Carbohydrates originate from photosynthesis in plants. They serve several functions in plants and animals including energy storage, structure, and participating in biochemical processes. Carbohydrates are classified based on their size as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form, oligosaccharides contain 2-10 monosaccharide units, and polysaccharides are long chains of many monosaccharide units. Common examples of each type are also provided.

1. CARBOHYDRATES:
ORIGIN, FUNCTIONS AND
CLASSIFICATIONS

2. WHERE DO
CARBOHYDRATES
ORIGINATE?

4. WHAT ARE THE USES OF
CARBOHYDRATES IN PLANTS?

5. 1. Carbohydrate oxidation provide energy.
2. Carbohydrate storage in the form of
glycogen provides a short-term energy
reserve.
3. Carbohydrates supply carbon atoms for the
synthesis of other biochemical
substances(proteins, lipids, and nucleic
acids).
4. Carbohydrates form part of the structure
framework of DNA and RNA molecules.

6. 5. Carbohydrates linked to
lipids(Chapter19)are structural components
of cell membranes.
6. Carbohydrates linked to proteins
(Chapter20)function in a variety of cell-cell and
cell-molecule recognition processess.

8.  A polyhydroxy aldehyde, polyhydroxy
ketone or a compound that yields
polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy
ketones upon hydrolysis.
 A carbohydrate glucose is a polyhydroxy
aldehyde and the carbohydrate fructose is a
polyhydroxy ketone.

10.  Carbohydrates are classified
base on their molecular size as
monosaccharides,
oligosaccharides and
polysaccharides.

11. • A carbohydrate that contains a single
polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketone
units.
• It cannot be broken down into simpler units
by hydrolysis reactions.
• Pure monosaccharides are water soluble,
white, crystalline solids.
Examples: Glucose and Fructose

13.  A carbohydrate that contains two to ten
monosaccharide units covalently bonded to
each other.
 DISACCHARIDE is the common type of
oligosaccharide.
 crystalline, water soluble substances
 OLIGO is from the Greek word “oligos” which
means “small” or “few”.
Example: Sucrose (table sugar), Lactose (milk
sugar)

15.  Is a polymeric carbohydrate that contains
many monosaccharide units covalently
bonded to each other.
 Cellulose---- (book, cotton, wood) and
Starch ---- (bread, pasta, potatoes)