Professor Alvaro Valencia from the University of Chile studied laminar unsteady flow and heat transfer in a confined channel with square bars arranged side by side through numerical simulation. The study categorized flow patterns into three regimes based on the bar separation distance and examined the effects on pressure drop, heat transfer, and vortex shedding frequency. Results showed that local and overall heat transfer on channel walls increased significantly due to unsteady vortex shedding induced by the bars.
Fluid Mechanics Chapter 4. Differential relations for a fluid flowAddisu Dagne Zegeye
Introduction, Acceleration field, Conservation of mass equation, Linear momentum equation, Energy equation, Boundary condition, Stream function, Vorticity and Irrotationality
In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.
Fluid Mechanics Chapter 4. Differential relations for a fluid flowAddisu Dagne Zegeye
Introduction, Acceleration field, Conservation of mass equation, Linear momentum equation, Energy equation, Boundary condition, Stream function, Vorticity and Irrotationality
In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is characterized by fluid particles following smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.
Part of the Fluid Mechanics curriculum at Cal Poly Pomona was to analyze the performance of a centrifugal pump and generate a report of the relevant results.
Topics:
1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
2. Surface and Body Forces
3. Equations of Motion
- Reynold’s Equation
- Navier-Stokes Equation
- Euler’s Equation
- Bernoulli’s Equation
- Bernoulli’s Equation for Real Fluid
4. Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
5. The Momentum Equation
6. Application of Momentum Equations
- Force exerted by flowing fluid on pipe bend
- Force exerted by the nozzle on the water
7. Measurement of Flow Rate
a). Venturimeter
b). Orifice Meter
c). Pitot Tube
8. Measurement of Flow Rate in Open Channels
a) Notches
b) Weirs
Reynolds number and geometry concept, Momentum integral equations, Boundary layer equations, Flow over a flat plate, Flow over cylinder, Pipe flow, fully developed laminar pipe flow, turbulent pipe flow, Losses in pipe flow
Governing of the Turbine | Fluid MechanicsSatish Taji
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/LmJtNo-zgjo
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVPftVoKZoIxVH_gh09bMkw/
Blog: https://e-gyaankosh.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/egyaankosh/
Numerical Analysis of heat transfer in a channel Wit in clined bafflesinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Part of the Fluid Mechanics curriculum at Cal Poly Pomona was to analyze the performance of a centrifugal pump and generate a report of the relevant results.
Topics:
1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
2. Surface and Body Forces
3. Equations of Motion
- Reynold’s Equation
- Navier-Stokes Equation
- Euler’s Equation
- Bernoulli’s Equation
- Bernoulli’s Equation for Real Fluid
4. Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
5. The Momentum Equation
6. Application of Momentum Equations
- Force exerted by flowing fluid on pipe bend
- Force exerted by the nozzle on the water
7. Measurement of Flow Rate
a). Venturimeter
b). Orifice Meter
c). Pitot Tube
8. Measurement of Flow Rate in Open Channels
a) Notches
b) Weirs
Reynolds number and geometry concept, Momentum integral equations, Boundary layer equations, Flow over a flat plate, Flow over cylinder, Pipe flow, fully developed laminar pipe flow, turbulent pipe flow, Losses in pipe flow
Governing of the Turbine | Fluid MechanicsSatish Taji
Watch Video of this presentation on Link: https://youtu.be/LmJtNo-zgjo
For notes/articles, Visit my blog (link is given below).
For Video, Visit our YouTube Channel (link is given below).
Any Suggestions/doubts/reactions, please leave in the comment box.
Follow Us on
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVPftVoKZoIxVH_gh09bMkw/
Blog: https://e-gyaankosh.blogspot.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/egyaankosh/
Numerical Analysis of heat transfer in a channel Wit in clined bafflesinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Numerical study of heat transfer in pulsating turbulent air flowMohamed Fadl
A numerical investigation of heat transfer
characteristics of pulsating turbulent flow in a circular
tube is carried out. The flow is thermally and
hydrodynamically fully developed and the tube wall is
subjected to a uniform heat flux. The flow inlet to the
pipe consists of fixed component and pulsating
component that varies sinusoidally with time. The flow
and temperature fields are computed numerically using
computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Fluent code.
Prediction of heat transfer characteristics is performed
over a range of 10 4 ≤ Re ≤ 4x10 4 and 0 ≤ ƒ ≤ 70 are
observed. Results showed little reduction in the mean
time-averaged Nusselt number with respect to that of
steady flow. However, in the fully developed
established region, the local Nusselt number either
increases or decreases over the steady flow-values
depending on the frequency parameter. These noticed
deviations are rather small in magnitude for the
computed parameter ranges. The characteristics of heat
transfer are qualitatively consistent with the available
experimental and numerical predictions.
Thermal and fluid characteristics of three-layer microchannels heat sinksjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : A heat sink with three layers of microchannels with different flow arrangements has been studied numerically using CFD fluent software version 15. The different flow arrangements using uniform and divergence channels on thermal characteristics of heat sinks at the same mass flow rate are investigated. The results indicated that, uniform channels with counter-flow 1 arrangement provide the best temperature uniformity and divergence channels with counter flow gives the best heat sink performance.
technoloTwo dimensional numerical simulation of the combined heat transfer in...ijmech
A numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the flow field and heat transfer characteristics in a vertical channel withradiation and blowing from the wall. Hydrodynamic behaviour and heat transfer results are obtained by the solution of the complete Navier–Stokesand energy equations using a control volume finite element method. Turbulent flow with "Low Reynolds Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model" and radiation with "Discrete Transfer Radiation Method" had been modeled. In order to have a complete survey, this article has a wide range of study in different domains including velocity profiles at different locations, turbulent viscosity, shear stress, suctioned mass flow rate in different magnitude of the input
Rayleigh number, blowing Reynoldsnumber, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, the ratio of length to width and also ratio of opening thickness to width of the channel. In addition, effects of variation in any of the above non-dimensional numbers on parameters of the flow are clearly illustrated. At the end resultants had been compared with experimental data which demonstrated that in the present study, results have a great accuracy, relative errors are very small and the curve portraits are in a great
agreement with real experiments.
NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER INSIDE INCLINED OPEN CYLINDERIAEME Publication
Natural convection is investigated experimentally in an inclined open cylindrical passege heated under constant heat flux condition to study the effect of angle of inclination and heat flux on heat transfer. Heat transfer results are given for inclination angles of 0o (horizontal), 30o , 60o and 90o (vertical).Using cylinder diameter of 4.8 cm, cylinder length 50 cm and heat flux from 70 W/m2 to 600 W/m2 . Empirical correlations are given for the average Nusselt number as a function of the
Rayleigh number. The results show that the local and average Nusselt number increase as the heat flux increase and when angle of inclination changed from 0o (horizontal) to 90o
(vertical). An empirical correlations of average Nusselt number as a function of Rayleigh number were obtained.
Pressure and Heat Transfer over a Series of In-line Non-Circular Ducts in a P...Carnegie Mellon University
Flow and heat transfer for two-dimensional laminar flow at low Reynolds number for five in-line ducts of various cross-sections in a parallel plate channel are studied in this paper. The governing equations were solved using finite-volume method. A commercial CFD software, ANSYS Fluent 14.5 was used to solve this problem. A total of three different non-conventional cross-sections and their characteristics are compared with that of circular cross-section. Shape-1, Shape-2 and Shape-3 performed better for heat transfer rate than the circular cross-section, but also offered higher resistance to the flow. Shape-1 offered less resistance to flow at Re < 200 but post Re = 200 the resistance equalled to that of the Shape-3. In overall, Shape-2 performed better when the heat transfer and resistance to flow were considered.
Convective heat transfer and pressure drop in v corrugatedMohamed Fadl
New energy system development and energy
conservation require high performance heat exchanger, so
the researchers are seeking to find new methods to enhance
heat transfer mechanism in heat exchangers. The objectives
of this study are investigating heat transfer performance
and flow development in V-corrugated channels, numerical
simulations were carried out for uniform wall heat flux
equal 290 W/m
2
using air as a working fluid, Reynolds
number varies from 500 to 2,000, phase shifts,
0 \ Ø \ 180, and channel heights (S = 12.5, 15.0, 17.5
and 20 mm). Governing equations of flow and energy were
solved numerically by using finite volume method. The
numerical results indicated that, wavy (V-corrugated)
channels have a significant impact on heat transfer
enhancement with increase in pressure drop though chan-
nel due to breaking and destabilizing in the thermal
boundary layer are occurred as fluid flowing through the
corrugated surfaces and the effect of corrugated phase shift
on the heat transfer and fluid flow is more significant in
narrow channel, the goodness factor (j/f) was increased
with increasing channel phase shift, the best performance
was noticed on phase shift, Ø = 180 and channel height,
S = 12.5 mm.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Vortex-Induced Vibration for a Fully Submerged Oscillating Circular Cylinder in a Circulating Water Channel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor Turskyi
Laminar Flow
1. Laminar unsteady flow and heat transfer in confined channel flow past square bars arranged side by side Professor Alvaro Valencia Universidad de Chile Department of Mechanical Engineering
2.
3. Turbulent flow near a wall, Re=22000, experimental results, Bosch ( 1995) Numerical results, k- turbulence model
6. Numerical simulation of laminar flow around two square bars arranged side by side with free flow condition. Bosch (1995) Re c =100 G/H c =0,2 1 bar behavior
7. Re c =100 G/H c =0,75 Bistable vortex shedding For G/d >1.5 synchronization of the vortex shedding in anti-phase or in-phase
42. Mean Heat Transfer enhancement and Pressure drop increase Nuo and fo for a plane channel without built-in square bars Nu 0 = 7,68 and f 0 = 0,01496 Nu with 1 square bar=8.52 f with 1 square bar =0.053
43.
44.
45.
46. References [1] H. Suzuki, Y. Inoue, T. Nishimura, K. Fukutani, k. Suzuki, Unsteady flow in a channel obstructed by a square rod (crisscross motion of vortex). International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 14 (1993) 2-9. [2] A. K. Saha, K. Muralidhar, G. Biswas, Transition and chaos in two-dimensional flow past a square cylinder, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 126, (2000), 523-532. [3] M. Breuer, J. Bernsdorf, T. Zeiser, F. Durst, Accurate computations of the laminar flow past a square cylinder based on two different methods: lattice-Boltzmann and finite-volume, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 21, (2000), 186-196. [4] J. L Rosales, A. Ortega, J.A.C. Humphrey, A numerical simulation of the convective heat transfer in confined channel flow past square cylinders: comparison of inline and offset tandem pairs, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 44, (2001), 587-603. [5] K. Tatsutani, R. Devarakonda, J.A.C. Humphrey, Unsteady flow and heat transfer for cylinder pairs in a channel, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 36, (1993), 3311-3328. [6] A. Valencia, Numerical study of self-sustained oscillatory flows and heat transfer in channels with a tandem of transverse vortex generators, Heat and Mass Transfer, 33, (1998), 465-470. [7] D. Sumner, S.J. Price, M.P. Païdoussis, Flow-pattern identification for two staggered circular cylinders in cross-flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 411, (2000), 263-303. [8] C.H.K. Williamson, Evolution of a single wake behind a pair of bluff bodies, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 159, (1985), 1-18. [9] J.J. Miau, H.B. Wang, J.H. Chou, Flopping phenomenon of flow behind two plates placed side-by-side normal to the flow direction, Fluid Dynamics Research, 17, (1996), 311-328. [10] M. Hayashi, A. Sakurai, Wake interference of a row of normal flat plates arranged side by side in a uniform flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 164, (1986), 1-25. [11] S.C. Luo, L.L. Li, D.A. Shah, Aerodynamic stability of the downstream of two tandem square-section cylinders, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 79, (1999), 79-103. [12] G. Bosch, Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchung der instationären Strömung um zylindrische Strukturen, Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Fridericiana zu Karlsruhe, Germany, (1995). [13] S. Patankar, Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow, Hemisphere Publishing Co., New York, (1980). [14] J.P. van Doormaal, G.D. Raithby, Enhancements of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressible fluid flows. Numerical Heat Transfer, 7, (1984), 147-163.