carbohydrates are the important biological macro-molecules occurring in the body

2. CARBOHYDRATES-
ITS FUNCTION AND
USES

4. • Biochemistry deals with naturally
occurring macro molecules
• Such as carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids and vitamins
INTRO

5. • Synthesized by body from
simple molecules
• They are also the most
abundant biological
molecules
INTRO

6. To acquaint the audience about
carbohydrates and its uses
AIM

7. PHASE I
 Def of Carbohydrates
 Classification of Carbohydrates
 Monosaccharides
 Oligosaccharides
 Polysaccharides
SEQ

8. PHASE II
 Functions of Carbohydrates
 Diseases caused due to
deficiency of Carbohydrates
SEQ

9. • Hydrates of carbon
• Derives from the formula Cn (H2O)
• Polyhydroxy aldehydes
• Polyhydroxy ketones
Carbohydrates

10. • Synthesized by plants through
photosynthesis, from carbon dioxide
and water
• 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbohydrates

11. Monosaccharides
(Monomers)
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
(Polymers)
Classification

12.  Monomers
 Consist of 3 to 9 carbons
 White crystalline solids
Monosaccharide

13.  Simplest sugars which cannot be
hydrolyzed
 Easily soluble in water
 Sweet in taste
Monosaccharide

14. Monosacchardies
Functional
group
Number of C
Classification

15. Monosacchardies
Aldoses Ketoses
Functional Group

16. Examples
Aldoses (e.g., glucose) have an
aldehyde group at one end.
C
C OHH
C HHO
C OHH
C OHH
CH2OH
D-glucose
OH

17.  Ketoses (e.g., fructose) have a keto
group
Examples

18.  Trioses contain 3 Carbons
 Tetroses contain 4 Carbons
 Pentoses Contain 5 Carbons
 Hexoses Contain 6 Carbons
Number of C

19. Examples

20.  Oligosaccharides give 2 to 9 units
of monosaccharides on hydrolysis
Oligosaccharides

21.  They are classified as fol
 Disaccharides
 Trisaccharides
 Tetrasaccharides
Classification

22.  Also called dimers
 Two monosaccharides combine by
means of condensation
 Glycosidic bond
Disaccharides

23.  Maltose (Malt Sugar)
 Sucrose (Cane Sugar)
 Lactose (Milk Sugar)
Examples

24. Glucose + Glucose Maltose + water
Glucose + Fructose Sucrose + Water
Glucose + Galactose Lactose + Water
Formation of Dimers

25. Formation of Dimers

26.  White crystalline solids
 Easily soluble in water
 Sweet in taste
 Hydrolyzes into two
monosaccharide units
Properties

27.  Macromolecular carbohydrates
 Hundreds to thousands of
monosaccharide units
Polysaccharides

28. Polysacchardies
Homo
polysaccharides
Hetero
Polysaccharides
Classification

29. Homopolysaccharide
Starch Cellulose
Examples

30. Examples

31. Examples

32. Heteropolysaccharide
Glycosamine
Examples

33. Examples

34.  Amorphous solids
 Tasteless
 Insoluble in water
 Cannot be hydrolyzed to simple
sugars
Properties

35. Phase-II

36.  Source of energy in the form of
glucose
 Our brain uses energy in the form of
carbohydrates
 Regulate the amount of sugar level-
hypoglycemia
Functions of Carbohydrates

37.  Nutrients for bacteria
 Dietary fibers helps to keep the
bowel functioning properly
 Fibers lowers cholesterol level and
regulates blood pressure
Functions of Carbohydrates

38.  Protect our muscles from cramping
 Flavors to the diet
 Growth of certain desirable
bacteria in the small intestine
synthesize B-complex Vitamins
Functions of Carbohydrates

39.  Protein sparing function
 Cell wall structure of plants
 Glycoproteins and lipoproteins
maintain the shape of the body
Functions of Carbohydrates

40.  Muscle cramping
 Muscle fatigue
Diseases caused due to
deficiency

41.  Headache
 Dizziness
Diseases caused due to
deficiency

42.  Confusion
 Fast Heart beat
Diseases caused due to
deficiency

43.  Sweating
Diseases caused due to
deficiency

44.  Acidosis
Diseases caused due to
deficiency

45. {