Cardamom
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Cardamom comes from the seeds of plants in the genera Elettaria and Amomum. The seeds are used as a spice and flavoring agent due to their strong aromatic properties. Cardamom is native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia, and the main producing countries are Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, and India. It has a variety of medicinal uses including as a carminative and stimulant.
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Tamarind- Chintapandu imali
Title: TAMARIND - Chintapandu.
Description: In this video the viewers will come to know about Tamarind that is one of the carbohydrates containing crud drugs obtained from the various plant sources. Tamarind consists of dried ripe fruits (freed from the brittle epicarp) of Tamarindus indica Linn., belonging to family Leguminosae This drug becomes important since it is obtained from fruits source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (scientific names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents, identification tests and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
Synonyms of Tamarind
Biological Sources of Tamarind
Geographical Sources of Tamarind
Preparation of Tamarind
Description of Tamarind
Chemical Constituents of Tamarind
Chemical Test of Tamarind
Uses of Tamarind
Herbs
This document provides descriptions of various herbs, spices, and seasonings. It describes their appearance, where they come from, how they are used, and their flavors. Some key herbs and spices mentioned include thyme, with lemon and caraway varieties; dill, with anise flavor; chives, with a delicate onion flavor; and horseradish, often used in sauces or with beef. Common spices include cinnamon, ginger, turmeric, paprika, cumin, cardamom, and saffron, the most expensive spice due to its difficult harvesting process.
Breeding of citrus
Citrus breeding methods were presented by S. Sharvesh. Key points include:
- Citrus includes oranges, mandarins, lemons, limes, and grapefruits which are important fruits in India.
- Breeding methods aim to develop new varieties with traits like improved yield, quality, disease resistance.
- Techniques discussed were classification of citrus species and varieties, their botany, flowering behavior, hybridization and selection of superior types.
- Important commercial varieties in India are Nagpur mandarin, Washington navel orange, acid lime, Rangpur lime, Eureka and Lisbon lemons.
Advances breeding of Citrus
“Advances in breeding of citrus ”
Advances breeding of Citrus, breeding of citrus, Advances breeding of Citrus by Gangaram Rana, polyploidy breeding of citrus, mutation breeding of citrus, biotechnology of citrus, gangaram rana
CITRUS
CITRUS - CLASSIFICATION, SOIL, CLIMATE, VARIETIES,
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INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS
Sharad Bisen
courtesy: open Source Study Material
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Cardamom
- 1. CARDAMOM
- 2. INTRODUCTION Cardamom sometimes cardamon or cardamum, is a spice made from the seeds of several plants in the generaElettaria and Amomum in the family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia. They are recognized by their small seed pods: triangular in cross-section and spindle- shaped, with a thin, papery outer shell and small, black seeds. Elettariapods are light green and smaller, while Amomum pods are larger and dark brown.
- 3. The monograph of CARDAMOM
- 4. CARDAMOM Synonym : Cardamom fruit Cardamom seeds Biological Source : Dried ripe fruits of Elettaria cardamomum Family : Zingiberaceae
- 5. Geographical Source: Srilanka Myanmar Malaysia India Mysore (India) Kerala (India)
- 6. Organoleptic characters: Colour : Green to pale buff Odour : Agreeable, aromatic and pleasant Taste : Strongly aromatic Size : 1 to 2 cm long
- 7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Shape : Ovoid or oblong Apex : Beaked Base : Rounded with remains of talk Surface : Smooth & longitudinally striated
- 8. COMPOSITIONS •The content of essential oil in the seeds is strongly dependent on storage conditions, but may be as high as 8%. •In the oil were found myrcene 27%, limonene 8%, α-terpineol 45%, menthone 6%, β-phellandrene 3%, 1,8-cineol 2%, sabinene 2% and heptane 2%. •Other sources report 1,8-cineol (20 to 50%), α-terpenylacetate (30%), sabinene, limonene (2 to 14%), and borneol. •In the seeds of round cardamom from Java (A. kepulaga), the content of essential oil is lower (2 to 4%), and the oil contains mainly 1,8-cineol (up to 70%) plus β- pinene (16%); furthermore, α-pinene, α-terpineol and humulene were found.
- 9. USES • Carminative • Stimulant • Spice • Aromatic astringent • Flavoring agent
- 10. SUMMARY In this class we learnt about Elettaria cardamomum belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. Contains Volatile oil as main chemical constituent. Used as Carminative and flavoring agent.