The jugular venous pressure (JVP, sometimes referred to as jugular venous pulse) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein. It can be useful in the differentiation of different forms of heart and lung disease.
The jugular venous pressure (JVP, sometimes referred to as jugular venous pulse) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein. It can be useful in the differentiation of different forms of heart and lung disease.
ATELECTASIS LUNG COLLAPSE PART-2 BY DR BASHIR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MEDICINE SO...Prof Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar
The term atelectasis is derived from the Greek words ateles and ektasis, which mean incomplete expansion.The incomplete expansion of lung may involve part of lung or entire lung.Most symptoms and signs are determined by the rapidity with which the collapse of lung occurs,the size of the lung area affected, and the presence or absence of complicating infection.
Rapid bronchial occlusion with a large area of lung collapse causes pain on the affected side, sudden onset of dyspnea, and cyanosis. Hypotension, tachycardia, fever, and shock may also occur.
Slowly developing atelectasis may be asymptomatic or may cause only minor symptoms. Middle lobe syndrome often is asymptomatic, although irritation in the right middle and right lower lobe bronchi may cause a severe, hacking, nonproductive cough.
Basics on heart murmurs, differentiate physiologic murmur from pathologic. Learn when to investigate further and when to monitor. Know the effect of different maneuvers on murmurs and physiology behind them. Listen to the heart sounds on the slides to appreciate the distinctive nature of each murmur.
USMLE CVS 006 007 Development of the heart anatomy .pdfAHMED ASHOUR
The development of the heart is a complex and highly regulated process that begins early in embryonic life.
Understanding the stages of heart development is crucial for recognizing
and addressing congenital heart defects that may occur during this intricate process.
Normal and abnormal Heart sounds (Murmurs).pptx
Auscultation of heart sounds
How murmurs are produced
physiology of murmurs
Classification and types of murmurs
causes of murmurs
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Abnormal heart sounds are known as Cardiac
Murmurs.
Cardiac Murmurs are produced due to turbulent
blood flow within the heart and great vessels i.e.
Aorta and Pulmonary trunk.
WHAT ARE CARDIAC MURMURS ?
4. HOW ARE NORMAL HEART SOUNDS PRODUCED ?
Normal heart sounds are Lub Dub.
Lub is the first heart sound S1. It is long and loud. It is produced
due to closure of atrio-ventricular (AV) valves i.e. Tricuspid and
Mitral Valves.
Dub is the second heart sound S2. It is short and sharp. It is
produced due to closure of semi-lunar valves i.e. aortic valve
and pulmonary valve.
S1 and S2 are best heard at apex beat i.e. left 5th intercostal
space in the mid-clavicuar line.
5. Third heart sound S3 is also produced during rapid
ventricular filling.
It is a short and low pitched sound which is normally not
heard by the stethoscope, it can be heard only by using
Microphone.
Third heart sound can be heard in children and Atheletes.
In pathological conditions like Aortic Regurgitation, Cardiac
Failure and Cardio Myopathy it can be heard by
Stethoscope.
It can be heard best with the help of bell of Stethoscope at
the apex beat area when the patient is in Left Lateral
Position.
HOW ARE NORMAL HEART SOUNDS PRODUCED ?
6. Fourth heart sound S4 is also inaudible sound.
It is produced during Atrial Systole.
It is a short and low pitched sound which is audible in
Pathological Conditions like Ventricular Hypertrophy, Aortic
Stenosis.
It can be heard best with the help of bell of Stethoscope at
the apex beat area when the patient is in Supine or Left Semi-
lateral Position.
HOW ARE NORMAL HEART SOUNDS PRODUCED ?
8. SYSTOLIC MURMURS
Systolic murmurs begin with or after
the first heart sound (S1) and
terminate at or before the
component (A2 or P2) of the second
heart sound (S2).
9. Incompetence of Atrio Ventricular Valves.
Stenosis of Semi lunar Valves.
Septal Defect.
Coarctation of Aorta.
Anaemia.
CAUSES RESPONSIBLE FOR SYSTOLIC MURMUR
10. MITRAL REGURGITATION
Retrograde flow from the left ventricle through
an incompetent mitral valve into the left atrium is
known as Mitral Regurgitation.
Time- pan/holo systolic
Location- apex beat area, radiates to left axilla
Best Heard- when patient lies on left side
Characteristics- soft, high-pitched, blowing
Associated Symptoms- MV prolapse, MV myxomatous
degeneration, rheumatic heart disease,
cardiomyopathy, endocarditis
11. TRICUSPID REGURGITATION
Retrograde flow from the right ventricle
through an incompetent tricuspid valve into the right
atrium is known as Tricuspid Regurgitation.
Time- pan/holo systolic
Location- left 3rd, 4th inter costal spaces
Best Heard- when patient inspires deeply
Characteristics- high-pitched, louder with inspiration
Associated Symptoms- Jugular Venous Pulsation, TV
myxomatous degeneration, rheumatic heart disease,
cardiomyopathy, Systolic hepatic Pulsations.
12. Narrowing of the aortic valves is known as
aortic stenosis. It causes obstruction of blood flow
from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta.
Time- mid-systolic
Location- right 2nd intercostal space, radiates to carotid
region
Best Heard- when patient bends slightly forwards
Characteristics- harsh, loud, may have associated thrill,
“ejection click”
Associated Symptoms- older age, bicuspid aortic valve,
rheumatic fever, left ventricular hypertrophy
AORTIC STENOSIS
13. PULMONARY STENOSIS
Time- Mid-Systolic
Location- Left 2nd inter costal space
Best Heard- when patient bends slightly forward and
breathes out
Characteristics- harsh, loud, may have associated
thrill, “ejection click”
Associated Symptoms- older age, rheumatic fever,
Ventricular septal defect, Dextro position of Aorta,
Right Ventricular hypertrophy
Narrowing of the pulmonary valve causing
obstruction of flow from the right ventricle into the
pulmonary trunk is known as Pulmonary Stenosis.
14. ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
A congenital abnormality in which blood
flows from left atrium into right atrium through a
hole is known as Atrial Septal Defect.
Time- Mid systolic
Location- 3rd, 4th left inter costal spaces
Best Heard- when patient bends slightly forwards
Characteristics- harsh, loud, splitting of heart
sound
Associated symptoms- cyanosis, dyspnoea,
ventricular hypertrophy
15. VETRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
A congenital abnormality in which blood
flows from high pressure LV to low pressure RV
through a hole is known as Ventricular Septal Defect.
Time- pan/holosystolic
Location- 3rd, 4th, 5th left inter costal spaces
Best Heard- when patient lies on left side
Characteristics- harsh, loud
Associated symptoms- alone or associated with
pulmoary stenosis
17. Stenosis of Atrio Ventricular Valves.
Incompetence of Semi lunar Valves.
CAUSES RESPONSIBLE FOR DIASTOLIC MURMUR
18. MITRAL STENOSIS
Obstruction of flow from left atrium to left
ventricle because of a narrowed mitral orifice is
known as Mitral Stenosis.
Time- Mid-Diastolic
Location- Apex
Best Heard- with bell while patient lies on left side
Characteristics- low pitched
Associated Symptoms- Rheumatic fever
19. TRICUSPID STENOSIS
Obstruction of flow from right atrium to
right ventricle because of a narrowed Tricuspid
orifice is known as Tricuspid Stenosis.
Time- Mid-Diastolic
Location- Left 2nd, 3rd inter costal space
Best Heard- with bell while patient bends
forwards
Characteristics- low pitched
Associated Symptoms- Rheumatic fever, almost
always accompanies with mitral stenosis
20. AORTIC REGURGITATION
Retrograde flow from the aorta into the left
ventricle through incompetent aortic cusps is known as
Aortic Regurgitation.
Time- Early-Diastolic
Location- 2nd-4th left intercostal spaces
Best Heard- during expiration with patient leaning
forwards
Characteristics- high-pitched, blowing
Associated Symptoms- aortic root degeneration,
rheumatic heart disease, VSD, aortic valve prolapse (kids)
21. CONTINUOUS MURMURS
Continuous murmurs are not
confined to either phase of the
cardiac cycle but instead begin in
early systole and proceed through S2
into all or part of diastole, they are
uninterrupted by valve closure.
22. Failure of the ductus arteriosis (duct
between pulmonary artery and aorta) to close
after birth
Time- Continuous
Location- upper left sternal border at the level of
2nd inter costal space
Characteristics- machine-like
Associated Symptoms- aorta to pulmonary shunt,
cyanosis
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS
23. Pericardial Rubs occurs due to friction produced by
heart movements.
Venous Hum is present at the upper region of chest,
produced due to obstruction in JVF.
PERICARDIAL RUBS & VENOUS HUMS
