The science of yoga is the scientific basis of modern yoga as exercise in human sciences such as anatomy, physiology, and psychology. Yoga's effects are to some extent shared with other forms of exercise,[O 1] though it differs in the amount of stretching involved, and because of its frequent use of long holds and relaxation, in its ability to reduce stress. Yoga is here treated separately from meditation, which has effects of its own, though yoga and meditation are combined in some schools of yoga.

1. Science & Art Of Yoga
I. FILL IN THE BLANKS : 1 x 10 = 10
1. inferior Vena Cava is the largest vein in our body. The largest vein in the human body is the
inferior vena cava, which carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body back up
to the heart.

2. CSF is secreted by ……………
choroid plexus
The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by a process that
involves the movement of Na(+), Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) from the blood to the ventricles of the
brain. This creates the osmotic gradient, which drives the secretion of H(2)O.

3. A disease in which the hyposecretion of thyroid glands in adult is called…… For example,
insufficient production (hyposecretion) of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary
gland will cause hypothyroidism, while overproduction (hypersecretion) of TSH will cause
hyperthyroidism. ……

4. Q4.the shortest rib in human body is called
A.twelfth rib
The twelfth rib is an atypical rib. It is the shortest rib, and one of two floating ribs.
1. There are seven pairs of true ribs. ... They differ from false and floating ribs because they
directly articulate with the sternum by means of their costal cartilages. The
shortest true rib is rib 1 and their length increases all the way to rib 7. Also, the radius of their
curvature increases progressing inferiorly.

5. The human skeleton consists of … 206 …….. bones
The adult human skeleton usually consists of 206 named bones. These bones can be grouped in
two divisions: axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The 80 bones of the axial skeleton form
the vertical axis of the body. They include the bones of the head, vertebral column, ribs and
breastbone or sternum.

6. The study of bone is called ……..
Orthopaedics is the study of the musculoskeletal system. ... The
musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to
the human body. It is made up of the body's bones (the skeleton),
muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective
tissue.

7. arterioles is a small artery
The aorta branches into a network of smaller arteries that extend throughout the body.
The arteries' smaller branches are called arterioles and capillaries. The pulmonary arteries carry
oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs under low pressure, making
these arteries unique.

8. The first vertebra is known as Atlas (C1)
The first cervical vertebra is a bony ring with a thin anterior arch and posterior laminae, which
are joined by lateral masses having articular facets that articulate with the occipital condyles
superiorly and the lateral masses of C2 inferiorly.
Atlas (anatomy)

9. The contraction of the ventricles produces…
first heart sound, S1 ……….
The ventricles begin to contract (ventricular systole), raising pressure within the ventricles.
When ventricular pressure rises above the pressure in the atria, blood flows toward the
atria, producing the first heart sound, S1 or lub.
Cardiac Cycle | Anatomy and Physiology

10. Ovaries in the females which secrete
…………….and…………… oestrogen and progesterone.
The ovaries produce and release eggs (oocytes) into the female reproductive tract at the mid-
point of each menstrual cycle. They also produce the female
hormones oestrogen and progesterone.

11. II. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING : 2 x 10 = 20
1) Thyroid gland
The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an
endocrine gland in the neck consisting of two
connected lobes. The lower two thirds of the
lobes are connected by a thin band of tissue
called the thyroid isthmus. The thyroid is
located at the front of the neck, below the
Adam's apple.

12. Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food
molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms,
these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream.

13. Pericardium
The pericardium, also called pericardial sac, is
a double-walled sac containing the heart and
the roots of the great vessels. It has two layers,
an outer layer made of strong connective
tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer
made of serous membrane
(serous pericardium).
Location: A sac around the heart
Nerve: Phrenic nerve

14. Liver cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of
the liver caused by many forms
of liver diseases and conditions, such as
hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time
your liver is injured — whether by disease,
excessive alcohol consumption or another
cause — it tries to repair itself.06-Feb-2021
Risk Factors: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

15. Write about mid brain?
Midbrain, also called mesencephalon, region
of the developing vertebrate brain that is
composed of the tectum and tegmentum. ...
The midbrain serves important functions in
motor movement, particularly movements of
the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

16. Explain pulmonary circulation.
The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the
circulatory system which carries deoxygenated
blood away from the right ventricle, to the
lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left
atrium and ventricle of the heart. The term
pulmonary circulation is readily paired and
contrasted with the systemic circulation.

17. Define Pancha Kosha
Panchakoshas, are the layers of body that
seemingly cover the Atman. The Tvam
padartha of the Mahavakya Tat Tvam Asi is
determined by the analysis of Panchakoshas
that are not the atman.

18. Define Pathya.
What is Pathya in Ayurveda?
Pathya refers to that which gives relief to the
person by the use of diet, regimen and
medicine. On the contrary, Apathya aggravates
the disease. The Pathya and Apathya are
effective tools in Ayurveda for diagnosis as
well as management of diseases.

19. Hormones
Hormones are your body's chemical
messengers. They travel in your bloodstream
to tissues or organs. They work slowly, over
time, and affect many different processes,
including. Growth and development.
Metabolism - how your body gets energy from
the foods you eat.

20. atlas
The atlas is one of the two upper cervical
vertebrae, also known as C1, which is the
topmost vertebra of the spinal column. ... It is
the vertebra that is in contact with the
occipital bone, a flat bone located at the back
portion of the head.
what is atlas anatomy

21. III. WRITE BRIEF ANSWER FOR ANY 5
QUESTIONS : 5 x 5 = 25
Brain ?
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal
cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum,
the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing,
integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making
decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and
protected by, the skull bones of the head.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres.
The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The
cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of
six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally
divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is
associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract
thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are
associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor and association regions. Although
the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and function, some functions
are associated with one side, such as language in the left and visual-spatial ability in the right.
The hemispheres are connected by commissural nerve tracts, the largest being the corpus
callosum.

22. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill
with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and
difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can
cause pneumonia.
Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.
With pneumonia, the air sacs may fill with fluid or pus. The infection can be life-threatening to
anyone, but particularly to infants, children and people over 65.
Symptoms include a cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing.
Antibiotics can treat many forms of pneumonia. Some forms of pneumonia can be prevented by
vaccines.
Very common
More than 10 million cases per year (India)
Some types preventable by vaccine
Treatable by a medical professional
Requires a medical diagnosis
Lab tests or imaging always required
Spreads by airborne droplets
Short-term: resolves within days to weeks

23. Tumors in pituitary gland
Pituitary tumor
Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary
tumors result in too much of the hormones that regulate important functions of your body.
Some pituitary tumors can cause your pituitary gland to produce lower levels of hormones.
A pituitary tumor is a tumor that forms in the pituitary gland near the brain that can cause
changes in hormone levels in the body. This illustration shows a
smaller tumor (microadenoma). Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in
your pituitary gland.

24. Femur
The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. It is both the longest and the
strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee.

25. Explain the structure of eye
The outer covering of the eyeball consists of a relatively tough, white layer called the sclera (or
white of the eye). Near the front of the eye, in the area protected by the eyelids, the sclera is
covered by a thin, transparent membrane (conjunctiva), which runs to the edge of the cornea.

26. Functions of skin
Functions of the skin
Provides a protective barrier against mechanical, thermal and physical injury and hazardous
substances.
Prevents loss of moisture.
Reduces harmful effects of UV radiation.
Acts as a sensory organ (touch, detects temperature).
Helps regulate temperature.
An immune organ to detect infections etc.
Production of vitamin D.

27. Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates
bodily functions, such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination,
and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight
response.

28. Kidneys and their functions
Your kidneys remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. Your kidneys also remove acid that
is produced by the cells of your body and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts,
and minerals—such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium—in your blood.

29. IV. WRITE LONG ANSWER FOR ANY 3
QUESTIONS : 15 x 3 = 45
Explain the reproductive system
The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological
system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living
substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the
reproductive system.

30. Name the clotting factors. Describe
the mechanism of clotting
The coagulation factors are generally serine proteases (enzymes), which act by
cleaving downstream proteins. ... The coagulation cascade is therefore
classically divided into three pathways. The tissue factor and contact activation
pathways both activate the "final common pathway" of factor X, thrombin and
fibrin.

31. Describe the spinal cord
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of
nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in
the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It
encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains
cerebrospinal fluid.

32. Describe the actions of skeletal
muscle?
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons, and
they produce all the movements of body parts in relation to
each other. Unlike smooth muscle and
cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.
... For more information on the structure and function
of skeletal muscle, see muscle and muscle system, human.

33. Name the clotting factors. Describe
the mechanism of clotting?
The coagulation factors are generally serine proteases (enzymes), which act by
cleaving downstream proteins. ... The coagulation cascade is therefore
classically divided into three pathways. The tissue factor and contact activation
pathways both activate the "final common pathway" of factor X, thrombin and
fibrin.

34. Different Types Of Asanas
Techniques
YNS001-03 :
TIME: 3 Hours
Marks: 100
I. FILL IN THE BLANKS : 1 x 10 = 10

35. Meditation acts on ……. nervous
system.
A. Autonomic Nervous
System (ANS)

36. Meditation can change beta
waves to …… in brain.
Meditation or Exercise
Regular meditation has been shown to increase alpha waves –
your relaxation brain waves — and reduce beta waves – the brain
waves of active thought and learning. That's why it's most
commonly recommended for reducing stress.
Right Answer is Alpha Waves.

37. ….. posture should be maintain
to practice meditation
To get in the right position to meditate, sit in your chair
with a straight back and with your feet flat on the floor.
They should form a 90-degree angle with your knees. You
may need to scoot to the edge of the chair. Sit up straight,
so that your head and neck are in line with your spine
Right Answer Is Padmasana

38. According to Rishi Patanjali
meditation is the…… Stage to attain
Samadhi?
Patanjali lists Samadhi as the eighth and final step on
the path of yoga. Samadhi is often achieved
through meditation. In this state, the three aspects
of meditation — meditator, an act of meditation, the
object of meditation known as God — are finally
united.

39. Heart rate can be reduced
through …… Practice?
Through Pranayama Can be reduced
the Heart Rate.