Cancer and its types, all tumours are not cancer, cancer, diagnosis of cancer, how cancer differ, how cancer spread, how cancer start, how normal cells act

1. Presented by Karthi.M
M.Sc Project Student
Cancer Biology Lab
Dept. Of Biiochemistry
Introduction

2. › general name for a group of more than 100 diseases
› abnormal cells grow out of control
› Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death.
What Is Cancer?

3. › trillions of living cells
› Normal body cells grow, divide to make new cells, and die
in an orderly way
› During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide
faster to allow the person to grow.
› After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only
to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries.
How normal cells act

4. › start to grow out of control
› Cancer cell growth is different from normal cell growth
› Instead of dying, cancer cells continue to grow and form
new, abnormal cells.
› Cancer cells can also invade (grow into) other tissues,
something that normal cells can’t do.
› Growing out of control and invading other tissue
How cancer starts

5. › changes to their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
› DNA is in every cell and it directs all its actions
› In a normal cell, when DNA is damaged the cell either
repairs the damage or dies.
› In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not repaired, but the
cell doesn’t die like it should.
› Instead, the cell goes on making new cells that the body
doesn’t need. These new cells all have the same damaged
DNA as the first cell does.

6. › People can inherit abnormal or faulty DNA
› This happen while a normal cell is reproducing or by something in
the environment.
› DNA damage may caused by smthng obvious like cigarette smoking
or sun exposure.
› But it’s rare to know exactly what cause any one person’s cancer.
› Most cases, the cancer cells form a tumour, over time, the tumours
can invade nearby n.tissue, crowd it out or push it aside.
› Like leukemia  rarely form tumours.
› Instead these c.cells involve the blood and blood-forming organs and
circulate through other tissues where they grow.

7. › C.cells often travel to other parts of the body where they
can grow and form new tumours that crowd out normal
tissue.
› It happens when c.cells get into the body’s b.stream or
lymph vessels .
› The process of cancer spreading is called metastasis.
› No matter where a cancer may spread, always named
based on the place where it started. For instance, colon
cancer that spread to the liver  metastatic colon cancer
 not liver cancer
How cancer spreads

8. › Different types of cancer can behave very differently
› For instance, lung cancer and skin cancer are very
different diseases.
› They grow at different rates and respond to different
treatments.
How cancers differ

9. › A tumour is an abnormal lump or collection of cells
› but not all tumours are cancer
› tumours that aren’t cancer are called benign.
› Benign tumors can cause problems -grow very large and
press on healthy organs and tissues
› can’t grow into (invade) other tissues.
› can’t spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).
› These tumors are seldom life threatening
Tumours that are not cancer

10. › Adrenal Cancer
Cancer Types

11. Anal Cancer

12. Bile Duct Cancer

13. Bladder Cancer

14. Bone Cancer

15. Brain/CNS Tumors In Adults

16. Brain/CNS Tumors In Children

17. Breast Cancer

18. Breast Cancer In Men

19. › Affects single group of lymph nodes.
› L.nodes in the chest or abdomen most often
Castleman Disease

20. › Cancer in Adolescents
› Cancer in Children
› Cancer in Young Adults
› Cancer of Unknown Primary

21. Cervical Cancer

22. Colon/Rectum Cancer

23. Endometrial Cancer

24. Esophagus Cancer

25. Ewing Family Of Tumors
• Pathological fractures ,metastasis , Rosette formation

26. Eye Cancer

27. Gallbladder Cancer

28. Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors

29. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

30. Kaposi Sarcoma
cancer that causes
lesions (abnormal
tissue) to grow in
the skin; the
mucous
membranes lining
the mouth, nose,
and throat; lymph
nodes; or other
organs.

31. › is a group of conditions in which tumors grow inside a
woman's uterus (womb).
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

32. Hodgkin Disease
is a type of lymphoma.
Lymphoma is a cancer of
a part of the immune
system called the lymph
system.

33. Kidney Cancer

34. Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer

35. Leukemia - Acute Myeloid (AML)

36. Liver Cancer

37. Lung Cancer Lung Cancer - Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer - Small Cell

38. Lung Carcinoid Tumor
uncommon and tend to grow
slower than other types of lung
cancers. They are made up of
special kinds of cells called
neuroendocrine cells.

39. › Leukemia - Acute Lymphocytic (ALL) in Adults
› Leukemia - Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL)
› Leukemia - Chronic Myeloid (CML)
› Leukemia - Chronic Myelomonocytic (CMML)
› Leukemia in Children

40. Lymphoma of the Skin Multiple Myeloma

41. › Lymphoma
› Malignant Mesothelioma
› Myelodysplastic Syndrome
› Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer
› Nasopharyngeal Cancer
› Neuroblastoma
› Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
› Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma In Children
› Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer

42. › Osteosarcoma
› Ovarian Cancer
› Pancreatic Cancer
› Penile Cancer
› Pituitary Tumors
› Prostate Cancer
› Retinoblastoma
› Rhabdomyosarcoma
› Salivary Gland Cancer
› Sarcoma - Adult Soft Tissue Cancer
› Skin Cancer

43. › Skin Cancer - Basal and Squamous Cell
› Skin Cancer - Melanoma
› Skin Cancer - Merkel Cell
› Small Intestine Cancer
› Stomach Cancer
› Testicular Cancer
› Thymus Cancer
› Thyroid Cancer
› Uterine Sarcoma
› Vaginal Cancer
› Vulvar Cancer

44. › Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
› Wilms Tumor

45. › www.cancer.org.
› American Cancer society
Reference