Carbon monoxide is formed during incomplete combustion when there is too much fuel or not enough oxygen. High levels of CO indicate a rich mixture and can be fatal if inhaled over a short period in high enough concentrations. High CO can be caused by issues like air intake restrictions, fuel leaks, carburetor malfunctions, exhaust leaks, or catalytic converter problems that result in a rich air-fuel mixture. Carbon dioxide is considered a greenhouse gas rather than a pollutant and normal tailpipe CO2 levels range from 13-17%, with CO2 and CO levels moving in opposite directions depending on whether the mixture is rich or lean.