Neonatal resuscitation is a series of actions to assist newborn babies having difficulty transitioning from intrauterine to extrauterine life. Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing, while less than 1% require extensive resuscitation. The main goals are to initiate breathing, maintain adequate perfusion and cardiac output, and restore normal temperature. Essential equipment includes suction, bag and mask ventilation, intubation equipment and medications. The ABCs of neonatal resuscitation are maintenance of temperature, establishment of an open airway, initiation of breathing, and maintenance of circulation.

1. NEONATAL
RESUSCITATION
URBI BANERJEE
B.S.N. 4TH YEAR
FACULTY OF NURSNG
RAMA UNIVERSITY

2. INTRODUCTION
APPROXIMATELY 10% OF TOTAL NEWBORNS
REQUIRE SOME ASSISTANCE TO BEGIN
BREATHING AT BIRTH.
LESS THAN 1% REQUIRE EXTENSIVE
RESUSCITATIVE MEASUREMENTS.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ARE NEEDED FOR THE
BABIES WHO ARE HAVING BIRTH ASPHYXIA.

3. DEFINITION
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION IS THE SERIES OF
ACTIONS, USED TO ASSIST NEW BORN
BABIES, WHO HAVE DIFFICULTY WITH MAKING
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TRANSITION FROM THE
INTRAUTERINE TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE

4. GOALS

5. GOALS
THE MAIN GOALS OF NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
ARE –
1. TO INITIATE NORMAL BREATHING OF THE
BABY
2. TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE TISSUE PERFUSION
3. TO RESTORE NORMAL CORE TEMPERATURE
4. TO MAINTAIN ADEQUATE CARDIAC OUTPUT

6. INDICATIONS

7. INDICATIONS
MAIN INDICATIONS FOR NEONATAL C.P.R. ARE –
1. PRETERM BABIES
2. FETAL DISTRESS
3. BIRTH ASPHYXIA
4. HYPOXIA
5. HYPOPERFUSION
6. SEVERE I.U.G.R.
7. GRASPING RESPIRATION
8. PERSISTENT CENTRAL CYANOSIS
9. NO CRYING
10. BRADYCARDIA ( H.R. < 100 beats / min )

8. EQUIPMENTS

9. EQUIPMENTS
THE ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENTS WHICH ARE
USED FOR NEONATAL RESUSCITATION ARE –
1. SUCTION EQUIPMENTS
2. BAG AND MASK EQUIPMENTS
3. INTUBATION EQUIPMENTS
4. MEDICATIONS
5. FLUID EQUIPMENTS
6. MISCELLANEOUS

10. SUCTION
EQUIPMENTS
 BULB SYRINGE
 SUCTION CATHETER
 SUCTION TUBING
 MECONIUM ASPIRATOR
 SUCTION APPARATUS
 SYRINGE CATHETER ( 10 mL or 20
mL )

11. BULB MECONIUM SUCTION
SYRINGE ASPIRATOR CATHETER

12. BAG AND MASK
EQUIPMENTS
 NEONATAL RESUSCTATION
BAG
 FACE MASK
 OXYGEN WITH FLOW METER &
TUBING

13. NEONATAL RESUSCITATION
BAG

14. INTUBATION
EQUIPMENTS
 LARYNGOSCOPE WITH STRAIGHT
BLADE ( 0 OR 1 )
STYLET
EXTRA BULB AND BATTERIES
E.T. TUBE ( SIZES ARE 2.5, 3, 3.5. 4
mm )

15. LARYNGOSCOPE STYLET E.T.
TUBE

16. MEDICATIONS
EPINEPHRINE
SODIUM BICARBONATE
DOPAMINE
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE

17. FLUID
EQUIPMENTS
INTRAVENOUS CATHETER
TAPE & STERILE DRESSING
MATERIAL
DEXTROSE 10% IN WATER
ISOTONIC SALINE
T - CONNECTOR

18. MISCELLANEOUS
 GLOVES
 LINEN
 SHOULDER ROLL
 RADIANT WARMER
 STETHOSCOPE
 ADHESIVE TAPE
 SYNRINGES ( Sizes are 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 mL )
 GAUZE
 UMBILICAL CATHETER ( 3.5 Fr, 5 Fr )
 THREE WAY STOPCOCKS
 WATCH

19. RADIANT 3 WAY UMBILICAL
WARMER STOPCOCK CATHETER

20. TABC OF NEONATAL
RESUSCITATION

21. T STANDS FOR MAINTENANCE OF
TEMPERATURE
A STANDS FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF AN
OPEN AIRWAY
B STANDS FOR INITIATION OF
BREATHING
C STANDS FOR MAINTENANCE OF
TEMPERATURE

22. MAINTENANCE OF
TEMPERATURE
IT CAN BE DONE BY –
RECEIVING THE BABY IN A PREWARM
TOWEL
PROVISION OF HEAT SOURCES
DRYING THE BABY
REMOVING WET LINEN

23. ESTABLISHMENT OF AN OPEN
AIRWAY
IT CAN BE DONE BY –
1. PROPER POSITIONING THE INFANT
2. SUCTION THE MOUTH, NOSE. IN SOME
CASES TRACHEA TOO
3. IF NECESSARY, INSERT AN E.T. TUBE ALSO

24. INITIATION OF BREATHING
IT CAN BE DONE BY –
1. TACTILE STIMULATION
2. P.P.V. ( POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION )

25. MAINTENANCE OF
CIRCULATION
IT CAN BE DONE BY –
1. CHEST COMPRESSION
2. MEDICATIONS

26. PROCEDURE

27. PROCEDURE
INITIAL STAGE –
1.RECEIVE THE BABY IN A PREWARMED
TOWEL
2.PLACE THE BABY IN A PREHEATED
WARMER
3. POSITION THE BABY ON BACK WITH THE
NECK SLIGHTLY EXTENDED ( SNIFFING
POSITION )
4.NO HYPEREXTENSION &
UNDEREXTENSION

28. CONT…..
5. SUCTIONING OF THE MOUTH SHOULD BE
DONE FIRST, THEN NOSE TO PREVENT THE
CHANCE OF ASPIRATION OF SECRETION BY
MOUTH
6. USE MECONIUM SUCCAR IN CASE OF
MECONIUM ASPIRATION

29. CONT…..
 PROVIDING TACTILE
STIMULATION –
1. SLAPPING AND FLICKING METHOD –
a) BY SLAPPING AND FLICKING THE BABY’S
SOLE OF FEET
b) RUBBING INFANT’S BACK

30. CONT…..
2. USING FREE FLOW OXYGEN –
BY BLOWING OVER THE NEONATE’S NOSE, SO
THAT THE BABY BREATHES OXYGEN
ENRICHED AIR.
FLOW SHOULD BE 5L / Min
IF THE BABY IS HAVING SPONTANEOUS
RESPIRATION, H.R. IS ABOVE 100 BEATS PER
MINUTE WITH SKIN COLOR PINK, THEN BABY
NEEDS ONLY OBSERVATION AND
MONITORING.

31. CONT…..
NOTE : -
IF THE BABY IS HAVING SPONTANEOUS
RESPIRATION, H.R. IS ABOVE 100
BEATS PER MINUTE WITH SKIN COLOR
PINK, THEN BABY NEEDS ONLY
OBSERVATION AND MONITORING

32. CONT…..
 BAG & MASK VENTILATION –
SHOULD BE STARTED IF AFTER TACTILE
STIMULATION –
1. THE INFANT IS STILL APNEIC OR
GRASPING
2. HAVING SPONTANEOUS RESPIRATION
BUT H.R. IS BELOW 100 BEATS PER
MIN

33. CONT…..
FOR B.M.V. –
 BABY’S NECK SHOULD BE SLIGHTLY
EXTENDED TO ENSURE OPEN AIRWAY
 MASK TO BE PLACED IN POSITION WHICH
SHOULD COVER TIP OF THE CHIN,
MOUTH AND NOSE
 VENTILATION SHOULD BE DONE AT THE
RATE OF 40 - 60 BR. PER MIN

34. CONT…..
 FOLLOW A
‘SQUEEZE’ – ‘TWO’ – ‘THREE’ – ‘SQUEEZE’
SEQUENCE.

35. CONT…..
FINDINGS
1. H.R > 100
BEATS/MIN
2. H.R. IS BETWEEN
60 – 100
BEATS/MIN
3. H.R. < 60
BEATS/MIN
INTERVENTIONS
1. STOP B.M.V. AND
MONITOR THE BABY
ONLY
2. CONTINUE B.M.V.
3. CONTINUE WITH
CHEST
COMPRESSION

36. CONT…..
 CHEST COMPRESSION –
MUST BE PERFORMED ALONG WITH
VENTILATION AND 100% OXYGENATION
METHODS : -
IT CAN BE DONE BY TWO METHODS,
1. THUMB COMPRESSION
2. TWO FINGER TECHNIQUE

37. CONT…..
LOCATION :-
THE PRESSURE SHOULD BE APPLIED AT
THE LOWER THIRD OF THE STERNUM
DEPTH :-
THE DEPTH SHOULD BE ½ TO ¾ INCH.
RATE :-
THE RATE OF CHEST COMPRESSION WILL BE
90 COMPRESSIONS AT A MINUTE ALONG WITH
30 P.P.V.
TOTAL 120 EVENTS PER MINUTE

38. CONT…..
PATTERN :-
TWO PERSON SHOULD BE THERE
THREE COMPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY
ONE VENTILATION
TIME DURATION :-
3 CHEST COMPRESSIONS SHOULD BE
DONE WITHIN 1.5 SECOND
1 VENTILATION SHOULD BE DONE
WITHIN 0.5 SECOND

39. CONT…..
4 EVENTS ( 3 COMPRESSIONS + 1 P.P.V. ) NEED
2 SECOND TO BE COMPLETED
THUS, WITHIN 1 MINUTE, TOTAL 120 EVENTS
SHOULD BE COMPLETED.

40. CONT…..
 E.T. INTUBATION :-
ENDOTRACHIAL INTUBATION IS
INDICATED WHEN –
1. PROLONGED VENTILATION IS
NEEDED
2. B.M.V IS INEFFECTIVE
3. TRACHEAL SUCTION IS NEEDED
4. DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IS
SUSPECTED

41. CONT…..
TUBE SIZE SHOULD BE APPROPRIATE
BLADE SIZE SHOULD BE 0 OR 1

42. CONT…..
 MEDICATION :-
UMBILICAL VEIN SHOULD BE USED
FOR ADMINISTERING MEDICATION.
NO INTRACARDIAC DRUG SHOULD BE
GIVEN.
SOME OF THE MEDICATIONS CAN BE
GIVEN THROUGH E.T. TUBE.

43. CONT…..
EPINEPHRINE –
DOSE - 0.01 TO 0.03 mg/Kg
ROUTE - I.V.
SODIUM BICARBONATE –
1:1 ( WITH WATER )

44. COMPLICATIONS

45. COMPLICATIONS
 PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
 HYPOTHERMIA
 RIBS FRACTURE
 HYPOXEMIA
 PNEUMOTHORAX
 HYPOGLYCEMIA
 TACHYAPNEA
 HYPERVENTILATION
 HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

46. NURSES
RESPONSIBILITIES

47. NURSES
RESPONSIBILITIES
 BEFORE C.P.R. –
1. KEEP ALL THE EQUIPMENTS READY BY THE
TIME OF DELIVERY
2. ASSESS THE NEWBORN. CHECK H.R., TEMP,
APGAR SCORE 2 TIMES.
3. WIPE THE BABY DRY AND PLACE ON A
RADIANT WARMER
4. CHECK THE AIRWAY
5. DO SUCTIONING IF NEEDED
6. PROVIDE TACTILE STIMULATION
7. CHECK THE H.R. AGAIN

48. CONT…..
 DURING C.P.R. –
1. KEEP THE AMBUBAG READY
2. COVER THE MOUTH WITH THE MASK
PROPERLY
3. MONITOR H.R. CONTINUOUSLY
4. START CHEST COMPRESSION IF H.R.
BELOW 60 beats / min
5. DO NOT GIVE EXTRA PRESSURE WHILE
CHEST COMPRESSION
6. MONITOR VITAL SIGNS CONTINUOUSLY,
SPECIALLY THE H.R.

49. CONT…..
 AFTER C.P.R. –
1. MONITOR THE TEMP. OF THE BABY
2. MONITOR THE H.R.
3. PLACE THE BABY IN A RADIANT WARMER
4. DISCARD THE DISPOSABLE ARTICLES
5. SEND THE REUSABLE ARTICLES FOR
STERILIZATION
6. GIVE THE BABY TO THE MOTHER FOR
FEEDING
7. MAINTAIN ALL THE RECORD AND REPORT
IMMEDIATELY IF ANY COMPLICATION IS FOUND

50. CONCLUSION

51. CONCLUSION
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION IS
INTERVENTION AFTER A BABY IS BORN TO
HELP IT’S LUNG TO BREATHE & IT’S
HEART TO BEAT.

52. REFERENCES
 DUTTA PARUL, PEDIATRIC NURSING,
JAYPEE PUBLICATION, FOURTH EDITION,
PAGE NO : 75, 76,77
 THOMAS SR. LISSY JMJ, CLINICAL
NURSING PEDIATRIC PROCEDURE
MANNUAL, PEE VEE PUBLICATION,
SECOND EDITION
 SHARMA R, ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC
NURSING, JAYPEE PUBLICATION, FIRST
EDITION

53. ASSIGNMENT
 WRITE AN ASSIGNMENT ON THE
ALGORITHM OF NEONATAL
RESUSCITATION AND SUBMIT ON
22.12.2021

54. THANK
YOU