Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a technique used to artificially maintain circulation and ventilation when the heart and lungs stop functioning normally. CPR involves performing chest compressions to pump the heart and rescue breaths to oxygenate the lungs until emergency medical services can restore normal heart function. The basic steps of CPR include checking for responsiveness, calling for help, opening the airway, administering 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths, and repeating until help arrives or signs of life return. CPR is used to keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs when someone is unresponsive and not breathing or breathing abnormally.

1. CARDIO PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION

2. DEFINITION
 Cardio pulmonary
resuscitation is a
technique of basic life
support for oxygenating
the brain and heart until
appropriate,definitive
medical treatment can
restore normal heart and
ventilatory action.

3. CONT..
OR
CPR is a series of steps used to
establish artificial ventilation
and circulation in the patient who
is not breathing and has no pulse.

4. PRINCIPLES OF CPR
❖To restore effective circulation and
ventilation
❖To prevent irreversible cerebral damage due
to anoxia.
❖When the heart fails to maintain the
cerebral circulation for approximately 4
minutes,the brain may suffer irreversible
damage

5. purposes
 To maintain blood circulation by external
cardiac massages (C).
 To maintain an open and clear airway
(A).
 To maintain breathing by external
ventilation (B).
 To save life of the patient.
 To provide basic life support till medical
and advanced life support arrives.
 Restore cardiopulmonary functioning.

8. INDICATION
✓Ventricular
fibrillation
✓Asystole
✓Pulseless
bradycardia
✓Pulseless
tachycardia

9. CONTRAINDICATION
 Do not resuscitate when a decision
not to resuscitate has been noted in
the chart.This order is often
abbreviated to DNR (do not
resuscitate).It is sometimes referred
to as no code,and is now discussed
with the client on admission and is
referred to as an advanced directive.

10. PROCEDURE
❖EQUIPMENTS:-
✓A hard and flat
surface
✓An emergency crash
cart containing a
cardiac monitor
should be brought to
the bedside

11. Cont..
✓Airway eqipment
✓Suction equipment
✓Intravenous equipment
✓Laboratory tubes and syringes
✓Pre packed medicines for advanced life
support

12. ONE RESCUER (ADULT)
Assess the
response by
tapping or gently
shaking client
while shouting,
ARE YOU OK??

14. C is for circulation.
In order to
determine if the
clients heart is
beating,place two
finger tips on his
carotid pulse,
located in the
depression between
the windpipe and
the neck muscles,
and apply slight
pressure for 5 to 10
seconds on the side.

16.  Kneel beside the person who needs help.
 Place the heel of one hand on the center of the
chest.
 Place the heel of the other hand on top of the
first hand, then lace your fingers together.
 Position your body so that your shoulders are
directly over your hands, and keep your arms
straight.

17.  Push hard, push fast. Use your body weight to
help you administer compressions that are at
least 2 inches deep and delivered at a rate of at
least 100 compressions per minute. (Just be sure
to let chest rise completely between
compressions.)
 Keep pushing. Continue hands-only CPR until
you see obvious signs of life, like breathing,
another trained responder or EMS professional
can take over, you're too exhausted to continue,
an AED becomes available, or the scene
becomes unsafe.

21. AIRWAY
The most
commonly used
method is the
head tilt chin
lift method

22.  Place the person carefully on their back and kneel
beside their chest. Tilt their head back slightly by
lifting their chin.
 Open their mouth and check for any obstruction,
such as food or vomit. Remove any obstruction if it
is loose. If it is not loose, trying to grasp it may
push it farther into the airway.

23. The breath may
be faint and
shallow-look,
listen and feel
for any signs of
breathing for 3
to 5 seconds.

24. Breathing

25.  Place your ear next the person’s mouth and listen
for no more than 10 seconds. If you do not hear
breathing, or you only hear occasional gasps, begin
CPR.
 If someone is unconscious but still breathing, do
not perform CPR. Instead, if they do not seem to
have a spinal injury, place them in the recovery
position. Keep monitoring their breathing and
perform CPR if they stop breathing.

26.  Making sure their mouth is clear, tilt their head
back slightly and lift their chin. Pinch their nose
shut, place your mouth fully over theirs, and
blow to make their chest rise.
 If their chest does not rise with the first breath,
retilt their head. If their chest still does not rise
with a second breath, the person might be
choking.

30.  Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions
and two rescue breaths until the person
starts breathing or help arrives. If an AED
arrives, carry on performing CPR until the
machine is set up and ready to use.

31. If someone is not breathing, giving CPR can
ensure that oxygen-rich blood reaches the brain.
This is important, as without oxygen, someone
can sustain permanent brain damage or die
in under 8 minutes.
 A person might need CPR if they stop
breathing in any of the following circumstances:
 a cardiac arrest or heart attack
 choking
 a road traffic accident
 near-drowning
 suffocation
 poisoning

32.  a drug or alcohol overdose
 smoke inhalation
 electrocution
 suspected sudden infant death syndrome
Only perform CPR if the adult is not
breathing, or in children and infants, when
they are not breathing normally, and their
blood is not circulating.This is why it is
important to ensure that the person does not
respond to verbal or physical calls to
attention before starting the CPR process.

33. Complication
 Coronary vessel injury
 Diaphragm injury
 Hemopericardium
 Hemothorax
 Rib fractures

34.  CPR is a life-saving first aid procedure. It can
significantly improve someone’s changes of
surviving if they suffer a heart attack or stop
breathing following an accident or trauma.
 The steps vary depending on whether the
person is an infant, child, or adult. However,
the basic cycle of chest compressions and
rescue breaths will remain the same.
 Only use CPR when an adult has stopped
breathing. Check the person to see whether
they respond to verbal or physical stimuli
before starting CPR.