Capture of carbondioxide , entrapement of Co2
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This document summarizes a seminar presentation on carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. It discusses how CO2 emissions have rapidly increased due to population growth and energy consumption. There are three main options to reduce CO2 emissions: improving energy efficiency, switching to non-fossil fuel energy sources, and developing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. The document then describes the three main methods of CCS - pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion. It also discusses transporting the captured CO2 via pipelines and storing it underground through geo-sequestration in depleted oil fields, aquifers, and other rock formations. The advantages and disadvantages of CCS technologies are
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This document discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, including three main methods of capturing carbon (pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion), transportation of captured carbon (typically via pipelines), and storage (such as in depleted oil fields, aquifers, or by mineralization). It outlines the advantages of CCS in reducing carbon emissions by 80-90% compared to plants without CCS. However, it also notes environmental impacts such as oceans becoming more acidic if carbon is stored there, and potential health and ecosystem effects of leakage at land-based storage sites.
239807518 ccs-report-for-print
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carbon capture storage.pdf
As that known carbon dioxide recorded high level of this last years and as agreed in IPCC, that must take serious steps to prevent it and, carbon capture storage is the best candidate thing that has can be done to this issue.
Environmental Friendly Coal Power Plants
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a three-step process to reduce carbon dioxide emissions: 1) Capture CO2 from power plants or industrial processes, 2) Transport captured CO2 via pipelines or ships, 3) Inject CO2 deep underground for long-term storage. CCS has potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-90% and enable continued use of fossil fuels for electricity generation while mitigating climate change. However, CCS also faces challenges of high costs and uncertainties around long-term storage and potential leakage of injected CO2.
Environmental Friendly Coal Power Plants
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a three-step process to reduce carbon dioxide emissions: 1) Capture CO2 from power plants or industrial processes, 2) Transport captured CO2 via pipelines or ships, 3) Inject CO2 deep underground for long-term storage. CCS has potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-90% and enable continued use of fossil fuels for electricity generation while mitigating climate change. However, CCS also faces challenges of high costs and uncertainties around long-term storage and potential leakage of injected CO2.
Eliminating Carbon Footprint in Power Generation From Fossil Fuels
Oil industry have developed technologies for benefiting from CO2 injection Enhanced oil Recovery (EOR). Drilling CO2 producers and injectors, transportation and compression of CO2 for injection into oil reservoirs, and separation of CO2 from the produced gas streams. These technologies are needed to separate CO2 from flue gas of fossil-powered power stations and disposal in saline aquifers. Then electrification of our cars, homes, offices and factories, where possible, would allow for a balanced energy mix with a low carbon foot print for the nation. A survey of other related technologies and pilot projects are also offered.
Carbon capture & storage
This seminar presentation discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. It explains that CCS involves three main steps: collection by capturing CO2 through pre-combustion, post-combustion, or oxy-fuel combustion systems; transportation via pipelines or ships; and storage underground or underwater. Currently, only four CCS projects are operating worldwide, capturing a total of around 63 million tons of CO2. Challenges for CCS include potential leakages, need for infrastructure and monitoring, and high costs. More research is still needed to improve security and reduce costs of CCS technology.
CO2 Between Disposal and Utilization
This document summarizes information about carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and potential solutions. It discusses that CO2 is the most significant greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. There are currently two main options for dealing with captured CO2 - sequestration, which involves storing it underground, and utilization, which involves using CO2 for various industrial purposes. Sequestration relies on trapping mechanisms like residual, solubility, and mineral trapping to securely store CO2 underground. Utilization options include using CO2 for enhanced oil recovery in the petroleum industry. Overall the document provides an overview of the issues around CO2 emissions and some potential technical solutions.
Carbon Capture & Storage
This document presents information on carbon capture and storage (CCS). It defines CCS as a process to separate CO2 from large industrial sources, transport it, and store it long-term to isolate it from the atmosphere. It discusses why CCS is needed to address rising CO2 levels and potential climate change. It also outlines the key components of CCS - carbon capture techniques, storage options like depleted oil/gas fields and saline aquifers, and costs. Finally, it briefly describes some existing CCS projects around the world.
Carbon sequestartion.ppt
This document discusses various methods of carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change, including capturing CO2 from power plant flue gases using chemical absorption with amines, enhancing soil carbon through agricultural practices like no-till farming, storing CO2 in geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and increasing terrestrial carbon sinks in forests, soils, and other ecosystems. The large-scale potential of carbon sequestration makes it an important tool for reducing CO2 emissions while still allowing continued fossil fuel usage.
CARBON ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGY(CAT)
This document discusses carbon abatement technology, including capturing carbon through methods like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and biomass co-firing. It also discusses reducing CO2 through processes like bio-energy with CCS and biochar. Additional topics covered include scrubbing flue gases to separate CO2, transporting captured CO2 through pipelines or ships, and storing carbon through geological sequestration. The document concludes that carbon abatement technologies have been demonstrated but major costs come from equipment, energy penalties of CCS, and transporting and storing CO2.
Carbon capture and carbon towers and storage
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that captures carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power plants and other industries to prevent them from entering the atmosphere. There are three main methods of carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion. Once captured, the carbon dioxide can be stored underground in geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or saline aquifers. CCS has the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 80-90% but increases energy requirements and costs for power plants. Safe, long-term storage and potential environmental impacts of leakage remain concerns for widespread adoption of CCS.
Carbon capture and stoage (ccs)
This document provides an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. It discusses how CCS aims to reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants and other large point sources by capturing the CO2 produced, transporting it, and storing it underground. The document outlines different CO2 capture methods including post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. It also discusses various CO2 separation techniques and the transportation and storage of captured CO2 in geological formations. Risks associated with CCS are mentioned along with some conclusions about the role of CCS in reducing greenhouse gases and the need for further research.
070821carbon.ppt
This document summarizes information about carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. It discusses how CCS works to capture carbon dioxide at large emission sources like power plants and store it underground. Storage options include geological formations like saline aquifers and depleted oil/gas fields. The document also provides examples of existing CCS projects and discusses concerns about safety and leakage of stored carbon dioxide. It notes that CCS could reduce emissions from power plants by 80-90% but increase costs by 30-60% and that a variety of solutions including CCS, efficiency and renewables will be needed to address climate change.
Clean Coal Technology, It's Challenges and Future Scope
1) Clean coal technology aims to reduce the environmental impact of coal energy generation by capturing emissions like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury through various methods.
2) Key technologies include pre-combustion capture which involves coal gasification, post-combustion capture of emissions from exhaust gases, and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) which converts coal into synthesis gas for energy production and carbon capture.
3) Future areas of focus are improving efficiency and reducing costs of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to address challenges like delivering solutions quickly enough to avoid dangerous climate change.
Controling Co2
The document discusses the need to control CO2 emissions and various methods for doing so. It explains that CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and are causing global climate change. It then outlines different technologies for capturing CO2 from power plants, such as solvent absorption and membrane separation. Finally, it discusses options for storing captured CO2 underground or in the oceans and shifting to non-fossil energy sources like solar, wind and geothermal to reduce CO2 emissions.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
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Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage.docx
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from sources like power plants and factories, transporting it, and storing it underground to prevent it from entering the atmosphere and contributing to global warming. CCS aims to address the large volumes of CO2 produced by industries that account for much of the world's greenhouse gas emissions. The CCS process typically consists of three stages - capturing CO2, transporting it via pipelines, and injecting it into geological formations like depleted oil and gas reservoirs for secure, long-term storage. While CCS faces challenges like costs and public acceptance, it offers a promising solution for reducing emissions and enabling continued fossil fuel use during the transition to renewable energy.
Similar to Capture of carbondioxide , entrapement of Co2 (20)
Eliminating Carbon Footprint in Power Generation From Fossil Fuels
Eliminating Carbon Footprint in Power Generation From Fossil Fuels
Clean Coal Technology, It's Challenges and Future Scope
Clean Coal Technology, It's Challenges and Future Scope
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
More from Shylesh M
Topological manupilation of DNA.pptx
The topology of DNA is defined by how the two complementary single strand are intertwined
DNA in a relax state usually assumes the B-Conformation with10.6 bp per turn
DNA is subjected to bends or opening of DNA over winding or unwinding, its base pair turn changes and the DNA is subjected to stress and strain
DNA Topology also encompasses super coiling
RNA – i PATHWAY
RNA interference [ RNAi] is a sequence mechanism , triggered by the introduction of ds RNA leading to mRNA degradation
It results in switching the targeted gene on and off at transcriptional or post transcriptional level3
The long double stranded RNAs enter a cellular pathway that is known as RNA interference pathway .
First ds RNAs get processed into 20-25 nucleotides small interfering RNAs [siRNAs] by an enzyme Dicer .
Small interfering RNAs assemble into RNA induced silencing complexes [RISCs] ,unwinding in the process.
The siRNAs strands subsequently guide the RISCs complementary RNA molecules , where they cleave and destroy the RNA .
Cleavage of RNA takes place near the middle of the region bound by siRNA strand .
This results into mRNA Degradation.
Gene knockdown
Double stranded RNA is synthesized with a sequence complementary to a gene of interest and introduced into a cell organism ,where it is recognized as exogenous genetic material and activates the RNAi pathway .
Using this mechanism, researchers can cause drastic decrease in the expresssion of targeted gene .
Since RNAi may not totally abolish expression of the gene , this technique is referred to as knockdown.
Morphology Of Viruses : Viruses, structure and characteristics
Viruses can be extremely simple in design, consisting of nuclei acid
surrounded by the protein coat as a capsid.
The capsid is composed of smaller protein components
referred to as capsomeres.
The capsid along with genome combination
is called a nucleocapsid.
The viruses can also posses additional components,
with most common being an additional membranous layer
that surrounds nucleocapsid called an envelope.
This envelope is actually acquired from the nuclear or
plasma membrane of the infected host cell and then
Modified with viral protein called peplomere.
A complete virus, with all the components needed for
host cell to cause infection is referred to as virions.
Viruses come in many shapes and sizes, but these are consistent
and distinct for each viral family.
The morphology of virus include size, shapes, genetic constituents,
and the nuclear envelope
An infective agent that typically consist of a nuclei acid molecule In protein coat, it is too small can not visible through naked eyes and even by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
These are about 100 times smaller than bacteria and can only be observed by electron microscope.
These are small obligate intracellular parasites, which Contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus protein coat.
These are acellular, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characters of living beings except the ability to replicate. And they infect all types of cells :- humans, animals, plants, bacteria, yeast, protozoa, etc.
VIRAL SIZE:-
These are much smaller than bacteria for a time
they were know as’filterable agents’ as they can pass through
filters that can hold back bacteria.
They can not be seen under light microscope hence
called as'ultramicroscopic‘. These viral particles seen in this
manner are know as ‘elementary bodies’.
The size ranges:- 5-300nanometer.
In recent years a number of viruses including mimivirus length of
virus up to 600nm,and Pandoravirus Ranges from 50-100nm
In length have been identified.
Most viruses vary in diameter from 250-400nm;the largest,
however measure about 500nm in diameter and are about 700-1,000nm in length.
Paramyxoviruses can be up to 14,000nm long, Rotavirus particles measures 76.5nm in diameter.
Viruses, VIRAL STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY
Glyoxylate cycle PATHWAYS REACTION
A series of metabolic reactions by which many different organism utilise fats for the synthesis of carbohydrate
Another Process Involving Glycolytic Enzymes and Metabolites
Anabolic metabolic pathway occurring in plants, and several
microorganisms , fungi not animals.
Occurs in glyoxysome
The enzymes common to the TCA cycle and the glyoxysomes are isoenzymes, one specific to mitochondria and the other to glyoxysomes.
The glyoxylate cycle allows plants to use acetyl-CoA derived from β-oxidation of fatty acids for carbohydrate synthesis (use fats for the synthesis of carbohydrates).
The glyoxylate cycle is a cyclic pathway that result in conversion of 2 carbon fragment of Acetyl CoA TO 4 carbon compound succinate then succinate is covert to oxaloacetate and then glucose involving the reaction of gluconeogenesis
VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION , LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUSES. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
VIRUSES
LIFE CYCLE OF BACTERIOPHAGES
The word virus is derived from Latin word venom which means poisonous fluid that causes infection.
The branch of science that deals with the study of viruses is called Virology. It is the branch of Microbiology.
They show living characters inside the host and non living characters outside the host.
They contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
They have different size and shape. They cause diseases in plants, animals and micro-organisms .
Not cellular
Cannot carry on metabolic activities independently.
Contain either DNA or RNA, not both ( true cells contain both ).
Lack ribosomes and enzymes necessary for protein synthesis.
Reproduce only within cells they infect.
CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect:
Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV.
Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus.
Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.
Based on the viral envelope
Named after David Baltimore, a noble prize winning biologist n 1971.
1. dsDNA viruses Eg: Adenoviruses, Herpiviruses.
2. ssDNA viruses Eg: Paravoviruses.
3. dsRNA viruses Eg: Reoviruses.
4. (+)ssRNA viruses Eg: Picornaviruses.
5. (-)ssRNA viruses Eg: Orthomyxoviruses.
6. ssRNA-RT viruses Eg: Retroviruses.
7. dsDNA-RT viruses Eg: Hepadnaviruses.
Tobacco mosaic:
Causative agent: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Symptoms: The leaves of infected plants develop mosaic patches ,it is due to destruction of chlorophyll or due to production of abnormal chlorophyll .blisters appear in the region of dark green spots these may be regular or irregular in advanced stages leaves curl and get distorted.
Adsorption of the virion to the bacterial cell.
Penetration and decoating of the nucleic acid .
Protein synthesis.
Breakdown of bacterial DNA.
Arrest of host cell development.
Replication of phage DNA.
Maturation of infective progeny.
Lysis and release of newly formed phages.
Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect:
Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV.
Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus.
Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.
SDS- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
What is SDS?
Preparation of Gel
Process of SDS-PAGE
Visualization of protein bands
SDS-PAGE is differentiated into two systems.
*continuous sds-page
*discontinuous sds-page.
Polyacrylamide is used to form a gel, a matrix of a pores which allow the molecules migrate at different rates.
Negatively charged detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Used to denature and linearize the proteins
Coated the proteins with negatively charged.
SDS-page is a technique that used to separate proteins according to their molecular size through the gel.
Proteins are unfolded and migrate from cathode to anode terminal at different rates.
Molecular weight is determined by compare the result with a standard curve of relative motility of standard proteins.
Visualizes the band under UV light.
Types of stains;
Coomassie Blue;
* Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining The Coomassie dyes R-250 and G-250 bind to proteins stoichiometrically through their sulfonic acid groups.
* . The interactions between dye and protein are Van der Waals and ionic. The sulfonic acid groups interact with positive amine groups. Therefore coomassie dye binds to wide range of proteins.
* Limited to ~100ng of protein.
Silver stain;
*most sensitive test
*detection limit 0.1-1.0ng of protein
The size of pores is determined by the concentration of acrylamide.
The higher the concentration, the smaller the size of pores.
Discontinuos sds-page consist of two different gels.
*stacking gel -4%of acrylamide
*separating gel-range from 5-15% of acrylamide.
SOLID WASTE AND MANAGEMENT BIO GAS PRODUCTION
Source And Management
Agriculture
Fisheries
Household
Commercial and Industry
MANAGEMENT :-
Storage
Collection
Transport and Handling
Recyling
Biogas production
Biogas production from biomass is an anaerobic process.
The anaerobic digestion is usually carried out by using are referred to as anaerobic digesters.
A digester may be made up of concrete bricks and cement or steel, usually built underground.
The digester has an inlet attached to a mixing tank feeding cow dung.
The methanogenic bacteria from another digester are also added with cow dung.
The digester is attached to a movable gas holding or storage tank with a gas outlet.
The used slurry comes out from the digester through an outlet. This can be used as a manure.
Process of Biogas production
By products of Sugar Industries
Molasses
Molasses is a viscous by product of refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar.
It contain solids, sucrose and reducing sugars.
Total sugar content is 45-55%. Hence it is a valuable raw material for the producton of many value added products.
India has the largest chemical industry in the world using sugarcane molasses to produce acetaldehyde, acetic acid, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber etc.
Citric acid is produced easily from molasses by submerged fermentation.
Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
It is a dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugarcane.
Bagasse is used as a biofuel and in manufacture of pulp and building materials.
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS
Primary structure of protein
Secondary structure of protein
Tertiary structure of protein
Quaternary structure of protein
Methods to determine protein structure
Conclusion
References
METHODS TO DETERMINE PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids.
The amino acids are held together in a protein by
covalent peptide bonds or linkages.
A peptide bond are formed when amino group of an
amino acid combines with the carboxyl group of another.
The conformation of polypeptide chain by twisting or folding is referred to as secondary structure.
Two types of secondary structures α-helix and β-sheet are mainly identified.
α-Helical structure was proposed by Pauling and Corey in 1951.
It occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds.
Each turn of α-helix contains 3.6 amino acids.
β-pleated sheets are composed of two or more segments of fully extended peptide chains.
β-Sheets may be arranged either in parallel or anti-parallel direction.
Many globular proteins contain combinations of α-helix and β-pleated sheet secondary structure, these patterns are called supersecondary structures also called motifs.
The three dimensional arrangement of protein structure is referred to as tertiary structure.
It is a compact structure with hydrophobic side chains held interior while the hydrophilic groups are on the surface.
This type of arrangement provide stability of the molecule.
Besides the H-bongs, disulfide bonds, ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions also contribute to the tertiary structure.
Biochemical Evidence For dna As Genetic Material
Biochemical Evidence For dna As Genetic Material
What is genetic material The genetic information in all cell is stored in DNA ,Discovery of Transformation in Bacteria , The transforming principle is DNA , HERSHEY & CHASE (1952) EXPERIMENT WITH T2 BACTERIOPHAGE, Summary of Hershey & Chase (1952 ) experiment
PRIONS AND VIROIDS
PRIONS AND VIROIDS , Diseases caused by Prions General properties , REPLICATION OF VIROIDS , viorids is 2 types
Vitamine B1 Thaimine Pyrophosphate
This document summarizes information about vitamin B1 (thiamine) and its active coenzyme form, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). It discusses the history of thiamine discovery and its chemical structure. Thiamine is converted to TPP in the liver and intestinal mucosa by the enzyme thiamine pyrophosphokinase using ATP. TPP acts as a coenzyme, transferring aldehyde groups in metabolic reactions. Sources of thiamine are mentioned and a deficiency can cause beriberi. Functions include roles in growth, nervous system maintenance, and metabolism.
STAINING TECHNIQUES AND TYPES PROCEDURE.
This document discusses various staining techniques used in microscopy to visualize bacteria and other microscopic organisms. It describes different types of stains including simple stains that color all structures the same and differential stains that color different structures differently. Specific staining techniques are explained, including Gram staining to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, acid-fast staining for mycobacteria, and endospore staining. The document provides details on procedures, requirements, and results for common staining methods.
FERMENTATION TYPES .
This document summarizes two main types of fermentation processes: solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation. Solid state fermentation occurs without free water and uses natural raw materials like grains as the carbon source to cultivate microorganisms. Submerged fermentation uses a liquid substrate and is best for microbes that require high moisture. Both methods have various applications, with solid state fermentation used for producing enzymes, biopesticides, and in bioremediation, while submerged fermentation is common in industrial manufacturing.
HUMAN CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS.
Chromosomal aberrations refer to changes in chromosome structure or number. The document discusses various types of structural aberrations like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations, and numerical aberrations involving changes in ploidy. Karyotype analysis involves staining and arranging chromosomes to identify aberrations. Abnormal karyotypes can lead to diseases like Down syndrome, Patau syndrome, and Cri du chat syndrome. The normal human karyotype contains 22 pairs of autosomes and an XX or XY sex chromosome complement.
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Morphology Of Viruses : Viruses, structure and characteristics
Morphology Of Viruses : Viruses, structure and characteristics
VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION , LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUSES. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION , LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUSES. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
HUMAN CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS.
HUMAN CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS AND KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS.
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This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
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genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
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during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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Capture of carbondioxide , entrapement of Co2
- 1. PADMASHREE INSTITUTE OF MANEGMENT AND SCIENCE. Seminar topic on • Entrapment of Co2 ; Presented by; Shylesh murthy I .A 2Ndyr Msc biotechnology PIMS
- 2. INTRODUCTION The 20th century has seen the rapid increase of population and explosive growth in energy consumption. As more countries becoming industrialized, it is expected that more energy will be consumed in 21st century.
- 3. Table 1 shows the comparisons of energy use, population and per capita consumption in 1900 and 2001 (Song,2006). In current stage over 85 percent of world energy demand is supplied by fossil fuels. Fossil-fueled power plants are responsible for roughly 40 percent of total CO2 emissions, coal-fired plants being the main contributor. This includes the combustion of fossil fuels in all major industries and other factors such as deforestation and desertification. Among these GHG, CO2 is the largest contributor in regard of its amount present in the atmosphere contributing to 60 percent of global warming effects , although methane and chlorofluorocarbons have much higher green house effect as per mass of gases. There are increasing concerns for global warming caused by the effects of particularly CO2.
- 4. There are three options to reduce total CO2 emission into the atmosphere, i.e., to reduce energy intensity, to reduce carbon intensity, and to enhance the sequestration of CO2. I. The first option requires efficient use of energy. II. The second option requires switching to using non-fossil fuels such as hydrogen and renewable energy. III. The third option involves the development of technologies to capture and sequester more CO2.
- 5. WHATISCARBONCAPTURE .? • CCS isatechnology that will attempt to prevent large quantities of CO2from being releasedinto the atmosphere from theuseof fossil fuels in power generation andother industries. • It isoften regardedasameansofmitigating the contribution of fossil fuel emissionsto globalwarming.
- 8. CAPTURINGCARBON • Thereareessentiallythree waystocapture the carbondioxide from a powerplant: • Beforethe fuel isburned(precombustion), • After the fuel isburned (postcombustion),or • By burning the fuel in more oxygen and storing all the gases producedasaresult (oxyfuel).
- 9. PRECOMBUSTION • In precombustion, the aim isto remove the carbon fromcoal fuel beforeit's burned. Thecoalisreacted with oxygen to makesyngas (synthesisgas),a mixture of carbon monoxideand hydrogen gases.The hydrogen canbe removed and either burned directly asfuel or compressedand stored for use. • In fuel-cell cars.Water is addedto the carbon monoxide to make carbon dioxide (which isstored) and additional hydrogen,which is added to the hydrogen previously removed.
- 11. POSTCOMBUSTION • In postcombustion, we're trying to remove carbon dioxide from apower station's output afterafuel hasbeen burned. That meanswaste gaseshaveto be captured andscrubbed cleanof their CO2before they travel up smokestacks. • Thescrubbing isdone by passingthe gasesthrough ammonia, which isthen blasted cleanwith steam, releasingthe CO2for storage.
- 14. OXYFUEL • Powerplants don't producepure CO2:because there's often not enoughoxygenfor complete combustion they produceother pollutantgasesaswell. • Onewayto purify the exhaustisto blow extra oxygeninto the furnace sothe fuel burns completely producingrelatively pure steamand CO2. • Oncethe steamisremoved(bycoolingand condensingit to makewater), theCO2canbe stored.
- 15. • TRANSPORTATION • After capture, the CO2would havetobe transported to suitable storagesites. • Thisisdonebypipeline, which isgenerally the cheapestform of transport. • Aconveyorbelt systemor shipcouldalsobe utilized fortransport.
- 16. STORINGCARBON
- 17. • Storingcarbondioxide under Earth'ssurfaceis calledgeo-sequestration andusesthings like workedout oil fields, aquifers,or other rock formations deepunderground. • StoringCO2byreacting itwith minerals,though that requiresalotmore energy.
- 18. ADVANTAGES • CCS applied to amodern conventionalpower plant could reduce CO2emissionsto the atmosphereby80-90%comparedto aplant without CCS. • the solventsusedto capture CO2from the flue gaseswill remove somenitrogenoxides andsulphuroxides.
- 19. DISADVANTAGES • Increasesignificantly the emissionsof acidgas pollutants. • Capturing and compressing C02 requires much energy and would increase the fuel needs of a coal-fired plant with CCS by25-40%..
- 31. 1. "Photobioreactor - Definition, Glossary, Details - Oilgae". Glossary. Oilgae. Retrieved 2015-03-10. 2. Spolaore. P.; et al. (2006). "Commercial Applications of Microalgae". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 102 (2): 87–96. 3. Carbon Capture and Storage: The solution for deep emissions reductions, International Energy Agency (IEA), 2015. 4. “Technology Innovation and Climate Change Policy: An overview of issues and options,” submitted (in review) Keio Journal of Economics to mark the retirement of Professor Mitsusune Yamaguchi Michael Grubb. 5. “Searching for the Holy Grail of Carbon Separation and Capture for Power Generation,” The Energy Collective, September 10, 2013, by Jim Pierobon. 6. “CO2 Removal from Natural Gas,” Membrane Technology and Research Inc. website, October 14, 2016 REFRENCES