The document discusses techniques for bypassing firewall systems. It provides background on firewall systems, describing their evolution, types, state of the art features, and risks. It then outlines various attack techniques hackers use to bypass firewalls, such as compromising external trusted systems, exploiting vulnerabilities in client software, stealing credentials through screen grabbing, and sending malicious content in files or emails that exploit software vulnerabilities when opened. The goal of these attacks is to access internal corporate networks or run attacker code on internal systems.
Security Key Management Model for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworksCSCJournals
IEEE 802.15.4-based devices networks known by the name of LR-WPAN (Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) are characterized by low computation, memory and storage space, and they do not possess an infrastructure. This makes them dynamic and easy to deploy, but in the other hand, this makes them very vulnerable to security issues, as they are low energy so they cant implement current security solutions, and they are deployed in non-secure environments that makes them susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Most proposed solutions draw out the security of the bootstrapping and commissioning phases as the percentage of existing of an intruder in this time is very low. In this paper, we propose a security model for LR-WPANs based on symmetric cryptography, which takes into account securing the bootstrapping phase, with an analysis of the effectiveness of this proposal and the measures of its implementation.
AN ANTI-CLONE ATTACK KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKScsandit
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to various kinds of attacks such as replaying of
messages, battery exhausting, and nodes compromising. While most of these attacks can be
dealt with through cryptographic security protocols provided by key management schemes,
there are always a few that manage to really cause problems. One such attack that is most
common and significant in WSNs is cloning attack. In clone attack, the intruder tries to capture
and compromise some nodes and inject them into several locations throughout the network in
order to conduct other types of attacks. Moreover, if this attack is not detected early, then these
replicated injected nodes will consume a large amount of the network resources. In this paper,
we analyze several key management schemes that can be used for checking integrity and
preventing cloning attacks. After analyzing the problems associated with these schemes, we
propose a model that allows us to distinguish between legitimate nodes and cloned nodes in
such sensor networks.
This document provides an overview of security issues in wireless ad-hoc networks. It discusses the properties and functions of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) including availability, authentication, confidentiality, and data integrity. It classifies attacks as internal/external and active/passive. Specific attacks like wormhole and black hole are described. Solutions to these attacks include packet leashes to restrict travel distance and binding user identity to trust levels. Key management is important, using group, symmetric, and shared keys. In conclusion, more research is needed to fully address security challenges in unpredictable wireless networks.
2.espk external agent authentication and session key establishment using publ...EditorJST
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed and deployed in a un attend environment, these are vulnerable to numerous security threats. In this paper, describe the design and implementation of public-key-(PK)-based protocols that allow authentication and session key establishment between a sensor network and a third party. WSN have limitations on computational capacity, battery etc which provides scope for challenging problems. We fundamentally focused on the security issue of WSNs The proposed protocol is efficient and secure in compared to other public key based protocols in WSNs.
A survey on wireless sensor networks security with the integration of cluster...csandit
Keying technique in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) is one of the most emerging fields of
WSN security. In order to provide security on WSN, the role of Key distribution technique is
considered to be very significant and thus the key management plays a crucial and fundamental
roles in the security service of WSNs. This paper reviews pairwise key establishment technique
along with the architecture and the environment of WSN. The cluster based group key
agreement protocols for infrastructure base WSN are discussed in this paper. This paper also
reviews how the security can be provided to WSNs with the integration of clustering and keying
techniques. The survey also provides a more detailed discussion on the comparison between
different cluster based group key agreement protocols.
A SURVEY ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS SECURITY WITH THE INTEGRATION OF CLUSTER...cscpconf
The document discusses key establishment techniques and cluster-based group key agreement protocols for wireless sensor networks. It reviews pairwise keying, clustering, and how integrating the two can provide security. Several cluster-based group key agreement protocols are described, including HKAP, GKA-CH, PB-GKA-HGM, and AP-1 and AP-2. These protocols establish cluster and group keys using different hierarchical structures and key agreement methods. The document concludes by comparing the protocols based on their topology and structure.
In computing ,a futex is a linux kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as posix mutexes or condition variables.
The document summarizes the S/KEY one-time password system, which was developed to counter attacks where an intruder obtains login credentials by passively eavesdropping on network connections. The system generates random strings during authentication that are useless to eavesdroppers. It protects passwords against passive attacks by having the client and host independently compute a cryptographic function of a random string, without requiring secret keys or storing sensitive information on the host. The goals of S/KEY are to provide complete protection of login authentication against passive eavesdropping and eliminate the storage of secret information like passwords on the host system.
Security Key Management Model for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworksCSCJournals
IEEE 802.15.4-based devices networks known by the name of LR-WPAN (Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) are characterized by low computation, memory and storage space, and they do not possess an infrastructure. This makes them dynamic and easy to deploy, but in the other hand, this makes them very vulnerable to security issues, as they are low energy so they cant implement current security solutions, and they are deployed in non-secure environments that makes them susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Most proposed solutions draw out the security of the bootstrapping and commissioning phases as the percentage of existing of an intruder in this time is very low. In this paper, we propose a security model for LR-WPANs based on symmetric cryptography, which takes into account securing the bootstrapping phase, with an analysis of the effectiveness of this proposal and the measures of its implementation.
AN ANTI-CLONE ATTACK KEY MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKScsandit
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to various kinds of attacks such as replaying of
messages, battery exhausting, and nodes compromising. While most of these attacks can be
dealt with through cryptographic security protocols provided by key management schemes,
there are always a few that manage to really cause problems. One such attack that is most
common and significant in WSNs is cloning attack. In clone attack, the intruder tries to capture
and compromise some nodes and inject them into several locations throughout the network in
order to conduct other types of attacks. Moreover, if this attack is not detected early, then these
replicated injected nodes will consume a large amount of the network resources. In this paper,
we analyze several key management schemes that can be used for checking integrity and
preventing cloning attacks. After analyzing the problems associated with these schemes, we
propose a model that allows us to distinguish between legitimate nodes and cloned nodes in
such sensor networks.
This document provides an overview of security issues in wireless ad-hoc networks. It discusses the properties and functions of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) including availability, authentication, confidentiality, and data integrity. It classifies attacks as internal/external and active/passive. Specific attacks like wormhole and black hole are described. Solutions to these attacks include packet leashes to restrict travel distance and binding user identity to trust levels. Key management is important, using group, symmetric, and shared keys. In conclusion, more research is needed to fully address security challenges in unpredictable wireless networks.
2.espk external agent authentication and session key establishment using publ...EditorJST
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed and deployed in a un attend environment, these are vulnerable to numerous security threats. In this paper, describe the design and implementation of public-key-(PK)-based protocols that allow authentication and session key establishment between a sensor network and a third party. WSN have limitations on computational capacity, battery etc which provides scope for challenging problems. We fundamentally focused on the security issue of WSNs The proposed protocol is efficient and secure in compared to other public key based protocols in WSNs.
A survey on wireless sensor networks security with the integration of cluster...csandit
Keying technique in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) is one of the most emerging fields of
WSN security. In order to provide security on WSN, the role of Key distribution technique is
considered to be very significant and thus the key management plays a crucial and fundamental
roles in the security service of WSNs. This paper reviews pairwise key establishment technique
along with the architecture and the environment of WSN. The cluster based group key
agreement protocols for infrastructure base WSN are discussed in this paper. This paper also
reviews how the security can be provided to WSNs with the integration of clustering and keying
techniques. The survey also provides a more detailed discussion on the comparison between
different cluster based group key agreement protocols.
A SURVEY ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS SECURITY WITH THE INTEGRATION OF CLUSTER...cscpconf
The document discusses key establishment techniques and cluster-based group key agreement protocols for wireless sensor networks. It reviews pairwise keying, clustering, and how integrating the two can provide security. Several cluster-based group key agreement protocols are described, including HKAP, GKA-CH, PB-GKA-HGM, and AP-1 and AP-2. These protocols establish cluster and group keys using different hierarchical structures and key agreement methods. The document concludes by comparing the protocols based on their topology and structure.
In computing ,a futex is a linux kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as posix mutexes or condition variables.
The document summarizes the S/KEY one-time password system, which was developed to counter attacks where an intruder obtains login credentials by passively eavesdropping on network connections. The system generates random strings during authentication that are useless to eavesdroppers. It protects passwords against passive attacks by having the client and host independently compute a cryptographic function of a random string, without requiring secret keys or storing sensitive information on the host. The goals of S/KEY are to provide complete protection of login authentication against passive eavesdropping and eliminate the storage of secret information like passwords on the host system.
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to detect and prevent wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It first provides background on wormhole attacks, where an attacker tunnels network traffic to another location to compromise routing. It then reviews related work detecting wormholes using cryptography, location verification, or intrusion detection. The paper proposes a system with guard nodes that collaboratively monitor links to detect compromised nodes. It describes modules for network topology establishment, attack establishment through different wormhole modes, and an elimination mechanism where guard nodes isolate attackers once malicious behaviors exceed thresholds. Simulations test the ability of this scheme to improve security against wormhole attacks in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks.
Layered Approach for Preprocessing of Data in Intrusion Prevention SystemsEditor IJCATR
Due to extensive growth of the Internet and increasing availability of tools and methods for intruding and attacking
networks, intrusion detection has become a critical component of network security parameters. TCP/IP protocol suite is the defacto
standard for communication on the Internet. The underlying vulnerabilities in the protocols is the root cause of intrusions. Therefor
Intrusion detection system becomes an important element in network security that controls real time data and leads to huge
dimensional problem. Processing large number of packets and data in real time is very difficult and costly. Therefor data preprocessing
is necessary to remove redundant and unwanted information from packets and clean network data. Here, we are focusing on
two important aspects of intrusion detection; one is accuracy and other is performance. The layered approach of TCP/IP model can be
applied to packet pre-processing to achieve early and faster intrusion detection. Motivation for the paper comes from the large impact
data preprocessing has on the accuracy and capability of anomaly-based NIPS. In this paper it is demonstrated that high attack
detection accuracy can be achieved by using layered approach for data preprocessing in Internet. To reduce false positive rate and to
increase efficiency of detection, the paper proposed framework for preprocessing in intrusion prevention system. We experimented
with real time network traffic as well as he KDDcup99 dataset for our research.
Passive monitoring to build Situational AwarenessDavid Sweigert
Passive network monitoring techniques can provide valuable situational awareness for network security professionals. The document describes techniques for passively discovering information about nodes on a network, including operating systems, roles, services, and configurations. This contextual information helps analysts by reducing false positives and focusing resources. The passive approach does not disrupt networks and can operate continuously, in contrast to active scanning tools. A network monitoring prototype is being developed to test these passive discovery techniques.
SHARED INFORMATION BASED SECURITY SOLUTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijwmn
The mobile ad hoc networks get subjected to security threats like other wireless networks. But due to their
peer to peer approach and absence of infrastructural resources the mobile ad hoc networks can not use
strong cryptographic mechanisms as used by their other wireless counterparts. This led to the
development of trust based methods as security solutions wherein a trusted node is relaxed from security
checks when the trust value reaches to a particular limit. The trust methods are prone to security risks but
have found their acceptance due to efficiency over computationally expensive and time consuming
cryptographic methods. The major problem with the trust methods is the period during which trust is
growing and is yet to reach the requisite threshold. This paper proposes security mechanism dependent
upon Random Electronic Code Book (RECB) combined with permutation functions. The proposed
mechanism has low time complexity, is easier to implement, computationally inexpensive and has very
high brute force search value. It can be used as the temporary security guard during the trust growth
phase. The impetus behind the proposed design is the reliance upon shared information between the peers
in the ad hoc networks.
This document discusses firewalls and their types. It begins by explaining that firewalls protect networks by guarding entry points and are becoming more sophisticated. It then defines a firewall as a network security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on rules. The document outlines different generations of firewalls and describes four main types: packet filtering, stateful packet inspection, application gateways/proxies, and circuit-level gateways. It details the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each type. Finally, it emphasizes that networks are still at risk of attacks and that firewalls have become ubiquitous, so choosing the right solution depends on needs, policies, resources.
This document discusses security challenges in wireless sensor networks. It covers several topics: why security is needed in WSNs given their mission-critical applications; why security is more complicated in WSNs due to resource constraints of sensor nodes; common security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, and availability; guiding principles for securing WSNs like decentralized management and adaptive security; common attacks against WSNs at different layers of the protocol stack; and open research issues regarding cryptography, key management, secure data aggregation, and other high-level security mechanisms for WSNs.
This document discusses network security and related concepts. It begins by defining network security as activities designed to protect network safety and data by managing access through hardware and software technologies. It then explains that network security works by combining multiple defense layers at the edge and in the network to execute policies and controls while authorizing users and blocking threats. Finally, it outlines how network security benefits users by protecting proprietary information, providing authentication and access control for resources, and guaranteeing availability.
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
This document discusses different types of firewalls and how they work. It begins by explaining that firewalls come in many shapes and sizes, and sometimes a firewall is a collection of computers. All communication must pass through the firewall. It then discusses packet filters, stateful packet inspection engines, application gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Packet filters use transport layer information like IP addresses and port numbers to filter traffic. Stateful packet filters track client-server sessions to match return packets. Application gateways run proxy programs that filter traffic at the application layer. Circuit-level gateways filter traffic at the circuit level. A combination of these is known as a dynamic packet filter. The document also discusses additional firewall functions like network address
The document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by introducing MANETs and noting their vulnerability to attacks due to lack of centralized authority. It then covers security goals, types of attacks (passive vs. active; internal vs. external), examples of passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like jamming and wormholes. The document also discusses security schemes like intrusion detection and secure routing techniques. It concludes by identifying research issues around improving MANET security.
This document discusses security issues with the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. It first provides background on AODV and security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks. It then analyzes specific attacks on AODV like traffic redirection, replay attacks, and loop formation. The document presents simulation results for a 5 node network that show that insecure AODV has good throughput but higher packet dropping and delay. It concludes that providing security for AODV is needed to address these issues.
The document proposes a label-based secure localization scheme to defend against wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It analyzes the impact of wormhole attacks on DV-Hop localization and describes a three-phase approach to label beacon and sensor nodes to identify and remove illegal connections introduced by wormholes. Simulation results show the scheme is effective at detecting wormholes and minimizing their impact on localization accuracy.
Sniffing is the process of monitoring and capturing all the packets passing through a given network using sniffing tools. It is a form of “tapping phone wires” and get to know about the conversation. It is also called wiretapping applied to the computer networks.
There is so much possibility that if a set of enterprise switch ports is open, then one of their employees can sniff the whole traffic of the network. Anyone in the same physical location can plug into the network using Ethernet cable or connect wirelessly to that network and sniff the total traffic.
In other words, Sniffing allows you to see all sorts of traffic, both protected and unprotected. In the right conditions and with the right protocols in place, an attacking party may be able to gather information that can be used for further attacks or to cause other issues for the network or system owner.
Introduction to Cyber security module - IIITAMBEMAHENDRA1
This document provides an overview of information and network detection topics including identification and authorization, intrusion detection systems, firewalls, VPN security, and cloud security. Identification means claiming an identity, authentication proves identity, and authorization determines access rights. Intrusion detection systems monitor for malicious activity via signature-based detection of known threats or anomaly-based detection of abnormal behavior. Firewalls control network traffic based on rules and establish barriers between trusted internal networks and other networks like the Internet. VPNs extend private networks securely across public networks using encryption. Cloud security focuses on identity management, physical security, personnel security, availability, application security, and privacy.
This document summarizes security issues and threats related to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to attacks due to resource limitations. Common attacks include falsifying data, extracting private information, compromising network readings, and denial of service attacks. The document also analyzes security requirements at the link layer, including access control, message integrity, confidentiality, and discusses specific attacks like selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, and HELLO flooding.
Protecting location privacy in sensor networks against a global eavesdropperJPINFOTECH JAYAPRAKASH
The document proposes two techniques - periodic collection and source simulation - to prevent leakage of location information in sensor networks from a global eavesdropper. Periodic collection provides high location privacy while source simulation provides tradeoffs between privacy, communication cost, and latency. The techniques are efficient and effective at providing source and sink location privacy compared to existing methods that only defend against local adversaries.
In our research work we are improving the performance of mobile ad hoc networks under jamming attack by using an integrated approach. The proposed work includes a network with high mobility, using IEEE Along g standard jamming attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A firewall manages secure network traffic flow between trusted and untrusted networks. It monitors traffic and acts as a barrier. Firewalls differ from antivirus software which protects against internal threats rather than external network attacks. Firewall types include packet filtering, stateful inspection, proxy, and next generation firewalls. A firewall's functions are to securely allow authorized network traffic while restricting unauthorized access and monitoring all network activity.
The document discusses network migration to 3G and 4G cellular technologies on a global scale. It shows that the majority of subscribers worldwide remain on 2G networks, with 3G adoption highest in Western Europe and North America at 32.27% and 46.77%, respectively. The migration process requires significant investments and takes multiple years to complete due to factors such as spectrum acquisition, network upgrades, and consumer adoption of new devices.
Intervento del Prof. Giancarlo Capitani, Amministratore Delegato di NetConsulting all'Executive Dinner di Castellazzo Bormida (AL) organizzata da ZeroUno per Cedacri
This document summarizes a research paper that aims to detect and prevent wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It first provides background on wormhole attacks, where an attacker tunnels network traffic to another location to compromise routing. It then reviews related work detecting wormholes using cryptography, location verification, or intrusion detection. The paper proposes a system with guard nodes that collaboratively monitor links to detect compromised nodes. It describes modules for network topology establishment, attack establishment through different wormhole modes, and an elimination mechanism where guard nodes isolate attackers once malicious behaviors exceed thresholds. Simulations test the ability of this scheme to improve security against wormhole attacks in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks.
Layered Approach for Preprocessing of Data in Intrusion Prevention SystemsEditor IJCATR
Due to extensive growth of the Internet and increasing availability of tools and methods for intruding and attacking
networks, intrusion detection has become a critical component of network security parameters. TCP/IP protocol suite is the defacto
standard for communication on the Internet. The underlying vulnerabilities in the protocols is the root cause of intrusions. Therefor
Intrusion detection system becomes an important element in network security that controls real time data and leads to huge
dimensional problem. Processing large number of packets and data in real time is very difficult and costly. Therefor data preprocessing
is necessary to remove redundant and unwanted information from packets and clean network data. Here, we are focusing on
two important aspects of intrusion detection; one is accuracy and other is performance. The layered approach of TCP/IP model can be
applied to packet pre-processing to achieve early and faster intrusion detection. Motivation for the paper comes from the large impact
data preprocessing has on the accuracy and capability of anomaly-based NIPS. In this paper it is demonstrated that high attack
detection accuracy can be achieved by using layered approach for data preprocessing in Internet. To reduce false positive rate and to
increase efficiency of detection, the paper proposed framework for preprocessing in intrusion prevention system. We experimented
with real time network traffic as well as he KDDcup99 dataset for our research.
Passive monitoring to build Situational AwarenessDavid Sweigert
Passive network monitoring techniques can provide valuable situational awareness for network security professionals. The document describes techniques for passively discovering information about nodes on a network, including operating systems, roles, services, and configurations. This contextual information helps analysts by reducing false positives and focusing resources. The passive approach does not disrupt networks and can operate continuously, in contrast to active scanning tools. A network monitoring prototype is being developed to test these passive discovery techniques.
SHARED INFORMATION BASED SECURITY SOLUTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijwmn
The mobile ad hoc networks get subjected to security threats like other wireless networks. But due to their
peer to peer approach and absence of infrastructural resources the mobile ad hoc networks can not use
strong cryptographic mechanisms as used by their other wireless counterparts. This led to the
development of trust based methods as security solutions wherein a trusted node is relaxed from security
checks when the trust value reaches to a particular limit. The trust methods are prone to security risks but
have found their acceptance due to efficiency over computationally expensive and time consuming
cryptographic methods. The major problem with the trust methods is the period during which trust is
growing and is yet to reach the requisite threshold. This paper proposes security mechanism dependent
upon Random Electronic Code Book (RECB) combined with permutation functions. The proposed
mechanism has low time complexity, is easier to implement, computationally inexpensive and has very
high brute force search value. It can be used as the temporary security guard during the trust growth
phase. The impetus behind the proposed design is the reliance upon shared information between the peers
in the ad hoc networks.
This document discusses firewalls and their types. It begins by explaining that firewalls protect networks by guarding entry points and are becoming more sophisticated. It then defines a firewall as a network security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on rules. The document outlines different generations of firewalls and describes four main types: packet filtering, stateful packet inspection, application gateways/proxies, and circuit-level gateways. It details the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of each type. Finally, it emphasizes that networks are still at risk of attacks and that firewalls have become ubiquitous, so choosing the right solution depends on needs, policies, resources.
This document discusses security challenges in wireless sensor networks. It covers several topics: why security is needed in WSNs given their mission-critical applications; why security is more complicated in WSNs due to resource constraints of sensor nodes; common security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, and availability; guiding principles for securing WSNs like decentralized management and adaptive security; common attacks against WSNs at different layers of the protocol stack; and open research issues regarding cryptography, key management, secure data aggregation, and other high-level security mechanisms for WSNs.
This document discusses network security and related concepts. It begins by defining network security as activities designed to protect network safety and data by managing access through hardware and software technologies. It then explains that network security works by combining multiple defense layers at the edge and in the network to execute policies and controls while authorizing users and blocking threats. Finally, it outlines how network security benefits users by protecting proprietary information, providing authentication and access control for resources, and guaranteeing availability.
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
This document discusses different types of firewalls and how they work. It begins by explaining that firewalls come in many shapes and sizes, and sometimes a firewall is a collection of computers. All communication must pass through the firewall. It then discusses packet filters, stateful packet inspection engines, application gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Packet filters use transport layer information like IP addresses and port numbers to filter traffic. Stateful packet filters track client-server sessions to match return packets. Application gateways run proxy programs that filter traffic at the application layer. Circuit-level gateways filter traffic at the circuit level. A combination of these is known as a dynamic packet filter. The document also discusses additional firewall functions like network address
The document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by introducing MANETs and noting their vulnerability to attacks due to lack of centralized authority. It then covers security goals, types of attacks (passive vs. active; internal vs. external), examples of passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like jamming and wormholes. The document also discusses security schemes like intrusion detection and secure routing techniques. It concludes by identifying research issues around improving MANET security.
This document discusses security issues with the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. It first provides background on AODV and security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks. It then analyzes specific attacks on AODV like traffic redirection, replay attacks, and loop formation. The document presents simulation results for a 5 node network that show that insecure AODV has good throughput but higher packet dropping and delay. It concludes that providing security for AODV is needed to address these issues.
The document proposes a label-based secure localization scheme to defend against wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It analyzes the impact of wormhole attacks on DV-Hop localization and describes a three-phase approach to label beacon and sensor nodes to identify and remove illegal connections introduced by wormholes. Simulation results show the scheme is effective at detecting wormholes and minimizing their impact on localization accuracy.
Sniffing is the process of monitoring and capturing all the packets passing through a given network using sniffing tools. It is a form of “tapping phone wires” and get to know about the conversation. It is also called wiretapping applied to the computer networks.
There is so much possibility that if a set of enterprise switch ports is open, then one of their employees can sniff the whole traffic of the network. Anyone in the same physical location can plug into the network using Ethernet cable or connect wirelessly to that network and sniff the total traffic.
In other words, Sniffing allows you to see all sorts of traffic, both protected and unprotected. In the right conditions and with the right protocols in place, an attacking party may be able to gather information that can be used for further attacks or to cause other issues for the network or system owner.
Introduction to Cyber security module - IIITAMBEMAHENDRA1
This document provides an overview of information and network detection topics including identification and authorization, intrusion detection systems, firewalls, VPN security, and cloud security. Identification means claiming an identity, authentication proves identity, and authorization determines access rights. Intrusion detection systems monitor for malicious activity via signature-based detection of known threats or anomaly-based detection of abnormal behavior. Firewalls control network traffic based on rules and establish barriers between trusted internal networks and other networks like the Internet. VPNs extend private networks securely across public networks using encryption. Cloud security focuses on identity management, physical security, personnel security, availability, application security, and privacy.
This document summarizes security issues and threats related to wireless sensor networks. It discusses how sensor networks deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to attacks due to resource limitations. Common attacks include falsifying data, extracting private information, compromising network readings, and denial of service attacks. The document also analyzes security requirements at the link layer, including access control, message integrity, confidentiality, and discusses specific attacks like selective forwarding, sinkhole attacks, and HELLO flooding.
Protecting location privacy in sensor networks against a global eavesdropperJPINFOTECH JAYAPRAKASH
The document proposes two techniques - periodic collection and source simulation - to prevent leakage of location information in sensor networks from a global eavesdropper. Periodic collection provides high location privacy while source simulation provides tradeoffs between privacy, communication cost, and latency. The techniques are efficient and effective at providing source and sink location privacy compared to existing methods that only defend against local adversaries.
In our research work we are improving the performance of mobile ad hoc networks under jamming attack by using an integrated approach. The proposed work includes a network with high mobility, using IEEE Along g standard jamming attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A firewall manages secure network traffic flow between trusted and untrusted networks. It monitors traffic and acts as a barrier. Firewalls differ from antivirus software which protects against internal threats rather than external network attacks. Firewall types include packet filtering, stateful inspection, proxy, and next generation firewalls. A firewall's functions are to securely allow authorized network traffic while restricting unauthorized access and monitoring all network activity.
The document discusses network migration to 3G and 4G cellular technologies on a global scale. It shows that the majority of subscribers worldwide remain on 2G networks, with 3G adoption highest in Western Europe and North America at 32.27% and 46.77%, respectively. The migration process requires significant investments and takes multiple years to complete due to factors such as spectrum acquisition, network upgrades, and consumer adoption of new devices.
Intervento del Prof. Giancarlo Capitani, Amministratore Delegato di NetConsulting all'Executive Dinner di Castellazzo Bormida (AL) organizzata da ZeroUno per Cedacri
Building Software Solutions Using Web 2.0 TechnologiesAspire Systems
This document summarizes a webinar on building software solutions using Web 2.0 technologies. It introduces the panelists and their backgrounds working with Web 2.0. It then discusses key Web 2.0 principles, design architectures, techniques, enabling technologies, challenges, and two examples of companies applying Web 2.0 - Biz-LX which delivers ethics learning experiences and Aspire Systems which provides outsourced product development.
Going On-Demand: IaaS, PaaS Or Solution AcceleratorsAspire Systems
The document provides an overview of a webinar on going on-demand with IaaS, PaaS or solution accelerators. It introduces the speaker and agenda which includes demystifying the cloud, key decision points and a decision tree for determining the best approach. It then outlines factors to consider for various decisions around development strategy, databases, hosting and more.
This presentation provides an overview of firewalls and their limitations. It discusses how firewalls are designed to control data flows but have hardware, memory, time, and logic constraints. The presentation then demonstrates common attack techniques like impersonation and session hijacking that can bypass firewalls. It shows how easily available hacking tools allow attacks to be performed with little skill or effort. The key point is that while firewalls provide some security, a holistic security program is needed to fully prevent, detect, and respond to threats.
This presentation provides an overview of firewalls and their limitations. It discusses how firewalls are designed to control data flows but have hardware, memory, time, and logic constraints. The presentation then demonstrates common attack techniques like impersonation and session hijacking that can bypass firewalls. It shows how easily available hacking tools allow attacks to be performed with little skill or effort. The key point is that while firewalls provide some security, a holistic security program is needed to fully prevent, detect, and respond to threats.
This presentation provides an overview of firewalls and their limitations. It discusses how firewalls are designed to control data flows but have hardware, memory, time, and logic constraints. The presentation then demonstrates common attack techniques like impersonation and session hijacking that can bypass firewalls. It shows how easily available hacking tools allow attacks to be performed with little skill or effort. The conclusion is that firewalls must be part of a comprehensive security program, as they cannot prevent, detect, or respond to attacks alone.
This document discusses security technologies taught in an Illinois Institute of Technology course. It covers firewalls, intrusion detection systems, dial-up protection, and other topics. The learning objectives are to define types of firewalls, discuss firewall implementation approaches, and understand technologies like encryption and biometrics. Firewalls examined include packet filtering, proxy, stateful inspection, dynamic, and kernel proxy firewalls. Intrusion detection systems can be host-based or network-based, using signatures or anomalies. Remote authentication and terminal access control systems help secure dial-up access.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, how they work, types of firewalls, and their history. A firewall is a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network based on a set of rules. There are different types, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to only allow authorized traffic according to a security policy while protecting internal systems. They provide advantages such as restricting access and hiding internal network information but can also limit some network connectivity.
This document discusses firewalls, including their definition, history, types, and purposes. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network based on a set of security rules. There are different types of firewalls, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to restrict network access and protect internal systems by only allowing authorized traffic according to a security policy.
Whenyour computer isconnected to the Internet, you expose your computer to a variety of potentialthreats. The Internet isdesigned in such a waythat if you have access to the Internet, all other computers on the Internet canconnect to yourcomputer.Thisleavesyouvulnerable to variouscommonattacks. This isespeciallytroubling as severalpopular programs open services on your computer thatallowothers to view files on your computer! Whilethisfunctionalityisexpected, the difficultyisthatsecurityerrors are detectedthatalwaysallow hackers to attackyour computer with the ability to view or destroy sensitive information stored on your computer. To protectyour computer fromsuchattacksyouneed to "teach" your computer to ignore or resistexternaltestingattempts. The commonname for such a program is Firewall. A firewall is software thatcreates a secureenvironmentwhosefunctionis to block or restrictincoming and outgoing information over a network. These firewalls actually do not work and are not suitable for business premises to maintain information securitywhilesupporting free exchange of ideas. Firewall are becoming more and more sophisticated in the day, and new features are beingadded all the time, sothat, despitecriticism and intimidatingdevelopmentmethods, they are still a powerfuldefense. In thispaper, weread a network firewall thathelps the corporateenvironment and other networks thatwant to exchange information over the network. The firewall protects the flow of trafficthrough the internet and limits the amount of external and internal information and provides the internal user with the illusion of anonymous FTP and www online communications.
Its is project based on one of the most interesting and wide topic of Computer Science, named Cyber Security
CONTENT :
1. What is Cyber Security
2. Why Cyber Security is Important
3. Brief History
4. Security Timeline
5. Architecture
6. Cyber Attack Methods
7. Technology for Cyber Secuirty
8. Development in Cyber Security
9. Future Trend in Cyber Security
Firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and filters it based on predefined security rules. It establishes a barrier between internal secure networks and external untrusted networks like the internet. There are different types of firewalls including packet filtering, stateful inspection, and application-level firewalls. Firewalls provide advantages like network reliability, simplicity of implementation, and cost-effectiveness. However, they also have disadvantages such as potential performance issues and not providing other security features like antivirus. Education is needed on firewall security automation and processes to improve business efficiency.
A firewall is hardware or software that filters network traffic by allowing or denying transmission based on a set of rules to protect networks from unauthorized access. There are two main types - network layer firewalls which filter at the IP address and port level, and application layer firewalls which can filter traffic from specific applications like FTP or HTTP. A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is a physical or logical sub-network exposed to an untrusted network like the internet that contains external-facing services, protected from internal networks by firewalls. Firewalls provide security benefits like restricting access to authorized users and preventing intrusions from untrusted networks.
Network security refers to protecting computer networks from unauthorized access and system threats. Effective network security implements measures like firewalls, encryption, and user authentication to restrict access and ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network resources. As networks and threats evolve, network security requires an adaptive, layered approach using tools like antivirus software, intrusion detection, and biometrics alongside continued software and hardware advances.
Investigation, Design and Implementation of a SecureFiras Alsayied
1) The document outlines a network design project for the University of Tripoli that involves designing the network infrastructure and implementing security policies and protocols.
2) The design includes VLANs, firewalls, VPN access, and wireless access across multiple engineering departments.
3) The implementation phase focuses on secure configuration of network devices, access control lists, firewall rules, encrypted management access, and a captive portal for wireless users.
A firewall is a network security device that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of security rules. It protects internal networks from unauthorized external access. There are three main types of firewalls: network layer firewalls that filter traffic at the IP level, application layer firewalls that filter traffic by application, and proxy firewalls that intercept traffic and act as an intermediary. Firewalls use packet filtering, proxy services, or stateful inspection to screen traffic and enforce the security policy of an organization. They help control access between networks with different trust levels, such as between the highly trusted internal network and the less trusted internet.
A firewall is a network security device that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of security rules. It protects internal networks from unauthorized external access. There are three main types of firewalls: network layer firewalls that filter traffic at the IP level, application layer firewalls that filter traffic by application, and proxy firewalls that intercept traffic and act as an intermediary. Firewalls use packet filtering, proxy services, or stateful inspection to screen traffic and enforce the security policy of an organization. They help control access between networks with different trust levels, such as between the highly trusted internal network and the less trusted internet.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, their history, types, and basic concepts. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network or computer. There are different types, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to only allow authorized traffic according to a security policy while protecting systems from outside penetration. They provide advantages like concentrating security but also disadvantages like potentially blocking some network access.
This document discusses graphics hardware components. It describes various graphics input devices like the mouse, joystick, light pen etc. and how they are either analog or digital. It then covers common graphics output devices such as CRT displays, plasma displays, LCDs and 3D viewing systems. It provides details on the internal components and working of CRT displays. It also discusses graphics storage formats and the architecture of raster and random graphics systems.
The document describes different algorithms for filling polygon and area shapes, including scanline fill, boundary fill, and flood fill algorithms. The scanline fill algorithm works by determining intersections of boundaries with scanlines and filling color between intersections. Boundary fill works by starting from an interior point and recursively "painting" neighboring points until the boundary is reached. Flood fill replaces a specified interior color. Both can be 4-connected or 8-connected. The document also discusses problems that can occur and more efficient span-based approaches.
This document discusses techniques for filling 2D shapes and regions in raster graphics. It covers seed fill algorithms that start with an interior seed point and grow outward, filling neighboring pixels. Boundary fill and flood fill are described as variations. The document also discusses raster-based filling that processes shapes one scanline at a time. Methods for filling polygons are presented, including using the even-odd rule or winding number rule to determine if a point is inside the polygon boundary.
The document derives Bresenham's line algorithm for drawing lines on a discrete grid. It starts with the line equation and defines variables for the slope and intercept. It then calculates the distance d1 and d2 from the line to two possible pixel locations and expresses their difference in terms of the slope and intercept. By multiplying this difference by the change in x, it removes the floating point slope value, resulting in an integer comparison expression. This is defined recursively to draw each subsequent pixel, using pre-computed constants. The initial p0 value is also derived from the line endpoint coordinates.
The document discusses algorithms for drawing lines and circles on a discrete pixel display. It begins by describing what characteristics an "ideal line" would have on such a display. It then introduces several algorithms for drawing lines, including the simple line algorithm, digital differential analyzer (DDA) algorithm, and Bresenham's line algorithm. The Bresenham algorithm is described in detail, as it uses only integer calculations. Next, a simple potential circle drawing algorithm is presented and its shortcomings discussed. Finally, the more accurate and efficient mid-point circle algorithm is described. This algorithm exploits the eight-way symmetry of circles and uses incremental calculations to determine the next pixel point.
The document provides an introduction to XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations), including:
1) It discusses XSLT basics like using templates to extract values from XML and output them, using for-each loops to process multiple elements, and if/choose for decisions.
2) It covers XPath for addressing parts of an XML document, and functions like contains() and position().
3) The document gives examples of transforming sample XML data using XSLT templates, value-of, and apply-templates.
XML documents can be represented and stored in memory as tree structures using models like DOM and XDM. XPath is an expression language used to navigate and select parts of an XML tree. It allows traversing elements and their attributes, filtering nodes by properties or position, and evaluating paths relative to a context node. While XPath expressions cannot modify the document, they are commonly used with languages like XSLT and XQuery which can transform or extract data from XML trees.
This document provides an overview of XML programming and XML documents. It discusses the physical and logical views of an XML document, document structure including the root element, and how XML documents are commonly stored as text files. It also summarizes how an XML parser reads and validates an XML document by checking its syntax and structure. The document then covers various XML components in more detail, such as elements, attributes, character encoding, entities, processing instructions, well-formedness, validation via DTDs, and document modeling.
XML Schema provides a way to formally define and validate the structure and content of XML documents. It allows defining elements, attributes, and data types, as well as restrictions like length, pattern, and value ranges. DTD is more limited and cannot validate data types. XML Schema is written in XML syntax, uses XML namespaces, and provides stronger typing capabilities compared to DTD. It allows defining simple and complex element types, attributes, and restrictions to precisely describe the expected structure and values within XML documents.
This document discusses style sheet languages like CSS that are used to control the presentation of XML documents. CSS allows one to specify things like fonts, colors, spacing etc. for different elements in an XML file. A single XML file can then be formatted in multiple ways just by changing the associated CSS stylesheet without modifying the XML content. The document provides examples of using CSS selectors, rules and properties to style elements in an XML file and controlling presentation aspects like layout of elements on a page. It also discusses how to link the CSS stylesheet to an XML file using processing instructions.
An attribute declaration specifies attributes for elements in a DTD. It defines the attribute name, data type or permissible values, and required behavior. For example, an attribute may have a default value if not provided, be optional, or require a value. Notations can label non-XML data types and unparsed entities can import binary files. Together DTDs and entities provide a schema to describe document structure and relationships.
This document discusses XML web services and their components. It defines XML web services as software services exposed on the web through the SOAP protocol and described with WSDL and registered in UDDI. It describes how SOAP is used for communication, WSDL describes service interfaces, and UDDI allows for service discovery. Examples of web services are provided. The architecture of web services is shown involving clients, services, and standards. Finally, it discusses how XML data can be transformed to HTML for display in web pages using XSLT transformation rules.
This document provides an introduction and overview of XML. It explains that XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used for data transportation and storage in a platform and language neutral way. XML plays an important role in data exchange on the web. The document discusses the history of XML and how it was developed as an improvement over SGML and HTML by allowing users to define their own tags to structure data for storage and interchange. It also provides details on the pros and cons of XML compared to other markup languages.
This document provides instructions for packaging and deploying a J2EE application that was developed in IBM Rational Application Developer. It describes resetting the database to its original state, exporting the application as an EAR file, using the WebSphere administrative console to install the EAR file on the application server, and testing the application in a web browser. The goal is to simulate taking an application developed in a development environment and deploying it to a production server.
This document provides an overview of key Java enterprise technologies including JNDI, JMS, JPA and XML. It discusses the architecture and usage of JNDI for accessing naming and directory services. It also covers the point-to-point and publish/subscribe messaging models of JMS, the core JMS programming elements like connection factories, connections and destinations, and how applications use these elements to send and receive messages. Finally, it briefly introduces JPA for object-relational mapping and the role of XML.
The document discusses the benefits of using Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) for developing Java EE applications. It explains that EJBs provide infrastructure for developing and deploying mission-critical, enterprise applications by handling common tasks like database connectivity and transaction management. The three types of EJBs - session, entity, and message-driven beans - are described as well as how they are contained in EJB containers.
This document provides an overview of JSP and Struts programming. It discusses the advantages of JSP over servlets, the JSP lifecycle, and basic JSP elements like scriptlets, expressions, directives. It also covers creating simple JSP pages, the JSP API, and using scripting elements to include Java code in JSP pages.
This document provides lecture notes on servlet programming. It covers topics like the introduction to servlets, GET and POST methods, the lifecycle of a servlet, servlet interfaces like Servlet, GenericServlet and HttpServlet. It also discusses request dispatching in servlets, session management techniques and servlet filters. Code examples are provided to demonstrate servlet implementation and request dispatching.
The document discusses Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and provides details about its core components and usage. It covers:
1) The four core components of JDBC - drivers, connections, statements, and result sets.
2) The four types of JDBC drivers and examples of each.
3) How to use JDBC to connect to a database, execute queries using statements, iterate through result sets, and update data. Prepared statements are also discussed.
The document is a set of lecture notes on Enterprise Java from January to June 2014 prepared by Mr. Hitesh Kumar Sharma and Mr. Ravi Tomar. It covers core J2EE technologies, enterprise application architectures like 2-tier, 3-tier and n-tier, advantages and disadvantages of architectures, J2EE application servers, web containers and EJB containers. The notes are to be submitted by B.Tech CS VI semester students specializing in MFT, O&G, OSS and CCVT.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Bypassing firewalls
1. Adam Gowdiak
Techniques used
for bypassing
firewall systems
presented by
9th TF-CSIRT Meeting, 29-30th May 2003, Warsaw
Copyright@2003PoznanSupercomputingandNetworkingCenter,Poland
2. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
2
§ POL34-CERT is part of Poznan Supercomputing and
Networking Center, the operator of the Polish Scientific
Broadband Network POL34/155
§ It has been established in 2000 to provide effective incident
response service to members and users of the POL34/155
network
§ The primary goal was to provide active incident handling with
high quality technical support which can be guaranteed by
seven years of experience acquired by the Security Team of
PSNC
About POL34-CERT
Who we are?
3. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
3
§ An adequate technical support while handling security
incidents and recovering from their consequences
§ Complex co-ordination of all responses to an incident with
special emphasis on exchanging information between various
interested parties
§ Valuable educational materials aimed at increasing the
awareness of security as well as improving the overall
knowledge of security techniques among the members of
the constituency
About POL34-CERT
Mission statement
4. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
4
The declared constituency of
POL34-CERT contains all those
systems connected to POL34/155
network i.e. networks of most
academic and scientific institutions
in Poland
About POL34-CERT
Constituency
5. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
5
§ Security administration of the POL34/155 network
infrastructure and PSNC’s supercomputing resources
§ Performing real-life, large scale penetration tests for third
parties (both commercial and educational ones)
§ Participation as security consultants in research projects
founded by Polish Academy of Sciences and EC
§ Extensive knowledge of attack methodologies and techniques
§ Continuous security vulnerability research
PSNC Security Team
Our experience
6. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
6
Introduction
Presentation motivations
§ Practical security is based both on knowledge about
protection as well as about threats
§ If one wants to attack a computer system, he needs
knowledge about its protection mechanisms and their
possible limitations
§ If one wants to defend his system, he should be aware of
attack techniques, their real capabilities and their
possible impact
7. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
7
Introduction
Presentation thesis
n The difficulty of securing a given network
infrastructure goes along with its size and complexity
n Securing a network infrastructure is a continuous
process, that should have its beginning in the design
phase
n Security is not a product, (Bruce Schneier)
n Firewalls are not the end-all, be-all solution to
information security
n You can never feel 100% secure...
8. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
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Firewall systems
Introduction
n They got particularly popular around 1996 - the time
where some new attack techniques emerged (buffer
overflows, remote exploits)
n Their primary goal was to provide traffic control and
monitoring
n They enforce the security policy represented by a set
of rules, specifying what is explicitly permitted/denied
n They usually interconnect two or more logical networks
- public and a private ones
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Firewall systems
Evolution
corporate networkcorporate network
InternetInternet
FIREWALLFIREWALL
corporatecorporate
networknetwork
InternetInternet
BastionBastion
InternalInternal
routerrouter
ExternalExternal
routerrouter
corporatecorporate
networknetwork
InternetInternet
BastionBastion
demilitariseddemilitarised
zone (DMZ)zone (DMZ) FIREWALLFIREWALL
FIREWALLFIREWALL
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Firewall systems
Types and operation
Network
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Data Link
Physical
Data Link
Physical
Network NetworkNetwork
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Data Link
Physical
Data Link
Physical
Network Network
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Packet level filtering
Application level filtering
Transport
Telnet Ftp Http
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Firewall systems
State of the art
n They run as part of the OS kernel (KLM)
n They use some advanced algorithms for stateful traffic
analysis (Adaptive Security Analysis, Stateful Inspection)
n They can hide information from the outside about the
internal logic of the protected network (NAT, PAT, DNS
Proxy)
n They can authenticate users with the use of different
authentication methods (SecureID, RADIUS, AXENT,
TACACS, Vasco, S/Key)
n They can do some limited content filtering (Java,
ActiveX)
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Firewall systems
State of the art (2)
n They can be extended by 3rd party products (OSPF)
n They can transparently proxy some common
application services (FTP, telnet)
n They provide support for:
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol),
• LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) ,
• ODBC (integration with relational databases),
• X.509 (certificates exchange)
n They also include support for implementing VPN (DES,
RC-4, MD5, SHA-1, SKIP, IPSec, IKE)
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Firewall systems
State of the art (3)
They are able to analyze most of the common:
n applications protocols:
dns, echo, finger, ftp, irc, NetBeui, ras, rexec, rlogin, rsh, smb, snmp, syslog,
telnet, tftp, time, uucp, X11, smtp, pop2, pop3, Microsoft Exchange, gopher,
http, nntp, wais, egp, ggp, grp, ospf, rip
n multimedia protocols:
Cooltalk, Partners, CU-SeeMe, FreeTel, H.323, Internet Phone, NetMeeting,
NetShow, RealAudio/Video, StreamWorks, Vosaic, Web Theater
n database protocols:
Cooltalk, Partners, CU-SeeMe, FreeTel, H.323, Internet Phone, NetMeeting,
Lotus Notes, MS SQL Server, SQLNet* by Oracle, SQL Server by Sybase
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Firewall systems
The risks
n They are pretty complex piece of software!!! (the Linux
KLM binary of Checkpoint FW 1 NW is 1.2 MB bytes
long)
n Commercial firewall systems are closed software,
which means that no one has really put them under
the glass in a search for security problems...
n Over the last couple of years there has been just
several bugs found in them...
n Do you still believe they are bug free ??
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Firewall systems
The risks (2)
n They just filter traffic coming from/to your network
n They can handle dozens of application protocols, but
unfortunately cannot protect you against malicious
content
n Security level of a network protected by a firewall
system depends on many factors (DNS, routing
infrastructure, security of client software...)
n There is always a great risk associated with the so
called „human error”
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Introduction to attack techniques
The usual firewall deployment model
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
WWWWWW
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
INTERNETINTERNET
Corporate networkCorporate network
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
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Introduction to attack techniques
The rules people usually forget about
n „The weakest point” rule - your network is as secure as
its weakest point
n „The defense in depth” rule - the security of your
network should not rely on the efficacy of a one and a
given security mechanism
n „Choke points” rule - any security mechanism is
completely useless if there exist a way to bypass it
18. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
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Introduction to attack techniques
The myths people usually believe
n I am not going to be the target of a hack attack
n Even if so, attackers are not skilled enough to get into
my network (NEVER, but NEVER UNDERESTIMATE
YOUR OPPONENT)
n My 10k$ worth firewall system is unbeatable, I have
put it at my front door and I am sure that it provides
me with a high level of security
If you believe any of the above, sooner or later
YOU WILL BE LOSTYOU WILL BE LOST!
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Firewall attack techniques
Attackers goals
To be able to communicate with/access services of
systems located in a corporate network.
To run code of attackers choice at some workstation
/server located inside the attacked corporate network.
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Firewall attack techniques
Attackers goals (2)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
Attackers
code
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
Backward connection to attackers
host through HTTP (port 80)
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Firewall attack techniques
The past
n Packet fragmentation
n Source porting (can be still used occasionally)
n Source routing
n Vulnerabilities in TCP/IP stack
n FTP PASV related application proxy vulnerabilities
(dynamic rules were created without properly assuring
that the PASV response string was part of a legitimate
FTP connection)
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Firewall attack techniques
The present
n Attacks through external systems
The goal: to use some trust relationship between the
internal network’s systems and systems from the
outside in order to get access to the internal network.
n Attacks through content (passive attacks)
The goal: to provide user with a content that when
dealt with (opened) will execute attacker’s provided
code
n Man in the middle attacks
The goal: to inject content into user traffic in such a
way so that attack through content will occur
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
Getting in through trusted external systems can be
accomplished by first compromising the machines from
which access to the internal network is permitted.
This might include:
n home machine of the workers of the company
n the network of the 3rd party that does remote
administration/outsourcing for the attacked company
n the network of the company’s office in some other
location/country
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems (2)
Getting in through non trusted external systems can be
accomplished in several ways:
n throughout the exploitation of a vulnerability in a client
software (SecureCRT, ftp, ...)
n by obtaining user credential information/other
sensitive data from the user X screen grabbing
n throughout the combination of the above, Netscape
/Mozilla remote control capabilities and a JVM
vulnerability
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
User works (SSH session, Xforward)
with some external system
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
Attacker steals user’s
X-MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
Attacker connects to user’s
XDisplay
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
Attacker finds WindowID of
the running Netscape 4.x/
Mozilla process on user’s system
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
Attacker issues openURL() command
to the found window
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
User’s web browser connects with
the attacker’s WWW server
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
compromised system
Attacker inserts malicious payload
into the requested web page
(Java applet)
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through external systems
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW CommunicationCommunication
serverserver
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
Attackers
code
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
Attacker’s code gets executed
on the user’s machine
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through content
Sending mail to the victim user containing:
n an executable file
n Microsoft Office document exploiting the macro bypass
vulnerability
n HTML mail body exploiting a flaw in Internet
Explorer/Outlook Express or Netscape leading to the
code execution
DEMONSTRATION
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Firewall attack techniques
File formats vulnerable to the “infection”
There are many file formats used for holding text,
graphics or multimedia data that can be used as a
carrier of a malicious content.
EXE,COM,BAT,PS, PDF CDR (Corel Draw)
DVB,DWG (AutoCad) SMM (AMI Pro)
DOC,DOT,CNV,ASD (MS Word) XLS,XLB,XLT (MS Excel)
ADP, MDA,MDB,MDE,MDN,MDZ (MS Access) VSD (Visio)
MPP,MPT (MS Project) PPT,PPS,POT (MS PowerPoint)
MSG,OTM (MS Outlook) WPD,WPT (WordPerfect)
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Firewall attack techniques
Attacks through content (2)
n software installation files (RealPlayer, Winamp, web
browsers, ...)
n software for mobile phones
n screen savers
n „funny” content in an executable form
Hacking some highly popular WWW/FTP server and
putting a trojan horse file on it
Backdooring source code of some very popular and
critical Internet service (apache, bind, sendmail, ...)
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
You cannot look at the security of your network only from
the LAN/firewall perspective
There are also many other things you should take into
account because they may influence the security of your
network:
n DNS service
n routing/security of routes
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
Attacker owns corporate DNS
server or can spoof DNS replies to it
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
User enters www.yahoo.com
address in his web browser
yahoo
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
Web browser requests the name of
www.yahoo.com from the
corporate DNS server
yahoo
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
The reply he gets points to
the attacker’s machine
yahoo
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
yahoo
User’s web browser connects with
the attacker’s WWW server
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
yahoo
Attacker connects with the real host
It tunnels user’s HTTP traffic
to www.yahoo.com
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
yahoo
Attacker inserts malicious payload
into the requested web page
(Java applet)
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Firewall attack techniques
Man in the middle attacks
(case study)
IntranetIntranet
serverserver
DatabaseDatabase
serverserver
Corporate networkCorporate network
WWWWWW DNSDNS ServerServer
Demilitarised zone (DMZ)Demilitarised zone (DMZ)
INTERNETINTERNET
Attacker
yahoo
Attackers
code
Attacker’s code gets executed
on the user’s machine
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Firewall attack techniques
DNS attacks are still the real threat
DNS can be quite successfully manipulated through the
use of DNS spoofing („birthday attack” in particular)
46. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
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Firewall attack techniques
DNS attacks are still the real threat (2)
Although the CERT® Advisory CA-2002-31 from November 2002
(Multiple Vulnerabilities in BIND) was issued there are still many
BIND servers that are vulnerable to the „cached SIG record”
buffer overflow attack
As of February 2003, there were more than 40% of them...
Why ?? Do we have such a situation because there was no
official exploit code published for this issue ??
THE CODE FOR THIS ISSUE EXIST
47. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
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Firewall attack techniques
Short digression
Which Web Browser is in your opinion the most secure?
Which one do you use:
- Internet Explorer
- Netscape
- Mozilla
- Opera
- any other ?
48. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
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Firewall attack techniques
Short digression (2)
This page contained information about not-yet disclosed
security vulnerability.
Vendor has been provided with technical details of the bug
on June 2nd 2003.
DEMONSTRATION
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Firewall attack techniques
Final words
n Attacker needs to find only one weakness in your
security infrastructure
n You are required to have none of them/all of them
patched
n Your security depends on the security of many, many
components...
n Skilled, motivated attackers are the real threat and
they are really out there...
50. Copyright @ 2003 Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center, POL34-CERT
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Finally
The End
Thank you for your attention!
adam.gowdiak@man.poznan.pl
Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center
http://www.man.poznan.pl
CERT-POL34
http://cert.pol34.pl