Manufacturing of ammonia using haber's processrita martin
Ammonia is a colourless pungent smelling gas used mostly in production of fertilizers. It is widely manufactured by Haber process from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2)
Manufacturing of ammonia using haber's processrita martin
Ammonia is a colourless pungent smelling gas used mostly in production of fertilizers. It is widely manufactured by Haber process from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2)
In the plant, ammonia is produced from synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the ratio of approximately 3:1. Besides these components, the synthesis gas contains inert gases such as argon and methane to a limited extent. The source of H2 is demineralized water and the hydrocarbons in the natural gas. The source of N2 is the atmospheric air. The source of CO2 is the hydrocarbons in the natural gas feed. Product ammonia and CO2 is sent to urea plant. The present article intended the description of ammonia plant for natural gas based plants and the possible material balance of some section.
Chemistry O level Syllabus:
Chapter on AMMONIA
Prepared by: Faiz Abdullah
Please download to access the many animations in the powerpoint slides.
If you cannot download, please comment below.
If you want more slides on O level, AS level and A level or would like me to custom made it for u, please contact me via the following platforms:
Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com
Facebook: faiz abdullah (see picture)
Twitter: @fazzydoo
Contact me at +6738239386, Brunei line
Thanks
Most modern ammonia processes are based on steam-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
The 3 main technology suppliers are Uhde (Uhde/JM Partnership), Topsoe & KBR.
The process steps are very similar in all cases.
Other suppliers are Linde (LAC) & Ammonia Casale.
This slides shows vocational training which i've done at ammonia-4 plant at GSFC LTD.
There are some tasks that given by our university that we have done here.
Improving Efficiency for Boiler and Steam SystemKamlesh Hariyani
In Steam Generation system, Cost of steam depends on Boiler efficiency. These slides are focusing on various aspects which plays important role in steam generation system.
Catalytic Reactions in Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic Reforming Reactions
Sulfur Related Problems
Effects of Sulfur in Catalytic Reforming
Reactions in Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic Reforming Catalysts
Effect of Sulfur on Catalytic Reforming Catalysts
Catalytic Reformer Efficiency
VULCAN Sulfur Guards
VULCAN Sulfur Guards for Catalytic Reformers
VULCAN Guard Installation Protects Isomerization Catalysts
Liquid Phase vs Gas Phase: Relative Advantages
Liquid Phase Treating
Which active metal is best?
Thiophenes and Nickel Sulfur Guards
Sulfiding mechanisms with reduced metals
Thiophene adsorption on nickel
Advantages of Cu/Zn Over Nickel Sulfur Guards
Copper oxide vs Nickel
Nickel Sulfur Guards
Manganese Sulfur Guards
Why have a Secondary Reformer ?
Need nitrogen to make ammonia
Wish to make primary as small as possible
Wish to minimise methane slip since methane is an inert in the ammonia synthesis loop
Other methods of achieving this
Braun Purifier process
Can address all these with an air blown secondary
This book covers design of high Pressure equipment and developments, Process flow diagram of different section of Ammonia, Urea and others fertilizers .Fundamentals of ammonia urea plant trouble shooting risk assessment corrosion in different vessels and remedies. This book is useful for Engineers and Sr. Managers for plant commissioning and trouble shooting and Engineering Students. This book contains about 51 tables and 144 useful diagram and chart graphics etc. Detail description of ammonia/CO2 stripping process and new developments. Design Parameters of High pressure vessel and comparison. Study of corrosion for various equipments and control. How to control corrosion by changing of equipments material.
In the plant, ammonia is produced from synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the ratio of approximately 3:1. Besides these components, the synthesis gas contains inert gases such as argon and methane to a limited extent. The source of H2 is demineralized water and the hydrocarbons in the natural gas. The source of N2 is the atmospheric air. The source of CO2 is the hydrocarbons in the natural gas feed. Product ammonia and CO2 is sent to urea plant. The present article intended the description of ammonia plant for natural gas based plants and the possible material balance of some section.
Chemistry O level Syllabus:
Chapter on AMMONIA
Prepared by: Faiz Abdullah
Please download to access the many animations in the powerpoint slides.
If you cannot download, please comment below.
If you want more slides on O level, AS level and A level or would like me to custom made it for u, please contact me via the following platforms:
Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com
Facebook: faiz abdullah (see picture)
Twitter: @fazzydoo
Contact me at +6738239386, Brunei line
Thanks
Most modern ammonia processes are based on steam-reforming of natural gas or naphtha.
The 3 main technology suppliers are Uhde (Uhde/JM Partnership), Topsoe & KBR.
The process steps are very similar in all cases.
Other suppliers are Linde (LAC) & Ammonia Casale.
This slides shows vocational training which i've done at ammonia-4 plant at GSFC LTD.
There are some tasks that given by our university that we have done here.
Improving Efficiency for Boiler and Steam SystemKamlesh Hariyani
In Steam Generation system, Cost of steam depends on Boiler efficiency. These slides are focusing on various aspects which plays important role in steam generation system.
Catalytic Reactions in Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic Reforming Reactions
Sulfur Related Problems
Effects of Sulfur in Catalytic Reforming
Reactions in Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic Reforming Catalysts
Effect of Sulfur on Catalytic Reforming Catalysts
Catalytic Reformer Efficiency
VULCAN Sulfur Guards
VULCAN Sulfur Guards for Catalytic Reformers
VULCAN Guard Installation Protects Isomerization Catalysts
Liquid Phase vs Gas Phase: Relative Advantages
Liquid Phase Treating
Which active metal is best?
Thiophenes and Nickel Sulfur Guards
Sulfiding mechanisms with reduced metals
Thiophene adsorption on nickel
Advantages of Cu/Zn Over Nickel Sulfur Guards
Copper oxide vs Nickel
Nickel Sulfur Guards
Manganese Sulfur Guards
Why have a Secondary Reformer ?
Need nitrogen to make ammonia
Wish to make primary as small as possible
Wish to minimise methane slip since methane is an inert in the ammonia synthesis loop
Other methods of achieving this
Braun Purifier process
Can address all these with an air blown secondary
This book covers design of high Pressure equipment and developments, Process flow diagram of different section of Ammonia, Urea and others fertilizers .Fundamentals of ammonia urea plant trouble shooting risk assessment corrosion in different vessels and remedies. This book is useful for Engineers and Sr. Managers for plant commissioning and trouble shooting and Engineering Students. This book contains about 51 tables and 144 useful diagram and chart graphics etc. Detail description of ammonia/CO2 stripping process and new developments. Design Parameters of High pressure vessel and comparison. Study of corrosion for various equipments and control. How to control corrosion by changing of equipments material.
A detailed Powerpoint presentation on the steps in the manufacturing of ammonia from its elements, by the Haber process (including the production of the starting materials and manufacturing conditions and applying the principles of chemical equilibrium and kinetics), the uses of ammonia and the impact of the ammonia industry on the environment.
vapor absorption system,three fluid vapor absorption system,water and ammonia vapor absorption system water and lithium bromide vapor absorption system
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. AQA C2 4.4 Reversible Reactions & The Haber Process
2. Most chemical reactions only ‘go’ one way. A few reactions go both ways. These are called ‘REVERSIBLE’ Reactants Products Reactants Products
3.
4. In a reversible reaction, the REACTANTS turn into PRODUCTS AND the PRODUCTS can be turned back into the REACTANTS FORWARD REACTION REVERSE REACTION Heat IN Heat OUT ENDO-THERMIC EXO-THERMIC BLUE COPPER WHITE COPPER + WATER SULPHATE SULPHATE (STEAM) REACTANT PRODUCTS
5. Equilibrium If we make a CLOSED SYSTEM by preventing any reactants or products escaping…. The RATE of the FORWARD REACTION balances the RATE of the REVERSE REACTION So we have both REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS CONSTANTLY TURNING INTO EACH OTHER And the system is in EQUILIBRIUM White copper sulphate (PRODUCT) Blue copper sulphate (REACTANT) Water (PRODUCT)
6. Heat IN Removal of Product (s) If we want to make and collect one (or both) of the products in a reversible reaction, it must be steadily removed from the system as we go WATER REMOVED so REVERSE REACTION can’t happen so PRODUCT can be collected
7.
8. THE REACTION Production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 Nitrogen (g) + hydrogen (g) ammonia (g) H N N H H H H H H N N H H H H H N H H H H H H H N N H H H H H H H H N H H H
9. FORWARD REACTION: Hydrogen & Nitrogen make Ammonia REVERSE REACTION: Ammonia makes Hydrogen & Nitrogen BOTH REACTIONS ARE HAPPENING AT ONCE N H H H N H H H H N N H H H H H EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC
10. HYDROGEN & NITROGEN IN UNUSED HYDROGEN & NITROGEN RECYCLED TEMPERATURE and PRESSURE of the reaction vessel can be controlled Mixture cooled here. AMMONIA condenses LIQUID AMMONIA REMOVED HYDROGEN NITROGEN AMMONIA hydrogen + nitrogen ammonia % YIELD = % AMMONIA in main reaction vessel
11. How to make the most ammonia quickly & cheaply ? TEMPERATURE PRESSURE We can change 2 conditions inside the reaction vessel: 500 °C 20 °C (normal temp) 500 atmospheres 1 atmosphere (normal pressure) ££ CHEAP ££ ££ EXPENSIVE ££
12. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN NITROGEN AMMONIA Because the forward reaction is exothermic (’releases heat’), the % YIELD of ammonia is GREATER at LOWER TEMPERATURES (The ammonia molecules tend to split up again at high temps ) So it would seem that the temperature needs to be LOW …… BUT … LOW TEMPERATURES make the rate of reaction SLOW so you would have to wait a long time… So a higher temperature (450 °C) is actually used to make the ammonia FASTER even though the yield is lower. COOL HOT
13. EFFECT OF PRESSURE 4 molecules 2 molecules Because the FORWARD reaction produces a SMALLER NUMBER OF MOLECULES, a HIGHER PRESSURE makes a LARGER YIELD of AMMONIA BUT using a HIGH PRESSURE means much stronger and MORE EXPENSIVE pipes and reaction vessels are needed. So.. a MEDIUM PRESSURE of 200 atmospheres is used. H H H H N N H H H H H H H H N H H H N H H H HYDROGEN NITROGEN AMMONIA
14. A COMPROMISE solution 450 °C and 200 atmos. TEMP : LOW enough for a reasonable yield but HIGH enough for a fast reaction PRESSURE : LOW enough to not need expensive reinforced apparatus but HIGH enough to give a reasonable yield 450 °C Gives about 30% yield 100 200 300 400 500 0 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 200 °C 300 °C 400 °C 500 °C Pressure (atmospheres) Yield of ammonia IRON CATALYST used to speed reaction up further
