE OF INCUBATOR
Main purpose of keeping and caring a neonate in incubator are
1. Maintenance of thermoneutral ambient temperature
2. Provision of desired humidity and oxygenation
3. Observation of very sick neonates
4. Isolation newborn babies from infections, unfavorable
external environment
14. Main functions of infant incubators are:
1. Temperature control
2. O2 Concentration
3. Humidity control
4. Breathing gas filtration
15. INDICATIONS OF
INCUBATOR
Generally all premature babies, babies with low birth
weight(<1000g) may be stable, hypothermic child (<32˚c), Sick
children need incubator and its care.
Frequently incubator is used to transport babies from one place to
another, like referral to another hospital, within the hospital for
various investigations e.g. CT scan & MRI. Neonates who need close
observation are also kept in the incubators.
16. PARTS OF INCUBATOR
CANOPY WITH PORT HOLES
HEAT SOURCE WITH FAN
UNDERNEATH THE BABY
AIR PROBE
CONTROL PANEL
17. TYPES OF INCUBATOR
1. Portable and non portable–
Portable incubation can be used to
shift the patient to another area of
hospital as needed.
2. Open box type- It is also known
as Armstrong, here neonate is kept
on the Plexiglas bassinet . A radiant
warmer can be attached if needed.
18. The main disadvantage of this type of incubator is it can not
maintain thermo neutral environment if lids are open frequently.
Despite it can not filter the air and neonate is directly in the contact
with external environment. It has only advantage that neonate in this
incubator can be observed well and can be handled easily.
19. 3. Close type - Close type of
incubator has special function to
concentrate fresh air after filtration. It
prevents water loss from radiation. As
neonate remain inside the box the risk
of infection is minimum.
4. Double walled- The incubator has
two walls. As air is not good conductor
of heat the incubator prevents heat
and fluid loss.
21. STEP 1.Prepare the incubator
Pre-warmed to a temperature appropriate to the infant’s age, size
and condition.
Use in Air mode and must always be switched on with the motor
running if in use for a baby.
Check and record the incubator temperature hourly.
Position away from draughts or direct sunlight.
22.
23. Note: Ensure alarms self-test has been completed (automatic). If the
unit fails the self test, the alarm sounds, and one or more messages
are displayed in the trend/alarm window.
24. STEP2:CARE OF BABY
Maintain axilla temperature between 36.5°C and 37.2°C
Access baby by using the portholes, limit opening of large door as this
interferes with air temperature.
Ensure baby is nursed naked apart from a nappy.
Position baby utilizing rolled towels/cloth nappies to provide
boundaries that support ‘nesting’ and flexion of limbs but keeping face
clear
25.
26. Explain to parents/caregivers the purpose of an incubator for
their baby
Ensure they are familiar with how to access baby as it is optimal
for parents to continue to touch and provide comfort.
Maintain a quiet environment
There is no tapping on the canopy.
No equipment is placed on top of the canopy.
Careful opening and closing of doors.
27. S T E P 3 : A D J U S T I N G I N C U B A T O R T E M P E R A T U R E
Default incubator temperature in NICU is 35 degrees
Adjust the incubator temperature by no more or less than 0.5 of a
degree at a time.
Re-check the temperature within half an hour of making any
adjustment.
28. STEP 4:MONITOR ING
Axilla temperature is taken on admission into the incubator and
rechecked in the first hour.
Temperature is documented 4-6 hourly as per the condition.
29. STEP 5: USE OF HUMIDIFICATION
Is utilized for incubator care of preterm babies only – NOT required
for babies >32weeks.
30. CLEANING AND STERILIZATION
When the incubator is occupied, it should be cleaned daily with mild
detergent.
Humidifier chamber must be emptied and cleaned daily, fill with fresh
distilled water.
After seven days neonate should be shifted to another incubator and
used incubator should be cleaned with antiseptic solution.
1-2 ml of Glacial acetic acid or vinegar can be added to water in the
humidifier to prevent bacterial growth.
31. Special considerations-
1. It is important that the incubator should not interfere with
observation of the neonate and quality of care.
2. Sensory stimuli like light and pain should be kept to the minimal.
3. When neonate develops fever, the incubator modes have to be
changed in normal modes.
32. 4. When the neonate is nursed in prone position, skin sensor is placed
over the flank and it should not touch the bed.
5. The bathing is postponed in a neonate in incubator.
6. The daily linens should be kept within the Nursery to keep warm.
7. No alarm should be ignored.
