The document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It describes the overall CCS process which involves capturing carbon dioxide at large stationary sources, transporting it, and storing it deep underground. It outlines different capture technologies like pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion. It also discusses various storage options like depleted oil and gas reservoirs, unmineable coal seams, and deep saline formations. The document analyzes a case study of storing CO2 in Indian coal seams and concludes with a review of some techniques that are not economically viable for CCS and proposed alternative techniques.

1. CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE
(CCS)
• Why Carbon Sequestration ?
• Inter Governmental Panel for Climate Change
(IPCC) report 2005
• Role of Petroleum industry in the Process
• Is CCS promising

2. OVERALL CCS PROCESS
• Source location
• Capture process
• Separation process
• Compression
• Transportation
• Injection
• Storage

3. CAPTURE PROCESS
• Pre combustion capture
• Post combustion capture
• Flue gas separation
• Oxy fuel combustion

4. Flue gases
SERATION
BODY co2
air
POWER &
Post HEAT
combustion CO2
REFORMER POWER & co2 COMPRESSION
+ CO2 SEP HEAT DEHYDRATION
TRANSPORTATION
Pre POWER &
combustion HEAT co2
AIR
Oxy fuel
SEPRATION
air
UNIT

5. POST COMBUSTION CAPTURE
• Designed to separate co2 from flue gas
produced by fossil fuel combustion
• Present technology
– Amino acid absorption
– Monoethanolamine absorption

6. PRE COMBUSTION CAPTURE
• Fuel is combusted in presence of oxygen
• Used in coal gasification combined cycle
power plants
• Highly conc CO2 obtained
• CO2 containing steam is at elevated pressure

7. STORAGE OPTIONS
• Geological storage
– Depleted oil and gas reservoir
– Enhanced oil recovery
– Unmineable coal seams
– Deep saline formations
• Ocean storage
As dissolved co2
As co2 lake

8. •Depleted oil & gas reservoir
•Most widely used currently
•Disposing acid gas & other byproduct of
oil &gas exploration
•Reservoir should be isolated and have
sufficient porosity
•Enhanced oil recovery
mature technology
co2 temporary stored

9. • Unmineable coal seams
– CO2 can enhance coal bed methane recovery
– Methane removal offset the cost of CO2
storage operation
• Deep saline formations
– These reservoirs are widely spread
– CO2 density depends on depth of injection
– Either trapped in cap rock above aquifer
– Or CO2 may be dissolved by reacting

10. • Ocean storage
– Largest potential sink for CO2
– 40,000 gtc in ocean & 750 gtc in atm
– If CO2 released below 3000m it will sink and
form CO2 lake
– If injected at 1500-3000 m it will dissolve in
ocean water
– Can be injected in form of bicarbonate ion at
>200m

12. CCS IN INDIAN COAL SEAMS
(A case study)
• India has huge coal reserve
• Unmineable coal seam as large potential for
CBM
• CO2 replaces CBM
• 99% of Indian coal reserve belong to
Gondwana basin
• 4 category of coal basin

13. • Coal has dual porosity (macro pore & micro
pore )
• Coal has extra affinity for CO2 than methane
• Study was conducted on 3000ft * 2400ft *
30ft block
• CO2 injected in block
• Cumulative gas injection for 20 yr depicted

14. •Rate of gas injection is
high during initial years
•Peak is obtained within
months of injection
Cumulative CO2 injection with time

15. Cumulative CBM production with time Rate of water production with time
•Injection of co2 provides extra drive mechanism
for methane release

16. • Water production rate shows decline
• After few months reservoir is dry
• Now CBM can be released by gas injection
only
• CO2 is best option

17. Review of some techniques
economically not suited to CCS
• Adsorption
• Self assembled nanoporous materials
• Membrane process
• Cryogenic or refrigeration oriented

18. PROPOSED TECHNIQUES
1.Fast shaking truck
– Use of transition metals for adsorption
– Sonic chemistry for desorption
2. PH swing
• PH maintained alkaline

19. 3. Melting point swing
• Salt hydrate used

20. CONCLUSION
• Economic
• Technical
• Environmental
• Social

21. REFRENCES
• David Thomas & Sally Benson CO2 capture and storage project, 2005,
• CCS from fossil fuel use, Massachuesetts institute of technology, Howard Herzog & Dan
Golomb
• American petroleum institute, compendium for green house gas emission
Methodologies for oil & gas industry
• V.Vishal, T.N Singh, IIT, Carbon capture and storage Indian coal seams, CMTC 151614,
feb 2012
• K.Ritter, S. Crookshank, API, Carbon capture and storage, CMTC151437, feb 2012
• J.Gholinezad, Heriot-watt universuity, pre combustion captur of co2 from capture from
synthesis gas mixture , SPE143580, may 2011
• A.A.Espie, BP Exploration, co2 capture and storage: contributing to sustainable world
growth, IPTC 10936, nov2005
• J.P.Cifemo, national energy technology laboratory, US DOE , post combustion carbon
capture R&D programme, CMTC 151635, feb 2012
• S.Wong, W.D.Gunter, Alberta research council, Economics of co2 sequestration in CBM
reservoirs, SPE 59785, april 2000
• H.Ida, M.Ono, N.Takasu, National Institute of advanced industrial science/technology,
CO2 capture technology using semi-clathrate hydrates. CMTC 151123, feb 2012

22. By
Manish Kumar
Ramanand
Dept of Petroleum engg.