The seminar discusses carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration (CCS) technologies. It identifies major sources of CO2 emissions and explains the CCS process involving carbon capture, transportation, and storage. Methods of carbon capture discussed include pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-combustion approaches. Storage options covered are terrestrial sequestration in plants/soil, geological sequestration underground, and ocean sequestration. The seminar also addresses environmental impacts of CCS, the current maturity of CCS systems, and the potential of direct air capture technologies to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels.

1. A SEMINAR ON
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING
&
SEQUESTRATION (CCS)
JUSTIN K GEORGE
ME CHEMICAL
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
AISSMS COE PUNE

2. Objectives
 Identify the major sources of CO2
 To understand the CCS process
 CCS methods
 Impact of CCS on environment
 Advantages & disadvantages of CCS
 To understand the DAC process

3. Introduction
 CO2 is one of the major greenhouse gas
 IPCC report illustrate the estimated CO2 emission ranges are,
from 29 to 44GtCO2/year in 2020 &
from 23 to 84GtCO2/year in 2050
Projected potential of CO2 capture (CCS) is,
2.6 to 4.9GtCO2/year in 2020 ,i.e. 9-12% of emission &
4.7 to 37.5GtCO2/year in 2050 ,i.e. 4.7-37.5% of emission
 Several researches are now going on CCS

4. CO2 Cycle

5. Physical & Chemical Properties of CO2
• Appearance, Odor and State: Colorless and odorless. A slightly acid
gas. It is felt by some to have a slight pungent odor and biting taste.
• Molecular Weight: 44.01
• Gas Density (at 70°F (21.1 °C) and 1 atm ):1.832 kg/ m3
• Vapor Pressure (at 70°F (21.1°C)): 838 psig
• Specific Gravity (Air =1): 1.522
• Specific Volume (at 21.1°C and1atm):0.5457 m3 /kg
• Boiling Point: -109.3 °F (-78.5 °C)
• Triple Point (At 60.4 psig): -69.9 °F (-56.6 °C)
• Solubility In Water (Vol./Vol. at 20 °C): 0.90

6. Major Sources of CO2

7. Carbon Capture Technology
1. Pre-combustion carbon capture
2. Post-combustion carbon capture
3. Oxy-combustion carbon capture

11. CO2 Separation Techniques
• Chemical and physical absorption
• Physical and chemical adsorption
• Low-temperature distillation
• Gas-separation membranes

12. Carbon Sequestration
Ways that carbon can be stored (sequestered):
 In plants and soil “Terrestrial Sequestration” (“carbon
sinks”)
 Underground “Geological Sequestration”
 Deep in ocean “Ocean Sequestration”
 As a solid material (still in development)

13. Terrestrial Sequestration
 Through photosynthesis & stored as carbon in biomass &
soils.

14. Geological Sequestration
Types of Rocks
1. Sedimentary Rock
2. Igneous Rock
3. Metamorphic Rock
- Injection of liquid CO2 in a depths more than 1 km;

16. Ocean Sequestration
Dissolution type & Lake type

17. CCS: Environmental Impacts
 Ground water quality degradation
 Resource damage (hydrocarbon resources)
 Ecosystem degradation(Marine & Terrestrial)
 Public safety
 Release to atmosphere
 In ocean storage carbon dioxide reacts with water to form acid
 Leakages pose local risks to health and ecosystems.

18. Current Maturity of CCS System

19. Direct Air Capture (DAC)
 Carbon Engineering -Canadian company (2009
- generation of ultra low carbon intensity liquid fuels.
 CEs technology includes two processes
1. an air contactor
2. a regeneration cycle

24. • CCS is one of the important measures that will make a significant
impact on reducing CO2 emissions.
• CCS implementation is picking up pace internationally ,
 Several activities have been initiated worldwide in the development of
CO2 capture for power generation industry.
• DAC- CEs Technology gives future scope
• CCS can make impact on climate change
Conclusion

25. References
 Gibbins, J., Chalmers, H. (2007). Preparing for global rollout: A ‘developed country
first’ demonstration programme for rapid CCS deployment. Energy Policy.
doi:10.1016/j.enol.2007.10.021.
 Jose ´ D. Figueroa, Timothy Fout- Advances in CO2 capture technology—The U.S.
Department of Energy’s Carbon Sequestration Program.
 United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, http://www.ipcc.ch/
 International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org
 World Coal Institute, http://www.worldcoal.org/
 European Zero Emission Playfom, http://www.zeroemissionsplatform.eu/
 www.carbonengineering.com
 Pankaj Patware , Girish Thakur- A Roadmap For “Carbon Capture And Sequestration”
 In The Indian Context: A critical Review, 2013
 Sean I. Plasynski ,US DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory -Review of coz
capture technologies and some improvement opportunities.
 James T. Yeh and Henry W. Pennline ,National Energy Technology Laboratory,U.S.
Department of Energy-Study of CO, Absorption and Desorption in a Packed Column