EQ-COMP is a calculation tool for hydrocarbon/ oil and natural gas industry. Oil and natural gas samples comprise primarily of non-polar and mildly polar hydrocarbon compounds. EQ-COMP has been developed considering these non-polar and mildly polar hydrocarbons.
Control loop configuration of interacting unitsSomen Jana
What is an Interacting Unit?
Several units interact with each other through material or energy flows.
How to determine the feasible loop configuration in interacting units?
Steps:
Divide the process into separate blocks.
Determine the degree of freedom and no of controlled and manipulated variables for each block.
Determine the feasible loop configurations for each and every block.
Recombine the blocks with their loop configurations.
Eliminate the conflicts among the control system of the various blocks.
Control loop configuration of interacting unitsSomen Jana
What is an Interacting Unit?
Several units interact with each other through material or energy flows.
How to determine the feasible loop configuration in interacting units?
Steps:
Divide the process into separate blocks.
Determine the degree of freedom and no of controlled and manipulated variables for each block.
Determine the feasible loop configurations for each and every block.
Recombine the blocks with their loop configurations.
Eliminate the conflicts among the control system of the various blocks.
In this Course we get two sections:
Section 1
Introduction and information on the existing reactors
Visual images of reactors
Importance of Reactor Design
Section 2
- The General Mole Balance Equation
- The concept of Generation
- The Accumulation term
- The Design Equations for a Batch Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Plug Flow Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Packed Bed Reactor
By the end of this block you should be able to differentiate between batch reactors vs. continuous flow reactors.
You should be familiar with the General Mole Balance Equation and how to apply it to every reactor.
You should know or at least get to know the Mole Balance Equations or Design Equations of each reactor in the Course.
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
Packed Bed Reactor for Catalytic Cracking of Plasma Pyrolyzed Gasijsrd.com
Packed bed reactors play vital role in chemical industries for obtaining valuable product, like steam reforming of natural gas, ammonia synthesis, sulphuric acid production, methanol synthesis, methanol oxidation, butadiene production, styrene production. It is not only used for production but also used in separation process like adsorption, distillation and stripping section. Packed bed reactors are work horse of the chemical and petroleum industries. Its low cost, and simplicity makes it first choice to any chemical processes. In our experimental work vacuum residue is used as a feed which is pyrolyzed in the primary chamber with the help of plasma into hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases which is feed stream to the Ni catalyst containing packed bed reactor called catalytic cracker. Ni loading in the catalyst about 70 % is used to crack or decompose lower molecular hydrocarbon in to hydrogen to maximize the energy content per mass flow of gas steam and also to minimize the carbon dioxide equivalent gases at outlet of the reactor. Since cracking is surface phenomena so the catalyst play important role in designing of reactor shape. Parallel Catalytic packed bed with regeneration and deactivation can be used for commercial production of clean fuel.
Capacity Enhancement of Ammonia Production By The Revamping of Ammonia.
In this project, we find conversion and temperature profile of a two catalyst bed with one interbed heat exchanger ammonia converter and a three catalyst bed with two interbed heat exchanger ammonia converter both have radial flow by using a pseudo homogeneous two dimensional mathematical model on the basis of principle of conservation of mass and energy balance with the help of MATLAB pde solver.We conclude that a three catalyst bed ammonia converter give a higher conversion and lower pressure drop compare to the two catalyst bed ammonia converter for the same volume of catalyst bed and same amount of feed stock.
BOIL OFF GAS ANALYSIS OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) AT RECEIVING TERMINALSVijay Sarathy
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a cryogenic mixture of low molecular weight (MW) hydrocarbons with its chief component being methane. Its uses cover a gamut of applications from domestic & industrial use, power generation, to transportation fuel in its liquid form. LNG is transported in double-hulled ships specifically designed to handle low temperatures of the order of -1620C. As of 2012, there were 360 ships transporting more than 220 million metric tons of LNG every year. [1]
When LNG is received at most terminals, it is transferred to insulated storage tanks that are built to specifically hold LNG. These tanks can be above or below ground & keep the liquid at a low temperature to minimize evaporation & compositional changes due to heat ingress from the ambient. The temperature within the tank will remain constant if the pressure is kept constant by allowing the boil off gas (BOG) to escape from the tank. This is known as auto-refrigeration. BOG is collected & used as a fuel source in the facility or on the tanker transporting it. When natural gas is needed, LNG is warmed enough using heat exchangers to vaporize it called re-gasification process, prior to transferring it to the pipeline grid to various users.
Boil-off gas (BOG) management & assessment of LNG’s thermodynamic properties are key issues in the technical assessment of LNG storage. Increased vaporization process may negatively affect the stability and safety of the stored LNG. For these reasons the rate of vaporization (boil off rate) should be precisely determined in storage terminal energy systems. [2].
In this Course we get two sections:
Section 1
Introduction and information on the existing reactors
Visual images of reactors
Importance of Reactor Design
Section 2
- The General Mole Balance Equation
- The concept of Generation
- The Accumulation term
- The Design Equations for a Batch Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Plug Flow Reactor
- The Design Equations for a Packed Bed Reactor
By the end of this block you should be able to differentiate between batch reactors vs. continuous flow reactors.
You should be familiar with the General Mole Balance Equation and how to apply it to every reactor.
You should know or at least get to know the Mole Balance Equations or Design Equations of each reactor in the Course.
In this topic we have discussed working principle of a Batch Reactor. We've also discussed its kinetics like its Rate equation, Material and Energy balance. Its Design steps also have been discussed.
Packed Bed Reactor for Catalytic Cracking of Plasma Pyrolyzed Gasijsrd.com
Packed bed reactors play vital role in chemical industries for obtaining valuable product, like steam reforming of natural gas, ammonia synthesis, sulphuric acid production, methanol synthesis, methanol oxidation, butadiene production, styrene production. It is not only used for production but also used in separation process like adsorption, distillation and stripping section. Packed bed reactors are work horse of the chemical and petroleum industries. Its low cost, and simplicity makes it first choice to any chemical processes. In our experimental work vacuum residue is used as a feed which is pyrolyzed in the primary chamber with the help of plasma into hydrogen and hydrocarbon gases which is feed stream to the Ni catalyst containing packed bed reactor called catalytic cracker. Ni loading in the catalyst about 70 % is used to crack or decompose lower molecular hydrocarbon in to hydrogen to maximize the energy content per mass flow of gas steam and also to minimize the carbon dioxide equivalent gases at outlet of the reactor. Since cracking is surface phenomena so the catalyst play important role in designing of reactor shape. Parallel Catalytic packed bed with regeneration and deactivation can be used for commercial production of clean fuel.
Capacity Enhancement of Ammonia Production By The Revamping of Ammonia.
In this project, we find conversion and temperature profile of a two catalyst bed with one interbed heat exchanger ammonia converter and a three catalyst bed with two interbed heat exchanger ammonia converter both have radial flow by using a pseudo homogeneous two dimensional mathematical model on the basis of principle of conservation of mass and energy balance with the help of MATLAB pde solver.We conclude that a three catalyst bed ammonia converter give a higher conversion and lower pressure drop compare to the two catalyst bed ammonia converter for the same volume of catalyst bed and same amount of feed stock.
BOIL OFF GAS ANALYSIS OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) AT RECEIVING TERMINALSVijay Sarathy
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a cryogenic mixture of low molecular weight (MW) hydrocarbons with its chief component being methane. Its uses cover a gamut of applications from domestic & industrial use, power generation, to transportation fuel in its liquid form. LNG is transported in double-hulled ships specifically designed to handle low temperatures of the order of -1620C. As of 2012, there were 360 ships transporting more than 220 million metric tons of LNG every year. [1]
When LNG is received at most terminals, it is transferred to insulated storage tanks that are built to specifically hold LNG. These tanks can be above or below ground & keep the liquid at a low temperature to minimize evaporation & compositional changes due to heat ingress from the ambient. The temperature within the tank will remain constant if the pressure is kept constant by allowing the boil off gas (BOG) to escape from the tank. This is known as auto-refrigeration. BOG is collected & used as a fuel source in the facility or on the tanker transporting it. When natural gas is needed, LNG is warmed enough using heat exchangers to vaporize it called re-gasification process, prior to transferring it to the pipeline grid to various users.
Boil-off gas (BOG) management & assessment of LNG’s thermodynamic properties are key issues in the technical assessment of LNG storage. Increased vaporization process may negatively affect the stability and safety of the stored LNG. For these reasons the rate of vaporization (boil off rate) should be precisely determined in storage terminal energy systems. [2].
Fuel System Library is a Modelica library targeting the design and verification of fuel systems on civil and military aircraft. The library is designed to analyze and verify system behavior during various dynamic operating modes and flight conditions.
This presentation gives a general idea on simulation in Aspen HYSYS software. It gives an knowledge on the selection of simulator and the selection of equation of states in simulators. It also gives a brief idea on the thermodynamics behind the simulators
Laboratory and Theoretical investigations of petroleum reservoir fluid propri...Mohamed Lamoj
In this study, complete PVT lab experiments were done and then evaluate the most frequently used empirical black oil PVT correlations for application in the Middle East. Empirical PVT Correlations for Middle East crude oil have been compared as a function of commonly available PVT data. Correlations have been compared for: Bubble point pressure; solution gas oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, oil density, and oil viscosity. After evaluates the Empirical correlations the crude sample was characterized using different EOS to arrive at one EOS model that accurately describes the PVT behavior of crude oil produced.
Launch Your Streaming Platforms in MinutesRoshan Dwivedi
The claim of launching a streaming platform in minutes might be a bit of an exaggeration, but there are services that can significantly streamline the process. Here's a breakdown:
Pros of Speedy Streaming Platform Launch Services:
No coding required: These services often use drag-and-drop interfaces or pre-built templates, eliminating the need for programming knowledge.
Faster setup: Compared to building from scratch, these platforms can get you up and running much quicker.
All-in-one solutions: Many services offer features like content management systems (CMS), video players, and monetization tools, reducing the need for multiple integrations.
Things to Consider:
Limited customization: These platforms may offer less flexibility in design and functionality compared to custom-built solutions.
Scalability: As your audience grows, you might need to upgrade to a more robust platform or encounter limitations with the "quick launch" option.
Features: Carefully evaluate which features are included and if they meet your specific needs (e.g., live streaming, subscription options).
Examples of Services for Launching Streaming Platforms:
Muvi [muvi com]
Uscreen [usencreen tv]
Alternatives to Consider:
Existing Streaming platforms: Platforms like YouTube or Twitch might be suitable for basic streaming needs, though monetization options might be limited.
Custom Development: While more time-consuming, custom development offers the most control and flexibility for your platform.
Overall, launching a streaming platform in minutes might not be entirely realistic, but these services can significantly speed up the process compared to building from scratch. Carefully consider your needs and budget when choosing the best option for you.
AI Pilot Review: The World’s First Virtual Assistant Marketing SuiteGoogle
AI Pilot Review: The World’s First Virtual Assistant Marketing Suite
👉👉 Click Here To Get More Info 👇👇
https://sumonreview.com/ai-pilot-review/
AI Pilot Review: Key Features
✅Deploy AI expert bots in Any Niche With Just A Click
✅With one keyword, generate complete funnels, websites, landing pages, and more.
✅More than 85 AI features are included in the AI pilot.
✅No setup or configuration; use your voice (like Siri) to do whatever you want.
✅You Can Use AI Pilot To Create your version of AI Pilot And Charge People For It…
✅ZERO Manual Work With AI Pilot. Never write, Design, Or Code Again.
✅ZERO Limits On Features Or Usages
✅Use Our AI-powered Traffic To Get Hundreds Of Customers
✅No Complicated Setup: Get Up And Running In 2 Minutes
✅99.99% Up-Time Guaranteed
✅30 Days Money-Back Guarantee
✅ZERO Upfront Cost
See My Other Reviews Article:
(1) TubeTrivia AI Review: https://sumonreview.com/tubetrivia-ai-review
(2) SocioWave Review: https://sumonreview.com/sociowave-review
(3) AI Partner & Profit Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-partner-profit-review
(4) AI Ebook Suite Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-ebook-suite-review
Takashi Kobayashi and Hironori Washizaki, "SWEBOK Guide and Future of SE Education," First International Symposium on the Future of Software Engineering (FUSE), June 3-6, 2024, Okinawa, Japan
Introducing Crescat - Event Management Software for Venues, Festivals and Eve...Crescat
Crescat is industry-trusted event management software, built by event professionals for event professionals. Founded in 2017, we have three key products tailored for the live event industry.
Crescat Event for concert promoters and event agencies. Crescat Venue for music venues, conference centers, wedding venues, concert halls and more. And Crescat Festival for festivals, conferences and complex events.
With a wide range of popular features such as event scheduling, shift management, volunteer and crew coordination, artist booking and much more, Crescat is designed for customisation and ease-of-use.
Over 125,000 events have been planned in Crescat and with hundreds of customers of all shapes and sizes, from boutique event agencies through to international concert promoters, Crescat is rigged for success. What's more, we highly value feedback from our users and we are constantly improving our software with updates, new features and improvements.
If you plan events, run a venue or produce festivals and you're looking for ways to make your life easier, then we have a solution for you. Try our software for free or schedule a no-obligation demo with one of our product specialists today at crescat.io
Code reviews are vital for ensuring good code quality. They serve as one of our last lines of defense against bugs and subpar code reaching production.
Yet, they often turn into annoying tasks riddled with frustration, hostility, unclear feedback and lack of standards. How can we improve this crucial process?
In this session we will cover:
- The Art of Effective Code Reviews
- Streamlining the Review Process
- Elevating Reviews with Automated Tools
By the end of this presentation, you'll have the knowledge on how to organize and improve your code review proces
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Transform Your Communication with Cloud-Based IVR SolutionsTheSMSPoint
Discover the power of Cloud-Based IVR Solutions to streamline communication processes. Embrace scalability and cost-efficiency while enhancing customer experiences with features like automated call routing and voice recognition. Accessible from anywhere, these solutions integrate seamlessly with existing systems, providing real-time analytics for continuous improvement. Revolutionize your communication strategy today with Cloud-Based IVR Solutions. Learn more at: https://thesmspoint.com/channel/cloud-telephony
Software Engineering, Software Consulting, Tech Lead, Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, Spring Core, Spring JDBC, Spring Transaction, Spring MVC, OpenShift Cloud Platform, Kafka, REST, SOAP, LLD & HLD.
What is Augmented Reality Image Trackingpavan998932
Augmented Reality (AR) Image Tracking is a technology that enables AR applications to recognize and track images in the real world, overlaying digital content onto them. This enhances the user's interaction with their environment by providing additional information and interactive elements directly tied to physical images.
Why Mobile App Regression Testing is Critical for Sustained Success_ A Detail...kalichargn70th171
A dynamic process unfolds in the intricate realm of software development, dedicated to crafting and sustaining products that effortlessly address user needs. Amidst vital stages like market analysis and requirement assessments, the heart of software development lies in the meticulous creation and upkeep of source code. Code alterations are inherent, challenging code quality, particularly under stringent deadlines.
OpenMetadata Community Meeting - 5th June 2024OpenMetadata
The OpenMetadata Community Meeting was held on June 5th, 2024. In this meeting, we discussed about the data quality capabilities that are integrated with the Incident Manager, providing a complete solution to handle your data observability needs. Watch the end-to-end demo of the data quality features.
* How to run your own data quality framework
* What is the performance impact of running data quality frameworks
* How to run the test cases in your own ETL pipelines
* How the Incident Manager is integrated
* Get notified with alerts when test cases fail
Watch the meeting recording here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbNOje0kf6E
Artificia Intellicence and XPath Extension FunctionsOctavian Nadolu
The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of how you can use AI from XSLT, XQuery, Schematron, or XML Refactoring operations, the potential benefits of using AI, and some of the challenges we face.
AI Fusion Buddy Review: Brand New, Groundbreaking Gemini-Powered AI AppGoogle
AI Fusion Buddy Review: Brand New, Groundbreaking Gemini-Powered AI App
👉👉 Click Here To Get More Info 👇👇
https://sumonreview.com/ai-fusion-buddy-review
AI Fusion Buddy Review: Key Features
✅Create Stunning AI App Suite Fully Powered By Google's Latest AI technology, Gemini
✅Use Gemini to Build high-converting Converting Sales Video Scripts, ad copies, Trending Articles, blogs, etc.100% unique!
✅Create Ultra-HD graphics with a single keyword or phrase that commands 10x eyeballs!
✅Fully automated AI articles bulk generation!
✅Auto-post or schedule stunning AI content across all your accounts at once—WordPress, Facebook, LinkedIn, Blogger, and more.
✅With one keyword or URL, generate complete websites, landing pages, and more…
✅Automatically create & sell AI content, graphics, websites, landing pages, & all that gets you paid non-stop 24*7.
✅Pre-built High-Converting 100+ website Templates and 2000+ graphic templates logos, banners, and thumbnail images in Trending Niches.
✅Say goodbye to wasting time logging into multiple Chat GPT & AI Apps once & for all!
✅Save over $5000 per year and kick out dependency on third parties completely!
✅Brand New App: Not available anywhere else!
✅ Beginner-friendly!
✅ZERO upfront cost or any extra expenses
✅Risk-Free: 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee!
✅Commercial License included!
See My Other Reviews Article:
(1) AI Genie Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-genie-review
(2) SocioWave Review: https://sumonreview.com/sociowave-review
(3) AI Partner & Profit Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-partner-profit-review
(4) AI Ebook Suite Review: https://sumonreview.com/ai-ebook-suite-review
#AIFusionBuddyReview,
#AIFusionBuddyFeatures,
#AIFusionBuddyPricing,
#AIFusionBuddyProsandCons,
#AIFusionBuddyTutorial,
#AIFusionBuddyUserExperience
#AIFusionBuddyforBeginners,
#AIFusionBuddyBenefits,
#AIFusionBuddyComparison,
#AIFusionBuddyInstallation,
#AIFusionBuddyRefundPolicy,
#AIFusionBuddyDemo,
#AIFusionBuddyMaintenanceFees,
#AIFusionBuddyNewbieFriendly,
#WhatIsAIFusionBuddy?,
#HowDoesAIFusionBuddyWorks
A Study of Variable-Role-based Feature Enrichment in Neural Models of CodeAftab Hussain
Understanding variable roles in code has been found to be helpful by students
in learning programming -- could variable roles help deep neural models in
performing coding tasks? We do an exploratory study.
- These are slides of the talk given at InteNSE'23: The 1st International Workshop on Interpretability and Robustness in Neural Software Engineering, co-located with the 45th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2023, Melbourne Australia
A Study of Variable-Role-based Feature Enrichment in Neural Models of Code
EQ-COMP - Process Simulation Software
1. The ultimate answer to all your vapor-liquid equilibrium needs
EQEQEQEQEQEQEQEQ--------COMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE SimulatorCOMP : The VLE Simulator
2. VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM CONCEPT
PURE COMPOUNDS
• Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium curves for pure compounds are Pressure-
Temperature plots showing the variation of boiling/bubbling
temperatures with pressures.
• These curves end at critical point corresponding to critical temperature
and critical pressure
• The compound can be vaporized at a constant temperature lower than
critical temperature from an initial pressure beyond critical pressure by
decreasing the pressure.
• Similarly compound can be liquefied at a constant pressure below
critical pressure from an initial temperature higher than critical
temperature by decreasing the temperature
• The compound can not be liquefied or vaporized by variation of
temperature at constant pressure or by variation of pressure at constant
temperature incase the both the initial temperature and pressure of
compound are higher than critical values.
• Beyond critical point, the compound can not be characterized as liquid
or vapor thus resulting in absence of vapor-liquid equilibrium and VLE
curve beyond critical point.
4. VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM CONCEPT
HYDROCARBON MIXTURES
• Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium curves for hydrocarbon mixtures are generally
closed envelopes known as Phase envelopes comprising of bubble point
curve and dew point curve.
• Bubble point curve is the plot of pressure of the mixture (bubble point
pressure) with the temperature at which vaporization of the mixture
starts/ first bubble of vapor is formed (bubble point temperature or
initial boiling point temperature).
• Dew point curve is the plot of pressure of the mixture (dew point
pressure) with the temperature at which vaporization of the mixture
ends/ single drop of liquid remains (dew point temperature or final
boiling point temperature).
• The meeting point of bubble point curve and dew point curve on phase
envelope is the critical point of the hydrocarbon mixture.
• Inside the Phase envelope in general and between initial and final
boiling temperatures in particular, the hydrocarbon mixture exists in
two phases i.e. partially in liquid and partially in vapor phase.
• Unlike VLE curves for pure compounds, VLE curves for hydrocarbon
mixtures extend beyond critical pressure to cricondenbar (point of
maximum pressure on the phase envelope) and beyond critical
temperature to cricondentherm (point of maximum temperature on the
phase envelope).
6. VLE PROPERTIES DETERMINATION AND ITS
UTILITY
UTILITY OF VLE PROPERIES
VLE Properties like bubble point, dew point, two phase composition,
critical point, cricondentherm, cricondenbar etc. form the basis of
complete hydrocarbon industry and have immense usage in all kinds of
hydrocarbon operations as well as in all other areas even remotely
related to hydrocarbons. Some uses of VLE properties are:
• VLE Properties are required in designing of hydrocarbon plants like oil
refineries, LPG plant, LNG liquefaction and gasification plants,
Petrochemical plants etc.. They have roles in designing of all equipments
of these plants like storage tanks, flash chambers, distillation towers,
pumps etc.
• VLE Properties are required in all kinds of petroleum upstream
calculations like oil and gas well simulation and designing of multiphase
flow pipelines.
• Prediction of these properties is useful in simulating various planetary
atmospheres which contain varying proportions of hydrocarbons like
methane, ethane and propane and some inorganic gases like N2, H2S,
H2 and CO2.
7. VLE PROPERTIES DETERMINATION AND ITS
UTILITY
DETERMINATION OF VLE PROPERIES
VLE Properties like bubble point, dew point, two phase composition,
critical point, cricondentherm, cricondenbar etc. for binary mixtures are
easy to calculate but determination of these properties for
multicomponent mixtures require complex calculations involving
complex equations. Optimization of these calculations to include
maximum number of components and plotting of correct phase
envelopes for multicomponent mixtures presents further challenge.
These calculations can only be calculated using latest computers. These
calculations further require complex computer programs to automate
them so that the results can be generated at the click of a button.
8. INTRODUCTION TO EQ-COMP
• EQ-COMP is a VLE calculation software that can accurately calculate
various VLE properties like bubble point, dew point, two phase
compositions, critical point, cricondentherm, cricondenbar etc. for
multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures.
• EQ-COMP is one of its kind software in the world which is made single-
handedly with basic infrastructure using very basic software tool like
MS excel but gives results comparable to other such world class
softwares made using most advanced software tools, vast infrastucture
and large teams of scientists and developers.
• EQ-COMP is a very complex combination of macro programs of MS excel
written using Visual Basic for Applications programming language for
calculating multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium properties
automatically at the click of a button.
• EQ-COMP is useful in finding out vapor-liquid equilibrium properties for
a hydrocarbon mixture for any composition. It has been optimised to
include any number of non-polar or slightly polar compounds subject to
a maximum limit of 112 compounds.
• Various modules of EQ-COMP can be used to find out various VLE
properties even in retrograde region and for compositions involving high
proportions of non-condensables.
• The phase envelope generated using EQ-COMP consists of equilibrium
temperature values at a specified interval of 0.4 bars clearly marking the
critical point of mixture with easily locatable cricondenbar and
cricondentherm.
9. CALCULATIONS & EQUATIONS USED IN
EQ-COMP
• EQ-COMP calculates VLE properties using Peng-Robinson cubic
equation of state which is the preferred equation for such calculations
for non-polar and slightly polar compounds
• EQ-COMP uses modified version of Peng-Robinson equation published
in 1978
• In designing of EQ-COMP, trends of various phase envelop curves for
different compositions developed using first principles have been
carefully studied and generalized to fit other compositions.
• EQ-COMP does not use any popular converging method but uses very
long and un-conventional for such calculations but tried and tested and
very reliable first principle approach and basic but standard calculation
tools like MS excel for carrying out the calculations. So EQ-COMP may
sometimes take very long time in generating results but the chances of
the results being incorrect under the preview of Peng-Robinson cubic
equation of state is almost nil.
• Binary interaction parameters values can be included in the
calculations in EQ-COMP to increase the accuracy of the VLE results.
• EQ-COMP is among the very few similar software in the world which
have included temperature dependent binary interaction parameters as
per Predictive Peng Robinson 78 (PPR 78) equation in its calculations.
These parameters are specifically used for calculating reasonably
accurate water dew point values and curves for hydrocarbon mixtures.
• EQ-COMP can include constant binary interaction parameters
calculated using critical volumes of interacting hydrocarbons.
10. EXCLUSIVE FEATURES OF EQ-COMP
Some of the exclusive features and results possible with EQ-COMP are:
• Phase equilibrium curve with temperature-pressure data for any pure
non-polar or mildly polar compound with known critical temperature,
critical pressure accentricity factor.
• VLE properties like bubble point temperature, bubble point pressure,
dew point temperature, dew point pressure, two phase composition,
bubble point composition, dew point composition etc. for almost any
hydrocarbon mixture involving any number of non-polar or mildly polar
hydrocarbons.
• Complete phase envelope for almost any hydrocarbon mixture with
critical point, cricondenbar, cricondentherm and multiple critical points.
• VLE properties in the retrograde region.
• VLE properties and Phase envelope for hydrocarbon mixtures involving
high concentration of non-condensables.
• Prediction of state of hydrocarbon mixture (liquid, vapour, two phase or
super critical) at a particular temperature and pressure.
• Customisation of software to include any other non-polar or mildly polar
hydrocarbon in the calculations as per client’s requirement.
• Inclusion of values of binary interaction parameters provided by the
client to generate results.
• Inclusion of constant binary interaction parameters in case desired by
the client.
11. EXCLUSIVE FEATURES OF EQ-COMP
Continued
• Generation of liquid and vapour compressibility factors for any
hydrocarbon mixture over a range of temperatures and pressures.
• Generation of x-y, T-x-y, H-x-y and critical point profile for any binary
mixture comprising of non-polar or mildly polar hydrocarbons.
• Calculation of enthalpy change from standard conditions, entropy
change from standard conditions, gibbs free energy change from
standard conditions, heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp), heat
capacity at constant volume (Cv), heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv) and Sonic
speed for any hydrocarbon mixture at a given pressure and
corresponding bubble and dew point temperatures and throughout the
phase envelope at increments of 0.4 bars.
12. APPLICATIONS OF EQ-COMP
Some of the possible applications of EQ-COMP are:
• EQ-COMP can be used to predict phase equilibrium curves for pure
hydrocarbons and supercritical properties so it can be used to design
storage tanks for pure hydrocarbons.
• EQ-COMP can be used to predict the bubble point, hydrocarbon dew
point and two phase properties for multicomponent hydrocarbon
mixtures so it can be used to design multicomponent distillation
columns and multicomponent flash chambers/ storage tanks.
• EQ-COMP can predict cricondentherm, cricondenbar, critical point,
retrograde condensation region etc. very accurately so it can be used for
oil well simulation studies during oil well planning.
• EQ-COMP predicts cricondentherm very accurately using Peng-
Robinson cubic equation of state so it can be used to fix the
temperature at which the natural gas should be supplied to the power
plants and this temperature specification is mentioned in Natural gas
contracts for natural gas based power plants and cogen plants.
• EQ-COMP can predict various phase equilibrium properties for
hydrocarbon mixtures so it can also be used to simulate planetary
atmospheres like that of Titan, the moon of Saturn which contains
mixture of Nitrogen and Methane in varying proportions.
• EQ-COMP can accurately find out various VLE properties at low as well
as high pressures and can further post-process the data generated by
running various modules of EQ-COMP number of times to generate
Concentration diagrams, Temperature-Concentration diagrams and
Enthalpy-Concentration diagrams for any binary mixture comprising of
non-polar or mildly polar hydrocarbons at any pressure so it can be
used directly for designing distillation columns for binary mixtures.
13. APPLICATIONS OF EQ-COMP
Continued from previous slide -
• EQ-COMP can calculate enthalpy change from standard conditions,
entropy change from standard conditions, gibbs free energy change from
standard conditions, heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp), heat
capacity at constant volume (Cv), heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv) and Sonic
speed at desired pressure values and correspomding bubble point and
dew point temperature values of hydrocarbon mixture. Also it can
calculate the above values for any hydrocarbon mixture throughout the
phase envelope at increments of 0.4 bars. This enables the calculation
of enthalpy changes, entropy changes and gibbs energy changes
between saturated vapour and saturated liquid apart from heat
capacity, heat capacity ratio and sonic speed values for saturated
vapour and saturated liquid for any hydrocarbon mixture. These values
have extensive usage in engineering calculations involving
hydrocarbons.
These are some of the possible practical applications of EQ-COMP.
Apart from these, EQ-COMP can be extensively used in various other
natural gas processing, petrochemical and refinery design applications
and in research studies in various research laps wherever accurate
prediction of vapour liquid equilibrium properties for pure hydrocarbons
or hydrocarbon mixtures is required.
14. BINARY VLE USING EQ-COMP
For multicomponent distillation, separate detailed tray by tray
calculations performed iteratively may be required for optimized design
of the distillation column but simpler calculation procedures exist for
binary distillation. Distillation columns for binary mixtures can be
designed by very simple McCabe-Thiele method and slightly more
complex and more accurate Ponchon-Savarit method. Both these
methods require Concentration diagrams (x-y plot) and Temperature-
Concentration diagrams (T-x-y plot) at the operating pressure of the
distillation column. Ponchon-Savarit method requires enthalpy-
concentration diagram in addition to these two diagrams.
EQ-COMP can be used to design multicomponent distillation columns
by calculating VLE properties at each of the tray conditions separately
step by step. EQ-COMP can accurately find out various VLE properties
at low as well as high pressures and can further post-process the data
generated by running various modules of EQ-COMP number of times to
generate Concentration diagrams (x-y plot), Temperature-Concentration
diagrams (T-x-y plots) and Enthalpy-Concentration diagram (H-x-y
plots) for any binary mixture comprising of non-polar or mildly polar
hydrocarbons at any pressure. These diagrams can be used in McCabe-
Thiele method or Ponchon-Savarit method to find out various design
parameters like theoretical number of trays, feed tray location, reflux
ratio etc. for distillation columns for binary mixtures.
15. CALCULATION MODULES OF EQ-COMP
Various calculation modules of EQ-COMP along with the results
generated by them are given below:
• Bubble point temperature module: It calculates the bubble point
temperature/s, equilibrium constants (K values) and compositions at a
given pressure. In addition it calculates liquid and vapor compressibility
factor values, molecular weights and densities at bubble point. Also it
gives Equilibrium temperature, compositions, K values and
compressibility factor values at pressure values throughout the bubble
point curve at increments of 0.4 bars.
• Hydrocarbon dew point temperature module: It calculates the dew
point temperature and compositions at a given pressure. In addition it
calculates liquid and vapor compressibility factor values, molecular
weights and densities at dew point. Also it gives Equilibrium
temperature, compositions, K values and compressibility factor values
at pressure values throughout the hydrocarbon dew point curve at
increments of 0.4 bars.
• Bubble point pressure module: It calculates the bubble point
pressure and compositions at a given temperature. In addition it
calculates liquid and vapor compressibility factor values, molecular
weights and densities at bubble point. Also it gives Equilibrium
temperature, compositions, K values and compressibility factor values
at pressure values throughout the bubble point curve at increments of
0.4 bars.
16. CALCULATION MODULES OF EQ-COMP
Continued from previous slide -
• Hydrocarbon dew point pressure module: It calculates the dew
point pressure and compositions at a given temperature. In addition it
calculates liquid and vapor compressibility factor values, molecular
weights and densities at dew point. Also it gives Equilibrium
temperature, compositions, K values and compressibility factor values
at pressure values throughout the hydrocarbon dew point curve at
increments of 0.4 bars.
• Two phase composition module: It calculates the two-phase
compositions along with liquid and vapor compressibility factor values,
molecular weights and densities at given conditions and at bubble point
temperatures and dew point temperatures for the given pressure
conditions. Also it gives Equilibrium temperature, compositions, K
values and compressibility factor values at pressure values throughout
the phase envelope including bubble point curve and hydrocarbon dew
point curve at increments of 0.4 bars.
• Phase envelope module: It gives temperature and pressure values for
the complete phase envelope along with plot of phase envelope. It also
provides critical point temperature and pressure values and bubble
point and dew point compositions and properties at critical point. Also it
gives equilibrium temperature, compositions, K values and
compressibility factor values at pressure values throughout the phase
envelope including bubble point curve and hydrocarbon dew point curve
at increments of 0.4 bars.
17. CALCULATION MODULES OF EQ-COMP
Continued from previous slide -
• Water dew point temperature module: It calculates the water
dew point temperature value at given pressure. Also it gives water dew
poin temperature, compositions, K values and compressibility factor
values at pressure values throughout the water dew point curve at
increments of 0.4 bars along with plot of water dew point curve.
• Liquid compressibility factor calculation module: It calculates
liquid compressibility factor values for the provided range of
temperatures and pressures with provided increments in temperatures
and pressures
• Vapor compressibility factor calculation module: It calculates
vapor compressibility factor values for the provided range of
temperatures and pressures with provided increments in temperatures
and pressures
• Binary VLE calculation module: It calculates bubble point
temperature and dew point temperature at desired pressure and phase
envelope data for binary mixtures of same compounds with 9 different
compositions starting from 0 % of one compound to 100 % of that
compound with increments of 12.5 %. It calculates liquid and vapor
compressibility factors, liquid and vapor densities and liquid and vapor
molecular weights on 15 points on concentration diagram (x-y plot)
Further it generates concentration diagram (x-y plot), concentration
diagram (x-y plot) data, temperature-concentration diagram (T-x-y plot),
Temperature-concentration diagram (T-x-y plot) data, Enthalpy-
concentration diagram (H-x-y plot), Enthalpy-concentration diagram (H-
x-y plot) data and critical point locus curve for the binary mixtures.
18. CALCULATION MODULES OF EQ-COMP
Continued from previous slide -
• Thermodynamic properties calculation module: It calculates enthalpy
change from standard conditions, entropy change from standard
conditions, gibbs free energy change from standard conditions, heat
capacity at constant pressure (Cp), heat capacity at constant volume
(Cv), heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv) and Sonic speed at desired pressure
values and correspomding bubble point and dew point temperature
values of hydrocarbon mixture. In addition it calculates temperature,
enthalpy change from standard conditions, entropy change from
standard conditions, gibbs free energy change from standard conditions,
heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp), heat capacity at constant
volume (Cv), heat capacity ratio (Cp/Cv) and Sonic speed at pressure
values throughout the bubble point and dew point curve at increments
of 0.4 bars.
• Composition Profile calculation module: It calculates Equilibrium
temperature, compositions, K values and compressibility factor values
at pressure values throughout the bubble point and dew point curve at
increments of 0.4 bars. Further it calculates bubble point and dew point
temperature/s, compositions, K values, liquid and vapour
compressibility factor values, liquid and vapour densities and liquid and
vapour molecular weights at upto 10 pressure values on the pressure
profile of a pipeline. It also calculates two phase compositions, K values,
liquid and vapour compressibility factor values, liquid and vapour
densities and liquid and vapour molecular weights at upto 10
temperature values and corresponding pressure values on a pipeline.
19. BENEFITS OF EQ-COMP IN COMPARISON
WITH OTHER SIMILAR SOFTWARES
• A conventional simulation software though an extension of EQ-COMP
cost may cost close to a 100,000 USD with various limitations to
number of users and time validity of licence. EQ-COMP is the basis of
some main modules of these simulation softwares. Services of EQ-COMP
can be availed at an extremly low cost on per calculation basis.
• EQ-COMP is offered on software as a service (SAAS) model where ready
results of the queries are provided to the customer as a service. This
way the customer would not have to arrange for infrastructure like a
standalone high-end computer with suitable backend softwares
programs for running and safeguarding the software. Also the customer
would not have to learn how to operate the software as ready results of
the queries would be provided to him through e-mail. The only
requirement for availing the services of EQ-COMP is a valid official e-
mail address to send and receive queries for which any internet enabled
computer can be used. This way the results can be obtained by the
Engineer/ Scientist even when he is not in his office during off hours or
while on site when he can not use his office resources.
• A conventional simulation softwares has number of modules meant for
different industries, all of which may not be required by one client. EQ-
COMP has been specifically designed for hydrocarbon industry
complying specific requirements which can be foreseen before paying for
the services of EQ-COMP.
• EQ-COMP can give almost any result involving hydrocarbon VLE most
accurately using the preferred Peng-Robinson equation of state making
it truly world-class as far as final results of the software are concerned.
20. LIMITATIONS OF EQ-COMP
• The results of EQ-COMP are based on standard chemical engineering
equations. These results may not completely match with experimental
results. So while asking for or using the results it should be kept in
mind that these are just theoretical calculations calculated using
modern computers as calculating them otherwise may not be possible or
may be very difficult.
• As EQ-COMP uses MS Excel for calculations so the results would not be
calculated online but be calculated on a standalone PC based on the
data entered into the form on the website www.eq-comp.com and sent to
our office in New Delhi, INDIA through e-mail by submitting it on the
website. Because of time difference between the country from where
enquiry is send and India, the enquiry may take upto 24 hours to clear.
The final result will be sent through e-mail to the user in the form of an
MS Excel attachment.
• EQ-COMP, though world-class as far as final output is concerned, is a
solo effort using very basic infrastructure and basic software tools like
MS-excel. MS-excel is not designed for such extensive calculations and
plenty of inherent limitations of MS-excel have been overcome in
development of EQ-COMP. Still some areas of improvements and
shortcomings may exist in EQ-COMP which have yet remained
unnoticed The same may be conveyed at info@eq-comp.com.
21. DESIGNER’S/DEVELOPER’S PROFILE
EQ-COMP is the result of more than 10 years of continuous research in
the field of vapour-liquid equilibrium and involves extensive software
development effort to optimize and automate the calculations. It has
been designed and developed by Mr. Amit Katyal who is a Bachelor in
Chemical Engineering from the prestigious Indian Institute of
Technology, Delhi, INDIA. He has a total experience of more than 20
years in hydrocarbon sector in diverse segments like research,
operations, technical services and marketing.
22. HOW TO AVAIL SERVICES OF EQ-COMP
EQ-COMP software is not available for purchase on license basis but is
available for use as per SAAS (Software as a service) model. Services of
EQ-COMP can be availed on per calculation basis. The calculations can
be availed by logging into the VLE Calculator page of the website,
www.eq-comp.com . New users should mention their name and e-mail id
for registering with the website. The password for logging into the VLE
Calculator would be sent to the user at the e-mail ID mentioned while
registration. The request for calculation results may take upto 24 hours
to clear depending on the time difference between the Country of origin
of the request and INDIA as the same would have to be fed into EQ-
COMP application at our office in INDIA for getting the results which will
then be sent to the registered e-mail as an MS Excel attachment.
23. SAMPLE RESULTS FROM EQ-COMP
The phase envelop result for a standard natural gas composition
calculated using EQ-COMP is given below:
Methane : 70 %, Ethane : 15 %, Propane : 8 %
i-Butane : 2 %, n-Butane : 2 %, n-Pentane : 1 %
2 Methyl Butane : 1 %, n-Hexane : 1 %
24. SAMPLE RESULTS FROM EQ-COMP
The phase envelop result for a non-standard composition with high
proportion of non-condensables using EQ-COMP is given below:
Methane : 10%, n-Hexane : 10%, n-Heptane : 10%
n-Octane : 20 %, Nitrogen : 50 %
25. SAMPLE RESULTS FROM EQ-COMP
x-y plot for methane-ethane mixture at 10 bars pressure (generated by
EQ-COMP)
MOLE FRACTION PLOT
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
00.025
0.050.075
0.10.125
0.150.175
0.20.225
0.250.275
0.30.325
0.350.375
0.40.425
0.450.475
0.50.525
0.550.575
0.60.625
0.650.675
0.70.725
0.750.775
0.80.825
0.850.875
0.90.925
0.950.975
1
LIQ MOLE FRACTION - HIGH VOLATILE
VAPMOLEFRACTION-HIGHVOLATILE
BINARY COMPOSITION DATA
26. SAMPLE RESULTS FROM EQ-COMP
T-x-y plot for methane-ethane mixture at 10 bars pressure (generated by
EQ-COMP)
T-x-y DIAGRAM
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
00.025
0.050.075
0.10.125
0.150.175
0.20.225
0.250.275
0.30.325
0.350.375
0.40.425
0.450.475
0.50.525
0.550.575
0.60.625
0.650.675
0.70.725
0.750.775
0.80.825
0.850.875
0.90.925
0.950.975
1
PERCENTAGE
TEMPERATURE(K)
BUBBLE PT TEMPERATURE DEW PT TEMPERATURE