This seminar presentation discusses carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. It explains that CCS involves three main steps: collection by capturing CO2 through pre-combustion, post-combustion, or oxy-fuel combustion systems; transportation via pipelines or ships; and storage underground or underwater. Currently, only four CCS projects are operating worldwide, capturing a total of around 63 million tons of CO2. Challenges for CCS include potential leakages, need for infrastructure and monitoring, and high costs. More research is still needed to improve security and reduce costs of CCS technology.

1. A
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE
PRESENTED BY :
NARENDRA YERUVA
&
SASANK KOLLA

2. GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS DATA MAP

3. WHY ARE CO2 EMISSIONS BAD ?
• THE MAJOR THREAT FROM INCREASED CO2 IN THE ATMOSPHERE IS
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT. CO2 IS A GREENHOUSE GAS. IT TRAPS
THE SUN'S ENERGY AS IT STRIKES THE EARTH, WARMING THE
ATMOSPHERE. AN INCREASE IN CO2 CAN INCREASE TEMPERATURES
FURTHER, CAUSING CHANGES IN WEATHER PATTERNS.
• ACCORDING TO THE EPA, HUMANS RELEASE 30 BILLION TONS OF
CO2 INTO THE ATMOSPHERE EVERY YEAR. BECAUSE EACH CO2
MOLECULE MIGHT LAST FOR UP TO 200 YEARS, THIS CARBON
OVERLOAD CAN HAVE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES.

4. WHAT IS CARBON CAPTURE AND
STORAGE(C.C.S.) ?
• CCS IS A TECHNOLOGY TO PREVENT LARGE QUANTITIES OF
CARBON DIOXIDE OR CO2 FROM BEING RELEASED INTO THE
ATMOSPHERE BY CAPTURING CO2 AND STORING IT THAT IT DOES
NOT ENTER THE ATMOSPHERE.

5. CCS SYSTEM
• THIS TECHNOLOGY MAINLY INVOLVES THREE STEPS
1. COLLECTION(CAPTURING)
2. TRANSPORTATION
3. TAMPING(STORING)

6. CARBON CAPTURE
• CAPTURING OF CO2 IS OF THREE TYPES
1. PRE-COMBUSTION CAPTURE SYSTEM
2. POST-COMBUSTION CAPTURE SYSTEM
3. OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION CAPTURE SYSTEM

7. PRE-COMBUSTION CAPTURE SYSTEM
• IN THIS PROCESS THE CARBON DIOXIDE IS REMOVED BEFORE COMBUSTION
TAKES PLACE.
• IN THESE CASES, THE FOSSIL FUEL IS PARTIALLY OXIDIZED, FOR INSTANCE IN A
GASIFIER.
• THE RESULTING SYNGAS (CO AND H2O) IS SHIFTED INTO CO2 AND MORE H2.
• THE RESULTING CO2 CAN BE CAPTURED FROM A RELATIVELY PURE EXHAUST
STREAM. THE H2 CAN NOW BE USED AS FUEL.
• THE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRE-COMBUSTION IS WIDELY APPLIED IN FERTILIZER,
CHEMICAL, GASEOUS FUEL (H2, CH4), AND POWER PRODUCTION.

8. POST-COMBUSTION CAPTURE SYSTEM
• THE CO2 IS REMOVED AFTER COMBUSTION OF THE FOSSIL FUEL.
• THIS IS THE SCHEME THAT WOULD BE APPLIED TO FOSSIL-FUEL BURNING
POWER PLANTS.
• CARBON DIOXIDE IS CAPTURED FROM FLUE GASES AT POWER STATIONS OR
OTHER LARGE POINT SOURCES.
• THE TECHNOLOGY IS WELL UNDERSTOOD AND IS CURRENTLY USED IN OTHER
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS.

9. OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION CAPTURE
SYSTEM• FUEL IS BURNED IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN.
• THAN IT ELIMINATES THE NITROGEN FROM THE FLUE GASES.
• COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 35000C.
• THE NET FLUE GAS HAVE 80-90% CO2.
• THE EFFICIENCY OF OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION CAPTURE SYSTEM IS NEAR ABOUT
100%.

10. TRANSPORTATION OF CO2
• CO2 IS TRANSPORTED IN THREE STATES
1. GAS
2. LIQUID
3. SOLID
• TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USED
1. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
2. MARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

11. STORAGE OF CO2
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF STORAGE
1. UNDERGROUND STORAGE
2. OCEAN STORAGE

12. UNDERGROUND STORAGE

13. OCEAN STORAGE

14. WORLD STORAGE STATIONS

15. CCS: CURRENT PROJECTS
• CURRENTLY ONLY 4 PROJECTS ARE WORKING
WORLDWIDE.
1. SLEIPNER(1996) : 20,000,000 TONS
2. SALAH(2004) : 17,000,000 TONS
3. WEYBURN(2005) : 26,000,000 TONS
4. SNØVIT(2008) : 700,000 TONS PER YEAR

16. CCS CHALLENGES
• LEAKAGES : UNCERTAINTY ABOUT MAGNITUDE ...... BUT LIKELY
TO BE VERY SMALL (0.1% - 1% IN DIFFERENT STUDIES).
• MONITORING
• INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS : LARGE AND LONG-TERM
INVESTMENTS REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORTATION AND SEPARATION.
CCS CHALLENGES.

17. CONCLUSION
• CCS REALLY PLAYS A MAIN ROLE IN REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE
GASES ,BUT THIS IS NOT ENOUGH .THERE IS A NEED OF MORE
RESEARCH WHICH HELP IN SECURING THE STORAGE AND OTHER
PROTECTION TECHNIQUE.
• THE CHALLENGES AGAINST THE CCS IS ABOUT THE COST, IT
REALLY NEEDS TO BE REDUCED.
• THERE ARE MANY GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE WHICH REALLY NEED TO
CLEAR IT OUT.