IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This C program code generates elastic response spectra including displacement, pseudo-acceleration, and pseudo-velocity spectra needed for structural response spectrum analysis. The code uses the Newmark linear method to solve the equation of motions for different periods. It inputs ground motion acceleration data, performs the analysis, and outputs the response spectra and graphs the results in an HTML file for visualization.
Processing Reachability Queries with Realistic Constraints on Massive Network...BigMine
Massive graphs are ubiquitous in various application domains, such as social networks, road networks, communication networks, biological networks, RDF graphs, and so on. Such graphs are massive (for example, with hundreds of millions of nodes and edges or even more) and contain rich information (for example, node/edge weights, labels and textual contents). In such massive graphs, an important class of problems is to process various graph structure related queries. Graph reachability, as an example, asks whether a node can reach another in a graph. However, the large graph scale presents new challenges for efficient query processing.
In this talk, I will introduce two new yet important types of graph reachability queries: weight constraint reachability that imposes edge weight constraint on the answer path, and k-hop reachability that imposes a length constraint on the answer path. With such realistic constraints, we can find more meaningful and practically feasible answers. These two reachablity queries have wide applications in many real-world problems, such as QoS routing and trip planning.
Solvability of Fractionl q -Difference Equations of Order 2 3 Involving ...journal ijrtem
This document summarizes a research paper that studies the existence of solutions for nonlinear fractional q-difference equations involving the p-Laplacian operator with boundary conditions where α is between 3/2 and 2. The paper represents the solution of the boundary value problem as an integral equation and proves, under certain conditions, that the nonlinear fractional boundary value problem has a unique solution using the Banach contraction mapping principle. It also provides relevant definitions and preliminary results from fractional q-calculus that are used in the analysis.
Ferl GZ, Wu HM, Zhang X, Huang SC (2007), “Estimation of FDG input function in mice using a compartmental model fitted to dynamic microPET data and 2 blood samples”, Society of Nuclear Medicine 54th Annual Meeting, Washington DC.
This document provides equations and formulas for inventory management. It covers topics like economic order quantity, reorder levels, forecasting demand, material requirements planning, and just-in-time systems. Key equations calculate optimal order quantity, cycle time, variable and total costs, reorder levels, forecasting methods, production and demand balances, material requirements, and kanban quantities. The document is a comprehensive reference for quantitative inventory management models and their underlying formulas.
2D Graphics. Description of 2D graphic operations in Qt4. In this Chapter, you can learn how to handle the graphic scenes, views, and items in the Qt program.
The document describes a method called the "Four Russians method" to speed up Bayesian Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classification by exploiting repetition in long observation sequences. The key ideas are to break the observation sequence into blocks of length k and compute the forward variables only at block boundaries, and to sample the hidden state sequence block-by-block from the backward-forward distribution rather than the full backward distribution. This reduces the computational complexity from O(TN^2) to O(TNk/k^2) = O(TN/k).
This C program code generates elastic response spectra including displacement, pseudo-acceleration, and pseudo-velocity spectra needed for structural response spectrum analysis. The code uses the Newmark linear method to solve the equation of motions for different periods. It inputs ground motion acceleration data, performs the analysis, and outputs the response spectra and graphs the results in an HTML file for visualization.
Processing Reachability Queries with Realistic Constraints on Massive Network...BigMine
Massive graphs are ubiquitous in various application domains, such as social networks, road networks, communication networks, biological networks, RDF graphs, and so on. Such graphs are massive (for example, with hundreds of millions of nodes and edges or even more) and contain rich information (for example, node/edge weights, labels and textual contents). In such massive graphs, an important class of problems is to process various graph structure related queries. Graph reachability, as an example, asks whether a node can reach another in a graph. However, the large graph scale presents new challenges for efficient query processing.
In this talk, I will introduce two new yet important types of graph reachability queries: weight constraint reachability that imposes edge weight constraint on the answer path, and k-hop reachability that imposes a length constraint on the answer path. With such realistic constraints, we can find more meaningful and practically feasible answers. These two reachablity queries have wide applications in many real-world problems, such as QoS routing and trip planning.
Solvability of Fractionl q -Difference Equations of Order 2 3 Involving ...journal ijrtem
This document summarizes a research paper that studies the existence of solutions for nonlinear fractional q-difference equations involving the p-Laplacian operator with boundary conditions where α is between 3/2 and 2. The paper represents the solution of the boundary value problem as an integral equation and proves, under certain conditions, that the nonlinear fractional boundary value problem has a unique solution using the Banach contraction mapping principle. It also provides relevant definitions and preliminary results from fractional q-calculus that are used in the analysis.
Ferl GZ, Wu HM, Zhang X, Huang SC (2007), “Estimation of FDG input function in mice using a compartmental model fitted to dynamic microPET data and 2 blood samples”, Society of Nuclear Medicine 54th Annual Meeting, Washington DC.
This document provides equations and formulas for inventory management. It covers topics like economic order quantity, reorder levels, forecasting demand, material requirements planning, and just-in-time systems. Key equations calculate optimal order quantity, cycle time, variable and total costs, reorder levels, forecasting methods, production and demand balances, material requirements, and kanban quantities. The document is a comprehensive reference for quantitative inventory management models and their underlying formulas.
2D Graphics. Description of 2D graphic operations in Qt4. In this Chapter, you can learn how to handle the graphic scenes, views, and items in the Qt program.
The document describes a method called the "Four Russians method" to speed up Bayesian Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classification by exploiting repetition in long observation sequences. The key ideas are to break the observation sequence into blocks of length k and compute the forward variables only at block boundaries, and to sample the hidden state sequence block-by-block from the backward-forward distribution rather than the full backward distribution. This reduces the computational complexity from O(TN^2) to O(TNk/k^2) = O(TN/k).
The document summarizes a study determining atmospheric stability classes in Mazoe, Zimbabwe over two years. The modified Pasquill-Gifford method was used to classify stability based on wind speed, solar radiation, temperature and other factors. Results showed neutral stability conditions (class D) were most prevalent, occurring over 60% of the time with moderate to strong winds and over 50% cloud cover. Classes A-C represented unstable conditions up to 20% of the time, while very stable classes E and F were rare or non-existent in 2012. In general, the atmosphere was found to be neutrally stable for dispersion of pollutants.
This document summarizes several circuit-level techniques for reducing leakage current in cache memories, including gated-Vdd, gated-ground, drowsy caches, and asymmetric SRAM cells. Gated-Vdd and gated-ground work by adding transistors to gate the supply voltage or ground in unused sections of the cache, reducing leakage through stacking effects. Drowsy caches put unused cache lines in a low-power "drowsy" mode instead of fully powering them off. Asymmetric SRAM cells use different threshold voltages for transistors to reduce leakage when certain bit values are stored. The techniques provide varying levels of leakage reduction from 40-97% but can increase access time or circuit area as tradeoffs
The document describes the design of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system for a college hostel using two methods. Method I is an analytical method that considers solar radiation data to size the PV array, batteries, and inverter. Method II does not use solar data but instead develops a load chart based on appliance power and usage. Both methods perform cost analyses to compare a conventional grid-tied system to a stand-alone PV system. As a case study, the hostel load is analyzed using both methods. Method I sizes the system to 312 PV panels, 19557 battery Ah, and a 41580W inverter. Method II develops a load chart and sizes the PV array based on the total load w
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses theorems related to list coloring of graphs. It begins with definitions of graph coloring, list coloring, and other graph theory concepts. It then discusses several important theorems in the area, including:
- Thomassen's 5-list coloring theorem, which states that planar graphs are 5-list colorable.
- A result showing that the list chromatic number of a graph is bounded above by the maximum degree plus one.
- Examples showing that planar graphs require lists of size at least 4, as 4-list coloring is not always possible.
- A relationship between list coloring and sum-list coloring, and results relating their parameters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new technique for data embedding and extraction in high resolution AVI videos. The technique encrypts a secret message before embedding it by alternately changing the LSB and LSB+3 bits of alternate bytes in the cover video file. An index is also created for the secret information and placed in a video frame to aid extraction. This technique aims to provide higher security, capacity and robustness compared to typical data embedding methods. The paper discusses related work on digital steganography techniques and the proposed video steganography algorithm in more detail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
- The document analyzes the effect of adding viscoelastic damping material (rubber) to propeller shaft structures made of steel, carbon epoxy, and e-glass epoxy.
- Finite element analysis is used to calculate damping factors, natural frequencies, and deflections both with and without the damping material.
- For all materials, the damping factor and natural frequency increased while deflection decreased when rubber was added, indicating improved vibration suppression. The increases ranged from 1.8-14.69% and decreases from 5.96-17.86% depending on the material.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed an anti-lock braking system controller using an FPGA. The system uses wheel speed sensors and an ADC to provide input to the FPGA controller. Based on the wheel speeds, the FPGA calculates required adjustments and sends control signals to drive circuits to adjust hydraulic pressure at each wheel. This helps regulate slip and improves braking performance compared to non-ABS systems. The FPGA design was implemented using VHDL and tested experimentally on a test vehicle.
El documento habla sobre la administración de riesgos financieros. Consiste en optimizar el desempeño financiero de los agentes económicos tomando en cuenta el rendimiento ajustado por riesgo. Tiene como objetivos prevenir pérdidas no esperadas y optimizar el desempeño financiero. Algunas funciones incluyen identificar riesgos, medir la exposición al riesgo, cuantificar el riesgo y diseñar estrategias para administrarlo. Se mencionan técnicas como la diversificación, aseguramiento y transferencia
Este documento introduce el concepto de gestión por resultados en el sector público. Explica que la gestión por resultados es una estrategia de gestión que vincula la asignación de recursos a resultados medibles para beneficiar a la población. Describe los componentes clave de la gestión por resultados como la planificación estratégica, el presupuesto por resultados, la generación de capacidades, los sistemas de incentivos y el seguimiento y evaluación. El objetivo final es mejorar la provisión de bienes y servicios públicos y la gestión del gasto público para mejorar
El documento describe las cinco revoluciones tecnológicas que han definido los paradigmas tecnológicos dominantes a través de la historia, incluyendo la revolución industrial, la era del acero y la electricidad, la era del automóvil y la producción en masa, y la era de la informática y las telecomunicaciones. Explica cómo cada revolución tecnológica se propagó a través de oleadas de desarrollo, trayendo cambios estructurales y sociales a medida que nuevas tecnologías se difundían globalmente.
This document presents an economic order quantity (EOQ) model that considers stock-dependent demand rate and variable time. The model aims to overcome limitations of prior models that treated parameters like α and β as constant. Five cases of the model are analyzed with different functional relationships between demand rate (r) and stock level (q), including: (1) log(q) relationship; (2) linear relationship; (3) inverse relationship; (4) quadratic relationship; and (5) inverse-linear relationship. For each case, the total cost function is derived and optimized to determine the optimal stock quantity level. The analysis shows how allowing parameters and time to vary provides a more accurate EOQ model for situations where demand depends
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes a study determining atmospheric stability classes in Mazoe, Zimbabwe over two years. The modified Pasquill-Gifford method was used to classify stability based on wind speed, solar radiation, temperature and other factors. Results showed neutral stability conditions (class D) were most prevalent, occurring over 60% of the time with moderate to strong winds and over 50% cloud cover. Classes A-C represented unstable conditions up to 20% of the time, while very stable classes E and F were rare or non-existent in 2012. In general, the atmosphere was found to be neutrally stable for dispersion of pollutants.
This document summarizes several circuit-level techniques for reducing leakage current in cache memories, including gated-Vdd, gated-ground, drowsy caches, and asymmetric SRAM cells. Gated-Vdd and gated-ground work by adding transistors to gate the supply voltage or ground in unused sections of the cache, reducing leakage through stacking effects. Drowsy caches put unused cache lines in a low-power "drowsy" mode instead of fully powering them off. Asymmetric SRAM cells use different threshold voltages for transistors to reduce leakage when certain bit values are stored. The techniques provide varying levels of leakage reduction from 40-97% but can increase access time or circuit area as tradeoffs
The document describes the design of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system for a college hostel using two methods. Method I is an analytical method that considers solar radiation data to size the PV array, batteries, and inverter. Method II does not use solar data but instead develops a load chart based on appliance power and usage. Both methods perform cost analyses to compare a conventional grid-tied system to a stand-alone PV system. As a case study, the hostel load is analyzed using both methods. Method I sizes the system to 312 PV panels, 19557 battery Ah, and a 41580W inverter. Method II develops a load chart and sizes the PV array based on the total load w
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses theorems related to list coloring of graphs. It begins with definitions of graph coloring, list coloring, and other graph theory concepts. It then discusses several important theorems in the area, including:
- Thomassen's 5-list coloring theorem, which states that planar graphs are 5-list colorable.
- A result showing that the list chromatic number of a graph is bounded above by the maximum degree plus one.
- Examples showing that planar graphs require lists of size at least 4, as 4-list coloring is not always possible.
- A relationship between list coloring and sum-list coloring, and results relating their parameters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new technique for data embedding and extraction in high resolution AVI videos. The technique encrypts a secret message before embedding it by alternately changing the LSB and LSB+3 bits of alternate bytes in the cover video file. An index is also created for the secret information and placed in a video frame to aid extraction. This technique aims to provide higher security, capacity and robustness compared to typical data embedding methods. The paper discusses related work on digital steganography techniques and the proposed video steganography algorithm in more detail.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
- The document analyzes the effect of adding viscoelastic damping material (rubber) to propeller shaft structures made of steel, carbon epoxy, and e-glass epoxy.
- Finite element analysis is used to calculate damping factors, natural frequencies, and deflections both with and without the damping material.
- For all materials, the damping factor and natural frequency increased while deflection decreased when rubber was added, indicating improved vibration suppression. The increases ranged from 1.8-14.69% and decreases from 5.96-17.86% depending on the material.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed an anti-lock braking system controller using an FPGA. The system uses wheel speed sensors and an ADC to provide input to the FPGA controller. Based on the wheel speeds, the FPGA calculates required adjustments and sends control signals to drive circuits to adjust hydraulic pressure at each wheel. This helps regulate slip and improves braking performance compared to non-ABS systems. The FPGA design was implemented using VHDL and tested experimentally on a test vehicle.
El documento habla sobre la administración de riesgos financieros. Consiste en optimizar el desempeño financiero de los agentes económicos tomando en cuenta el rendimiento ajustado por riesgo. Tiene como objetivos prevenir pérdidas no esperadas y optimizar el desempeño financiero. Algunas funciones incluyen identificar riesgos, medir la exposición al riesgo, cuantificar el riesgo y diseñar estrategias para administrarlo. Se mencionan técnicas como la diversificación, aseguramiento y transferencia
Este documento introduce el concepto de gestión por resultados en el sector público. Explica que la gestión por resultados es una estrategia de gestión que vincula la asignación de recursos a resultados medibles para beneficiar a la población. Describe los componentes clave de la gestión por resultados como la planificación estratégica, el presupuesto por resultados, la generación de capacidades, los sistemas de incentivos y el seguimiento y evaluación. El objetivo final es mejorar la provisión de bienes y servicios públicos y la gestión del gasto público para mejorar
El documento describe las cinco revoluciones tecnológicas que han definido los paradigmas tecnológicos dominantes a través de la historia, incluyendo la revolución industrial, la era del acero y la electricidad, la era del automóvil y la producción en masa, y la era de la informática y las telecomunicaciones. Explica cómo cada revolución tecnológica se propagó a través de oleadas de desarrollo, trayendo cambios estructurales y sociales a medida que nuevas tecnologías se difundían globalmente.
This document presents an economic order quantity (EOQ) model that considers stock-dependent demand rate and variable time. The model aims to overcome limitations of prior models that treated parameters like α and β as constant. Five cases of the model are analyzed with different functional relationships between demand rate (r) and stock level (q), including: (1) log(q) relationship; (2) linear relationship; (3) inverse relationship; (4) quadratic relationship; and (5) inverse-linear relationship. For each case, the total cost function is derived and optimized to determine the optimal stock quantity level. The analysis shows how allowing parameters and time to vary provides a more accurate EOQ model for situations where demand depends
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This paper provides alternative optimal expressions for determining matrices of a class of double-delay autonomous linear differential systems. The paper extends previous work by resolving ambiguities in permutations and analyzing computational complexity and cardinalities of determining matrices. Key results include theorems and corollaries that provide expressions for determining matrices ( )kQ jh in terms of sums of permutation products involving system matrices A, A1, A2. The expressions are proven to be consistent with previous work and fill gaps in the prior literature.
Operations research : Inventory/Production Managemet and Queueing TheoryThasneemRazia
This document provides an overview of inventory management and queueing theory models. It defines key inventory terms like direct inventory, indirect inventory, holding costs, shortage costs, and setup costs. It then summarizes several deterministic inventory models that make assumptions about demand rates and allow or disallow shortages. These include the EOQ model without shortages and models that incorporate shortages. The document also introduces concepts in queueing theory, such as different states a queueing system can be in and symbols used. It provides examples of M/M/S queueing models that assume Poisson arrivals and exponential service times.
Perishable Inventory Model Having Weibull Lifetime and Time Dependent DemandIOSR Journals
This document presents an inventory model for perishable items with Weibull deterioration rate and time-dependent demand. The model considers a finite replenishment rate and zero lead time. Differential equations are derived to determine the inventory level over time. Total cost is obtained considering ordering, holding, and purchasing costs. The optimal ordering quantity and policies are determined by maximizing profit rate. Numerical examples illustrate the sensitivity of the model to parameter changes.
This document describes the construction and selection of single sampling quick switching variables systems for given control limits that involve minimum sum of risks. It provides the procedure for finding the single sampling quick switching variables system that has the minimum sum of producer's and consumer's risk for a specified acceptable quality level and limiting quality level. A table is constructed that can be used to select a quick switching variables sampling system for given values of AQL and LQL that has the minimum sum of risks. The document also discusses how to design a quick switching variables sampling system with an unknown standard deviation that involves minimum sum of risks.
This document describes the construction and selection of single sampling quick switching variables systems for given control limits that involve minimum sum of risks. It provides the procedure for finding the single sampling quick switching variables system that has the minimum sum of producer's and consumer's risk for a specified acceptable quality level and limiting quality level. A table is constructed that can be used to select a quick switching variables sampling system for given values of AQL and LQL that has the minimum sum of risks. The document also discusses how to design a quick switching variables sampling system with an unknown standard deviation that involves minimum sum of risks.
Stochastic Order Level Inventory Model with Inventory Returns and Special Salestheijes
This article deals with a single period inventory model with inventory returns and special sales. The demand is assumed to occur in a uniform pattern during a planning period say, tp. Both non-deteriorating items and deteriorating items are considered for the discussion
The document discusses the EOQ (economic order quantity) inventory formula. It begins by explaining the variables and assumptions of the EOQ model, which determines the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs. It then discusses how the formula can be derived by setting the derivatives of total cost equations to zero. Finally, it explains that while the EOQ assumptions are unrealistic, the formula still works well due to cost functions being relatively flat near the optimum, and spreadsheets now allow evaluating costs without using the formula.
PID Controller Design for a Real Time Ball and Beam System – A Double Integra...idescitation
In this paper, the authors have discussed and shown
how to tune the PID controller in closed loop with time-delay
for the double integrator systems for a particular stability
margins. In math model it is assumed that time delay (ô) of
the plant is known. As a case study the authors have consid-
ered the mathematical model of the real-time beam and ball
system and analyzed the simulation and real time response.
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
This document proposes an acceptance sampling plan developed through maximum allowable percent defective (MAPD) having a single sampling plan as an attribute plan. It obtains test termination ratios by fixing MAPD and assuming lifetime follows different distributions like Burr XII, Weibull, log-logistic, and Rayleigh. It constructs operating characteristic functions and provides tables showing minimum sample sizes, acceptance probabilities, and test termination ratios for different distributions at fixed MAPD values. The plan aims to reduce test termination ratios and increase product mean life by introducing MAPD.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Sparse Random Network Coding for Reliable Multicast ServicesAndrea Tassi
Point-to-Multipoint communications are expected to play a pivotal role in next-generation networks. This talk refers to a cellular system transmitting layered multicast services to a Multicast Group (MG) of users. Reliability of communications is ensured via different Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) techniques. We deal with a fundamental problem: the computational complexity of the RLNC decoder. The higher the number of decoding operations is, the more the user's computational overhead grows and, consequently, the faster the batteries of mobile devices drain. By referring to several sparse RLNC techniques, and without any assumption on the implementation of the RLNC decoder in use, we provide an efficient way to characterize the performance of users targeted by ultra-reliable layered multicast services. The proposed modeling allows to efficiently derive the average number of coded packet transmissions needed to recover one or more service layers. We design a convex resource allocation framework that allows to minimize the complexity of the RLNC decoder by jointly optimizing the transmission parameters and the sparsity of the code. The designed optimization framework also ensures service guarantees to predetermined fractions of users. Performance of the proposed optimization framework is then investigated in a LTE-A eMBMS network multicasting H.264/SVC video.
Dynamic Programming approach in Two Echelon Inventory System with Repairable ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a two-echelon inventory system model with repairable items. The system consists of operating sites (base stations) and a depot. Each base station has inventory to fulfill failed item demands and is replenished from the depot. Failed items arrive at base stations according to a Poisson process and are inspected. Inspection times are exponential. Inspected items are either repaired at the depot or condemned. The system aims to determine optimal ordering policies to minimize average costs using Markov decision processes and dynamic programming. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the model.
This document presents a complete solution procedure for determining the optimal solutions to the EOQ and EPQ inventory models with linear and fixed backorder costs. It develops necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal solutions that satisfy the first-order conditions. It shows that if the conditions hold, the optimal solutions can be found by solving the first-order equations. If the conditions do not hold, alternative optimal solutions are identified as having zero backorders and a quantity based on demand and holding costs. The procedure improves upon prior works by providing a rigorous mathematical proof for locating and ensuring the optimal solutions.
A Closed-Form Approximation Solution for an Inventory Model with Supply Disru...dheimann5
The document presents a closed-form approximation solution for an inventory model that considers supply disruptions and a non-zero inventory reorder (non-ZIO) policy. It develops theorems that provide closed-form formulas for: 1) the optimal reorder quantity q* for a given reorder point r, 2) the optimal reorder point r* for a given q, and 3) the unique global optimal point (q**,r**). It also proves properties of the approximation, including that it is an upper bound on the exact cost. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate cost savings over the ZIO solution and the accuracy of the approximation.
Computation of Simple Robust PI/PID Controller Design for Time-Delay Systems ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a numerical optimization approach for designing robust PI and PID controllers for time-delay systems. The approach models processes using first-order plus dead time and second-order plus dead time transfer functions. It formulates the controller design as an optimization problem that maximizes stability margins while satisfying constraints related to transient response. The approach is demonstrated by deriving the characteristic equations for PI and PID control of a first-order process and setting up the optimization problems to design the controllers.
Nicolas Markey: LSV { ENS Cachan
(joint work with Francois Laroussinie)
Nord-Pas-de-Calais { Belgium congress of mathematics
Valenciennes, 28 October 2013
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
OpenID AuthZEN Interop Read Out - AuthorizationDavid Brossard
During Identiverse 2024 and EIC 2024, members of the OpenID AuthZEN WG got together and demoed their authorization endpoints conforming to the AuthZEN API
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
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By32474479
1. Anil R. Maisuriya, PravinH. Bhatawala / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.474-479
An EOQ Model With Stock Dependent Demand Rate And
Variable time
Anil R. Maisuriya (1) andPravinH. Bhatawala (2)
Assistant professor, Agrawal College, Navsari, Gujarat, India.
Retired Head, Department of Mathematics,VeerNarmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India.
Abstract
Inventories are being considered to be (I) Firstly, with instantaneous rate of replenishment
an important aspect for any organization. EOQ and no shortages allowed
model is defined as a controller of quantity and
total cost per unit. This paper throws light on the (II) Secondly, with finite rate of replenishment with
Optimal Economic Order Quantity with stock no shortages allowed and linear
dependent demand rate and consider variable demand rate
time‘t’ which is used for two constants values α In this EOQ model it is derived with
and β because after long period it changes time “Stock Dependent Demand Rate”. Here for
to time. This model tries to overcome the different functional relationship between demand
limitations of the model given by Gupta and Vrat and supply we have to derive EOQ model with
who have used functional relationship in which α instantaneous rate of replenishment [commodities]
and β were constant but in present model we with no shortages allow and finite rate of
used time‘t’ to make them varies. Here, we used replenishment also with no shortages and with time
instantaneous case of replenishment and finite period [t]. The analysis is given below:
case of replenishment for different functional Analysis
relationship to get optimum value of stock Condition: - EOQ model with
quantity and total cost per unit time. It is easy to instantaneous replenishment with no
use EOQ models to get an optimal order shortages.
quantity level. In addition, we make different In prior EOQ model which is assumed that demand
conditions and propose economic interpretation. rate (r) is constant. For this the total cost of the
model per unit time is given by:
Keywords: EOQ Model, A (Assumption), Calculation of EOQ Model
Instantaneous Demand,Replenishment rate, time (t). C C q
Sr (t ) p c
Introduction E ( q ) r (t )C ……… (1)
In past inventory model it is assumed that
p q 2
demand rate does not depend upon inventory level.
But it is not true in the cases [for many Where q = the order quantity
commodities] where the consumption pattern is r =
influenced by the inventory maintained. replenishment rate or demand rate
In general situation the demand may increase if the Cp = the unit
level of commodities [inventory or stock] is high purchase cost
and may decrease if the level of commodities S = setup cost
[inventory or stock] is low, because the customer per order
may be attracted with thepresence of large pile of Cc = unit
inventory or stock in the market. This is called carrying charges per unit per unit
“Stock dependent demand rate”. In such cases the time
total cost should be include the direct purchase cost EOQ model has been derived for the different
of the items as certainly the inventory process does functional relationships which are given below:
affect the direct purchase cost of product. So we Case: - (a) r (t ) t t log q
should include direct purchase cost in total
inventory cost to get actual or accurate result of Substituting the value of r in equation (1) we get,
Inventory model.
S ( t t logq) C pCc q
Gupta and Vrat presented an EOQ model E(q) ( t t logq)C p
where stock level affects the consumption rate. q 2
They have given different functional relationship
for demand and stock or supply which are as
follows:
474 | P a g e
2. Anil R. Maisuriya, PravinH. Bhatawala / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.474-479
To get the stationary value of q we take
q q
dE(q) 2 t C (log a) a q 2 2 S t 2 S t (log a)a q
0 p e e
dq
tC p S t S t S t log q C p Cc 2 S t a q C C q 2 0
2 2 0 p c
q q q q2 2
………....... (8)
………… (2) Now to get optimum solution we can use second
By simplification of this result we get, derivation.
C pCc q 2 2 tC p q 2S t log q 2st( ) 0 q q
tC (log a) 2 a q3 2St S t (log a) 2 a q 2
…… (3)
p e e
The above equation no (2) can be solved by taking q q
second derivation to obtain the value of q 2S t (log a)a q 2S ta
d 2 E (q) St[ (log q 3) 2 ] tC p q e
2
0
dq 2 q3 q3
…………….. (4) ….. (9)
This is positive for all values of q given by, Now to get the optimal value of q we take
(log q 2 3) 2 C p d 2 E (q)
……… (5) 0 because q is always positive and
q S 2
The equation (3) gives an optimal value of q under
dq
the condition (5) non zero.
q q
q C (log a) 2 a q3 2S [1 (log a) 2 a q 2
Case: - (b) r (t ) t ta p e e
Putting the value of r in to equation (1), we get, q q
(log a)a q a )] 0
q C C q e
q S ( t ta ) p c ……… (10)
E (q ) ( t ta )C Solving equation (10) we get optimal value of q.
p q 2 q
……..… (6) Case: - (c) r (t ) t t a
By busing first derivation we get stationary values Putting this value of demand rate r into equation (1),
of q which is given below. we get
q
1 S t q a log a E (q) t t a q C p
S C Cq
a q p c
t C a log a S t
q e q 2
p e q2 q2
q C C S S a q C p Cc q
S t a p c E (q) t C p t C p a
q
0 q q 2
q 2 2 ... (11)
……………… (7) Now to get stationery value of q, we used first
d E (q)
derivative and take 0
dq
475 | P a g e
3. Anil R. Maisuriya, PravinH. Bhatawala / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.474-479
S S a loge a A a q
q
C C q
t C p a loge a 2
q
2 S ( t t q ) p c
q q E (q) ( t t q )C
q
.. (12) p q 2
C p Cc … (18)
Now to get stationery value of q, we take
2 d E (q)
2 t C p a q loge a. q 2 2S 2 S a q loge a. q 0 , from equation (18), we get,
dq
.. (13)
2S a q C p C c q 2
C C q2
Now to get optimum value of q we can use second derivation. From p c
equation (12), we gett q [ C q S S ]
S t 0
p 2
2 t C a (loge a) q 2 A{ a } A a …q(19)
q 2 3 q q
..
loge a{2 q. loge a } 0 Now to obtain the optimal value of q, we take
…… (14)
d 2 E (q)
Case: - (d) r (t ) t t q t q
2 0
dq 2
Putting r (t) in to equation (1), we get, , from equation (19), we get
2
2 )C S ( t t q t q ) 1 1
E (q) ( t t q t q t C 2 q S t 2 q S t q
p q p
C Cq tC q C C q
p c p p c
2 To get minimum cost for this model, we must insert
…........ (15) two conditions which are given below:
Now to get stationery value of q we take
d E (q) d 2 E (q)
0 , from equation (15), we get, (a) If 1then 0 is positive q , and
dq dq 2
q 2[C C 2 t C 2S t 4 t C q ] 2S t 0
p c P p
d 2 E (q) S t (1 )
.… (16) (b) If 0 1then 0 is positive q
Equation (16) can be solved by using second order dq2 C t (1 )
p
derivation to get an optimal value of q. If α, β and γare restricted to be positive constant
2 S t then a marginally different form of functional
q3 .……..…………… (17) r (t ) t t q
tC
relationship similar to
can be expressed as
p
Here q is positive, so it gives an optimum quantity. r (t ) t t q ……………... [A-1]
Case: - (e) r (t ) t t q
Substituting [A-1] in equation (1), we get,
C C q
Putting r (t) into equation (1), we get, S ( t t q ) p c
E (q) ( t t q )C
p q 2
476 | P a g e
4. Anil R. Maisuriya, PravinH. Bhatawala / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.474-479
Now to get stationery value of q, we take
d E (q) C C q2
0 q p c
dq t e [C q 2 S q S ] S t 0 . (24)
p 2
1 Now to get optimum value of q we take
[2 C t q 2S t q 2 S t q ]
p d 2(20)(q)
.... E
C Cq 2 0
dq 2
p c
S t 0 From equation (24), we get,
2
1 ……………...…....... (21) C C S t e q 2C t e q
Now to get optimal value of q, we take
q p c p
2 E (q) q
d
te …. (25)
dq 2
Here the value of q become optimum
1
t 2C t q S 2t q
because it is greater than 0.
For positive values of anda marginally
p different forms for functional relationship can be
expressed as
1 q
S t q C t q C C q . (22) r (t ) t t e
p p c ………………. [A-2]
Substituting [A-2] into equation (1), we get,
Insert equation after confirming, q C C q
q S t S t e p c
d 2 E (q) E (q) t C t C e
is positive when p p q q 2
dq 2
C t q (1 ) S t (1 ) 0
Now to get stationery value of q, we take
p d E (q)
=0
S t (1 ) dq
q
C t (1 ) C C q2
p q p c
t e [C q 2 S q S ] S t 0 .…… (26)
0 1 p 2
It implies that here value of q is non negative which Now to get optimum value of q, we take
is define optimum solution.
q d 2 E (q)
Case: - (f) r (t ) t t e 0
Substituting r (t) into equation (1), we get, dq 2
q C Cq From equation (26), we get,
q S ( t t e ) p c q q
E (q) [ t t e ]C ... (23) C C S t e 2 C t e
p q 2 p c p
q …. (27)
Now to get stationery value of q we take
q
d E (q) te
= 0 from equation (23), we get
Thus equation (29) gives an optimum solution of q.
dq
Analysis:
Finite Replenishment case
477 | P a g e
5. Anil R. Maisuriya, PravinH. Bhatawala / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.474-479
Here EOQ model has been derived under finite rate
d 2 E (q)
of replenishment and for this for this following Clearly 0 for all values of q
functional relationship will be used. d q2
t
(a) r ' (t ) r 2Ak t 2Ak 2 t 2 A k 3 t
q 2
q ( t k q) q ( t k q) 2 ( t k q)3
q . (29)
(b) r ' (t ) r t q 2Ak r 3
(c) r ' (t ) r t e
q ( t k q)3
Here clearly q > 0 for all values of q which is called
Where β and γ are positive constants and r’ (t) is the optimum quantity.
consumption rate during depletion time. The total
Case (b) r ' (t ) r t q
cycle time T consists of two parts:
Trc = the time during which replenishment Here the total cost per unit time is given by
come and
Td = the time during which stock depletion Ak r A k t q 1 C pCc q r
takes place E (q) 1
Thus, T = Trc+ Td q (k t q ) q (k t q ) 2 k
The finite replenishment rate and the consumption
rate are taken k and r respectively such that k > r.
d E (q)
obviously net rate of procuring of items in inventory Condition to obtain value of q is 0
is k– r. dq
t
Case (a): r ' (t ) r Ak r A k r t q 1 A k t ( 1) q 2
q 2
q (k t q ) q (k t q ) 2 (k t q )
Following Gupta and Vrat the inventory carrying
cost per cycle is given by
A k 2t 2 q 2 2 C p Cc r
C p Cc q 2 r 1 0 ………. (30)
1 , where (k t q ) 2 2 k
2r k Equation (30) can be solved by using second
1 1 1 r derivation for optimum value of q.
1 d 2 E (q) 2Ak r A k t ( 1)( 2) q 3
r* k r' k 3
The total cost per unit time of the system is d q2 q (k t q ) (k t q )
1 C p Cc q 2 r
E (q) A 1
T
2r * k A k t q 3 [r (3 ) 3 t ( 1)q ]
(k t q ) 2
Ak t Ak r C p Cc q r
1 (28)
q ( t k g ) ( t k g ) 2 k 2 A k ( t ) 2 q 2 3 ( r t q )
For which optimum condition is …………….. (31)
(k t q ) 3
d E (q) Ak t Ak2 t A k 2
2 d 2 E (q)
dq q ( t k g ) q ( t k g )2 ( t k g )2 Now 0, if
d q2
C p Cc r r (3 ) 3 t ( 1)q >0 or
1 0 1
2 k r (3 )
q and 2 3 ........................ (32)
3 t ( 1)
This equation can be solved for q by taking second
derivation.
478 | P a g e
6. Anil R. Maisuriya, PravinH. Bhatawala / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 2, March -April 2013, pp.474-479
Hence solution of equation (31) under by Gupta and (36) Vrat under specific conditions.
condition of equation (32) gives an optimal solution Some more functional relations between the
of q demand rate and stock quantity can be constructed
q to obtain the new results.
Case: - (c) r ' (t ) r t e
In this case the total cost per unit time of
the system is: References:
(1) Aggarwal, S.P., and Jaggi, C.K., “Ordering
policies of deteriorating items under
A k ( r t e q ) C p Cc q r permissible Delay in payments”, Journal
E (q) 1 of the Operational Research Society, 46
q (k t e q ) 2 k (1995) 658- 662.
(2) Chu, P., Chung, K. J., and S. P.,
d E (q) “Economic order quantity of deteriorating
Condition to obtain value of q is 0 items under permissible delay in
dq payments”, Computers and Operations
A k t eq A k (r t e q A k t (r e q t e 2 q ) Research, 25 (1998) 817 – 824.
q(k t e q ) q 2 (k t e q ) q(k t e q ) 2
(3) Chung, K. J., “A theorem on the
determination of economics order quantity
under permissible delay in payments”,
Computers and Operations Research, 25
C p Cc r (1998) 49 – 52.
1 0 ……………….. (33)
(4) Shah, N.H., “A probabilistic order level
2 k system when delay in payment is
permissible” Journal of Korean OR / MS
To obtain optimum solution, we use second Society (Korea), 18 (1993b) 175 – 182.
derivation: (5) Teng, J. T., “On economic order quantity
d E (q) A k t e [( q 1) 1
2 q
2Ak r conditions of permissible delay in
3 payments”, to appear in Journal of the
d q2 q 3 (k t e q ) q (k t e q ) Operational Research Society, 2002.
2 A k t (r e q t e 2 q )
q 2 (k t e q ) 2
A k t e q ( r )(k t e q )
q(k t e wq )3 ………… (34)
Itis clear that
2
d E (q) k
0, if (k t e q ) 0 or q log …..… (35)
dq 2
t
Equation (34) gives an optimum value of order
quantity q under condition of equation (35).
Conclusion:
In EOQ model derived here, not allowing
shortages, demand rate depends upon the stocks i.e.
more the stock, the consumption or demand is also
more i.e. if stock increases, the demand will also be
increased. First model is discussed for instantaneous
case of replenishment and then after for finite
replenishment case for assumed demand rates. A
solution procedure is explained to get optimum
value of stock quantity and substituting this in cost
equation the total cost of the system per unit time
can be forecasted.
An EOQ model formulated in second case
matches with the corresponding EOQ model given
479 | P a g e