The document outlines life-saving emergency procedures including CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), BLS (basic life support), and ACLS (advanced cardiac life support) for treating cardiac and respiratory arrest. It details indications for use, assessment methods, and the specific techniques for performing CPR, including compression, airway management, and ventilation. Additionally, it addresses complications and the use of medications during CPR to enhance patient outcomes.

2. Introduction
- Emergency life saving procedure.
- When heart, lung (Breathing) stop.

3. DEFINITION
• CPR is a basic technique for oxygenating
brain and heart until appropriate definite
medical treatment can restore normal heart
and ventilation.

4. •BLS ( Basic life support)
ACLS ( Advanced cardiac life
support)

5. BLS can be used by
general public and
incorporates CPR with
first aid and some time
the use of AED.
ACLS IS generally use by medical
professional only and permit them to
use medication to treat patients
experiencing cardiac arrest
ACLS is basically an extended version
of BLS with more advanced methods
for emergency care .

6. INDICATIONS
• Cardiac and Respiratory arrest
• Co2 poisoning
• Drug poisoning.

7. CAUSES OF CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY ARREST
Allergic
reaction
Choking
Drug
reaction or
overdose
Exposure to
cold
Stroke
Suffocation
Drowning

8. PURPOSE OF CPR
To restore and maintain breathing and circulation and to provide
oxygen and blood flow to the heart , brain and other vital organs.
To Prevent irreversible brain damage from anoxia
To maintain an open and clear airways

9. ASSESSMENT
Apnea
Pulse
Unconsciousness
Cyanosis
Dilated pupil.

10. SEQUENCE OF CPR
Circulation Airway Breathing

11. PROCEDURE
Scene safety

12. Recognition of cardiac
arrest
check for
responsiveness
Check for
circulation
No breathing
Or
only gasping No definite
pulse felt within
10 sec In carotid
artery

13. LOCATION
• Place the heel of One hand on the lower half of the sternum so that the long axis of the heel of the
hand is on the long axis of the sternum.

14. METHODS
Place the other hand on the top of the
hand on the sternum with the finger
either extended or interlocked

15. DEPTH
With the arm straight
and elbows locked
press straight down to
depress the sternum 1
½ to 2 inches, Infants
(1 ½ inches)

16. COMPRESSION AND VENTILATION RATIO
Rescuer Adults Child /Infants
One 30:2 30:2
Two 30:2 15:2

17. RATE OF COMPRESSION
100C/min

18. AIRWAYS
• HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT METHOD
Place the one hand on the victims forehead and apply firm backward pressure with the palm to tilt
the head back then place the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin and lift
up to bring the jaw forward

19. JAW THRUST MANEUVER
Grasp the angle of patient’s lower jaw and lift with both hands one hand each side displacing
the mandible forward this is the safest technique of suspected neck injury

20. Abdominal Thrust

21. Finger Sweep

22. BREATHING
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to mask
Ambu Bag
Mouth to neck stoma(Patient
with laryngectomy breath
through a hole in front of their
neck stoma

23. Re evaluate the patient after every five cycles /
2 minute.
Power on AED once it is available
Ensure ACLS team is on the way

24. COMPLICATION
Rib fracture
Sternum
fracture
Intra
abdominal
haemorrhage
Hemo
pericardium

25. CPR CONSISTS OF SIX PARTS
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Drugs /defibrillation
• Endocardial intubation
• Fluids

26. DRUGS USED IN CPR
• Epinephrine (Administered every three to five minutes early in CPR for
asystole ,ventricular fibrillation)
• Vasopressin (As an alternative to epinephrine every three to five minutes for
asystole. bradycardia)
• Atropine used for (Asystole) (Pulseless electrical activity)