This document discusses the cardiovascular system. It defines circulation as the flow of blood and lymph through vessels. There are three types of circulation: systemic, pulmonary, and portal. The importance of circulation is to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products. Blood vessels are classified anatomically as arteries and veins, and functionally as distribution, resistance, exchange, and capacitance vessels. The heart has four chambers and pumps blood through the body and lungs via the pulmonary and systemic circuits. It is a central pumping organ made of muscle tissue with four valves that ensure one-way blood flow.

1. Cardio Vascular System
Md. Aminul Islam
Department of Pharmacy
World University of Bangladesh

2. Definition of circulation
Process of blood and lymph flow through a close system
of vessels is called circulation.
Types of circulation:
There are three types of circulation:
1. Systemic circulation.(LV to Tissue and Tissue to RA).
2. Pulmonary circulation.(RV to Lungs and Lungs to LA).
3. Portal circulation.

3. Importance of circulation
1. To supply the O2, nutrition, vitamins to the tissue.
2. To carry away different metabolic waste product and
CO2.
3. Prevent intravascular coagulation of blood.
4. Helps to maintain thermal balance through out of the
body.
5. Maintain optimum environment for cellular function.

4. Classification of blood vessels
Blood vessels can be divided in two ways:
1. Anatomically.
2. Functionally.
Anatomically classification:
A. Artery: Vessels which carries oxygenated blood from
heart to body is called artery. e.g. Aorta, arterioles etc.
B. Veins: Vessels which carries deoxygenated blood from
body to heart is called veins. e.g.Venules.

5. Classification of blood vessels
Functionally classification:
A. Distribution vessels: e.g. arterises.
B. Resistance vessels: e.g. arterioles.
C. Exchange vessels: e.g. cappilaries.
D. Capacitance vessels: e.g. vein.

6. Heart
Heart is a central pumping organ. It receives and pumps out
blood to the whole body.
Parts of heart:
It has four parts…
1. Right atrium.
2. Left atrium.
3. Right ventricle.
4. Left ventricle.

7. Valves of heart
Heart has four valves:
1. Right atrioventricular
valve/Tricuspid valve.
2. Left atrioventricular
valve/Bicuspid valve.
3. Aortic valve ( LV and
aorta).
4. Pulmonary valve ( RV and
pulmonary trunk).

8. Function of valves
1. Valves helps one way movement of blood flow.
2. Prevent backflow of blood.
3. They are concern with the production of heart sound.

9. Function of heart
1. Generation of blood pressure.
2. Regular blood supply.
3. Ensuring one way blood flow.
4. Separation pulmonary and systemic circulation.

10. Great vessels of heart
1. Superior venacava.
2. Inferior venacava.
3. Right and left pulmonary vein.
4. Ascending aorta.
5. Pulmonary trunk.
6. Descending thoracic aorta.

12. Cardiac output
The amount of blood that ejected by each ventricle per
minute is called cardiac output.
Cardiac output= Stroke volume × heart rate.
= (70×72) ml
=5042 ml
=5.04 liter.

13. Cardiac cycle
The cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one
heart beat to the beginning of the next are called the
cardiac cycle.

14. Some name of heart disease
Angina pectoris: Angina means “severe/strangling pain”. It
is cardio vascular disease in which there is severe strangling
chest pain radiating to arms and shoulders is called angina
pectoris.
Tachycardia: Increased heart rate above the upper normal
physiological limit. Usually above 100 beats/min is called
tachycardia.
Bradycardia: Decreased heart rate below the lower normal
physiological limit. Usually below 60 beats/min is called
bradycardia.

15. Thank You……….