Anatomy of Blood vessels of abdomen pelvic cavities. Portacaval & Cavacaval A...Eneutron
1. The abdominal aorta
a. the parietal branches
b. the visceral branches
2. The common iliac arteries and veins
3. The external iliac artery and veins
4. The internal iliac artery and veins
5. The inferior vena cava
6. The portal vein
7. The cavacacal Anastomoses
8. The portacaval Anastomoses
9. The Fetal Circulation
The document discusses the blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by describing the abdominal aorta and its branches, including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. These three anterior branches supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. It then provides details on the branches and drainage territories of each vessel. Venous drainage is described next, with the portal vein forming from the superior mesenteric and splenic veins to drain blood from the abdominal gastrointestinal tract and related organs into the liver. The document concludes by noting some portosystemic anastomoses and their clinical significance.
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. It allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through breathing. The nose and pharynx warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood in alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Breathing is driven by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which expand the chest cavity.
The document discusses the abdominal aorta and its branches. It notes that the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity and is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It terminates at the L4 vertebrae by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries. The major branches discussed include the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries. Each of these branches and their roles in supplying specific organs are described in 1-2 sentences.
The document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes the layers of the heart walls, chambers of the heart and blood flow path. It also outlines fetal circulation, heart sounds, factors influencing heart rate and cardiac output, electrocardiography, and vascular anatomy including major arteries and veins. Key structures like the sinoatrial node and heart valves are defined. Cardiac cycle phases of systole and diastole are explained.
The respiratory system exchanges gases through a series of organs. The document describes the key parts and functions of the respiratory system. It focuses on the nose, which warms, moistens, and filters air before it reaches the lungs. It then describes the pharynx and larynx, which continue guiding air through the upper respiratory tract. The larynx contains cartilages like the thyroid and cricoid that support vocal cord function and air passage.
Vascular structure thorax and abdomen. Almas khan Khorfakkhan hospital sharj...almasmkm
This document provides an overview of the vascular structures in the thorax and abdomen. It begins with an introduction to the circulatory system and its components. It then describes the major arteries, veins, and vascular territories in detail for both the thorax and abdomen. This includes the branches of the aorta, inferior vena cava, and hepatic portal system. The document concludes with a brief discussion of CT angiography and its use in evaluating the vasculature.
Anatomy of Blood vessels of abdomen pelvic cavities. Portacaval & Cavacaval A...Eneutron
1. The abdominal aorta
a. the parietal branches
b. the visceral branches
2. The common iliac arteries and veins
3. The external iliac artery and veins
4. The internal iliac artery and veins
5. The inferior vena cava
6. The portal vein
7. The cavacacal Anastomoses
8. The portacaval Anastomoses
9. The Fetal Circulation
The document discusses the blood supply of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by describing the abdominal aorta and its branches, including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. These three anterior branches supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. It then provides details on the branches and drainage territories of each vessel. Venous drainage is described next, with the portal vein forming from the superior mesenteric and splenic veins to drain blood from the abdominal gastrointestinal tract and related organs into the liver. The document concludes by noting some portosystemic anastomoses and their clinical significance.
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. It allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through breathing. The nose and pharynx warm and humidify air before it reaches the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the blood in alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Breathing is driven by the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which expand the chest cavity.
The document discusses the abdominal aorta and its branches. It notes that the abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity and is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It terminates at the L4 vertebrae by bifurcating into the right and left common iliac arteries. The major branches discussed include the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries. Each of these branches and their roles in supplying specific organs are described in 1-2 sentences.
The document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. It describes the layers of the heart walls, chambers of the heart and blood flow path. It also outlines fetal circulation, heart sounds, factors influencing heart rate and cardiac output, electrocardiography, and vascular anatomy including major arteries and veins. Key structures like the sinoatrial node and heart valves are defined. Cardiac cycle phases of systole and diastole are explained.
The respiratory system exchanges gases through a series of organs. The document describes the key parts and functions of the respiratory system. It focuses on the nose, which warms, moistens, and filters air before it reaches the lungs. It then describes the pharynx and larynx, which continue guiding air through the upper respiratory tract. The larynx contains cartilages like the thyroid and cricoid that support vocal cord function and air passage.
Vascular structure thorax and abdomen. Almas khan Khorfakkhan hospital sharj...almasmkm
This document provides an overview of the vascular structures in the thorax and abdomen. It begins with an introduction to the circulatory system and its components. It then describes the major arteries, veins, and vascular territories in detail for both the thorax and abdomen. This includes the branches of the aorta, inferior vena cava, and hepatic portal system. The document concludes with a brief discussion of CT angiography and its use in evaluating the vasculature.
This document provides labels and brief descriptions for various anatomical structures and organs in a dissected mink specimen. Key structures identified and summarized include:
- The panniculus carnosum, platysma, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor muscles.
- The pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, lungs, bronchi, pulmonary veins and arteries.
- The heart, coronary arteries and veins, right and left atria and ventricles, septum, and pericardium.
- Major blood vessels including the internal and external jugular veins, internal and external carotid arteries, descending and ascending aorta
The lungs are soft, spongy organs that are pink in children and brown/grey/black in adults. The right lung weighs 700g and the left 500-600g. They have a conical shape with a blunt apex and semilunar base. Structures related to the mediastinal surface include the heart, great vessels, trachea and nerves. The lungs are divided into lobes separated by fissures and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments by segmental bronchi. The root of the lung contains the bronchus, pulmonary vessels and nerves that connect the lung to the mediastinum.
The lungs are a pair of elastic organs located in the chest cavity that are responsible for respiration. Each lung has a conical shape and is divided into lobes separated by fissures. The right lung has three lobes while the left has two. The lungs receive deoxygenated blood from the heart via the pulmonary arteries and return oxygenated blood to the heart via pulmonary veins. They also have a bronchial blood supply from the bronchial arteries. The major functions of the lungs are gas exchange and respiration.
1) The pelvic vessels supply structures in the pelvis including genital organs, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, muscles, connective tissue, and bones. They have significant anatomic variation between individuals.
2) The pelvic vasculature is a high volume, high-flow system that can expand greatly during pregnancy or with conditions like fibroids. Understanding its characteristics helps surgeons plan for potential hemorrhage.
3) The pelvic vessels have an extensive collateral network allowing adequate blood supply even if parts of the system are compromised, such as during hypogastric artery ligation to control bleeding. This redundancy also allows successful pregnancies after cutting major vessels.
The abdominal aorta originates at the T12 vertebrae and runs downward in front of the lumbar vertebrae, terminating at the L4 vertebrae by dividing into the common iliac arteries. It gives off several unpaired branches including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. It also provides paired arteries such as the inferior phrenic, suprarenal, renal, gonadal, lumbar, and common iliac arteries that supply the abdominal organs and structures.
The document provides detailed information about the anatomy and functions of the lungs. It describes the lungs' location in the chest cavity and their role in oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide. The passage details how air flows through the trachea and bronchi into tiny alveoli where gas exchange occurs. It also lists several non-respiratory functions of the lungs like filtering blood and influencing pH levels.
The lungs and pleura are located within the thoracic cavity. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural cavity formed by the visceral and parietal pleura. The lungs have lobes separated by fissures. They have surfaces, borders, and a root containing structures. Gas exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. The pleurae lubricate the lung surfaces and allow for lung expansion and contraction during breathing.
The duodenum has 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending. The superior part is the most mobile and begins at the pylorus. The descending part is retroperitoneal and passes behind the head of the pancreas. The horizontal part crosses behind blood vessels. The ascending part meets the jejunum. The duodenum has relationships with nearby organs and vessels. It receives blood supply from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The duodenum is susceptible to ulcers and trauma due to its fixed retroperitoneal position.
The document summarizes the anatomy and structure of the lungs. It describes that the lungs are soft, spongy, and elastic organs located in the chest cavity. Each lung is divided into lobes and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments which are the functional units. Within the segments are bronchioles that branch into alveolar sacs containing alveoli, which are surrounded by blood vessels and allow for gas exchange between air and blood. The document also outlines differences between the right and left lungs as well as their blood supply from bronchial arteries and nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus.
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. It begins in the abdomen at the lower border of the T12 vertebrae and extends upwards through the posterior and superior mediastinum to the neck. At the C7 vertebral level, it arches laterally and drains into the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins. It drains lymph from the entire body below the diaphragm and left side of the body above the diaphragm, receiving tributaries from lymph nodes and vessels along its course. Injuries or obstructions to the thin-walled thoracic duct can lead to fluid accumulation in the thorax or abdomen.
The heart has four chambers. The two superior receiving chambers are the atria (= entry halls or chambers), and the two inferior pumping chambers are the ventricles (= little bellies).
On the anterior surface of each atrium is a wrinkled pouchlike structure called an auricle
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the cardio respiratory system. It discusses how the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and respiratory system work together to oxygenate tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Specifically, it outlines the roles of blood (transportation, regulation, protection), blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), the heart (pumping blood through the body), and respiration (gas exchange in lungs and tissues). Overall, the cardio respiratory system carries oxygen to tissues and removes waste through integrated functions of circulation and breathing.
The pancreas is a soft, lobulated organ that lies transversely across the posterior abdominal wall. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes through a duct system to aid digestion. The endocrine pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon through clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans to regulate blood sugar levels. The pancreas has a head, neck, body and tail and receives its blood supply from several arteries while its venous drainage involves the portal vein.
.Explain the extent, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage of the trachea.
3. Explain the applied anatomy of the trachea.
4. Define esophagus, explain the beginning, course, relations, constrictions, termination, nerve supply,
blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of esophagus
5. Explain the applied anatomy of the esophagus
6. Define thoracic duct, explain the origin, course, relations, termination, tributaries, and areas of
drainage of the thoracic duct
7. Explain the applied anatomy of the thoracic duct
The document provides information about the abdomen and pelvis. It describes the structures of the male and female pelvis including bones, ligaments, muscles, cavities and contents. It discusses the classifications of pelvis and compares features of male and female pelvis. It also describes organs located in the pelvis including colon, rectum, bladder, urethra, reproductive organs and blood supply to these structures.
The document discusses the blood vessels and circulation in the leg and foot. It explains that arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The main arteries of the leg and foot are labeled and described. The main veins are also labeled and their roles in draining blood from the foot and leg back to the heart are outlined.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump blood out. Blood flows through arteries, capillaries, and veins in a closed circuit. The heart is a muscular pump made of cardiac muscle that is located in the chest cavity. It is surrounded by membranes and tissues that protect it. Valves ensure blood flows in only one direction through the heart and vessels.
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine.
2. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are described, including their location in the abdomen and structural characteristics.
3. The large intestine is then described, including sections like the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and their blood supply.
The azygos system of veins includes the azygos vein on the right side and the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins on the left side. These veins connect the inferior and superior vena cava, providing an important pathway for venous drainage from the thorax. The azygos vein receives tributaries from the posterior intercostal veins and lumbar veins before draining into the superior vena cava. The hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins mirror the azygos vein on the left side, joining together before terminating in the azygos vein. This system plays a key role in venous return when the superior vena cava is obstructed.
What tem refers to an abnormaly slow heart rate- Mutiples Chacen Fitil.docxJosephiQrMacLeodb
What tem refers to an abnormaly slow heart rate? Mutiples Chacen Fitilasert fachyenas Inlarction Arachecardia Whot blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood? Multiple Choice Artenioles. Arterles Veins Capiliaries What is a function of the pulmonary circult? Multiple Choice it carries axygen-poor blood to the lungs. If carries oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. R carries oxygen-poor blood from the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart. What type of arrhythmia is most life threatening? Multiple Choice Ventricular fibrillation Atrial fibrillation Ventricular flutter Atrial flutter Name the tough outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart. Multiple Choice Epicardium Visceral pericardium Fibrous pericardium Endocardium Which of the following helps return blood to the heart? Multiple Choice Contracting skeletal muscles Valves in the arteries Positive pressure in thoracic cavity End systolic volume Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle? Multiple Choice Mitral valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Plasma proteins contribute to the pressure of the blood. Multiple Choice central venous osmotic filtration hydrostatic What is the correct sequence of components of the cardiac conduction system? Multiple Choice SA node Purkinje fibers AV node AV bundle AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers SA node AV node SA node Purkinje fibers AV bundle SA node AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valves? Multiple Choice The mitral and tricuspid valves both are open. The mitral valve is opened and the tricuspid valve is closed. The tricuspid valve is open and the mitral valve is closed. The mitral and tricuspid valves both are closed. Name the layers of the the wall of the heart and surrounding structures from deep to superficial. Multiple Choice Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium, fibrous pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium Endocardlum, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium What is the normal pacemaker of the heart? Multiple Choice AV bundle Purkinje fibers Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node What is a function of the systemic circuit? Multiple Choice It carries oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart. What causes the T wave on an ECG? Multiple Choice Repolarization of ventricular myocardium Depolarization of atrial myocardium Depolarization of ventricular myocardium Repolarization of atrial myocardium Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survival? Multiple Choice It delivers waste molecules to vital organs. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to cell.
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It discusses the heart's location in the chest, its chambers and valves, the conduction system that coordinates heart contractions, and how heart rate is regulated. Key points include:
- The heart is a four-chambered hollow muscular organ located between the lungs in the middle mediastinum.
- It has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves to regulate blood flow.
- The conduction system coordinates contractions starting from the sinoatrial node and spreading through the atrioventricular node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
- Heart rate is normally 60-100 beats per minute and is regulated
This document provides labels and brief descriptions for various anatomical structures and organs in a dissected mink specimen. Key structures identified and summarized include:
- The panniculus carnosum, platysma, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and pectoralis minor muscles.
- The pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, lungs, bronchi, pulmonary veins and arteries.
- The heart, coronary arteries and veins, right and left atria and ventricles, septum, and pericardium.
- Major blood vessels including the internal and external jugular veins, internal and external carotid arteries, descending and ascending aorta
The lungs are soft, spongy organs that are pink in children and brown/grey/black in adults. The right lung weighs 700g and the left 500-600g. They have a conical shape with a blunt apex and semilunar base. Structures related to the mediastinal surface include the heart, great vessels, trachea and nerves. The lungs are divided into lobes separated by fissures and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments by segmental bronchi. The root of the lung contains the bronchus, pulmonary vessels and nerves that connect the lung to the mediastinum.
The lungs are a pair of elastic organs located in the chest cavity that are responsible for respiration. Each lung has a conical shape and is divided into lobes separated by fissures. The right lung has three lobes while the left has two. The lungs receive deoxygenated blood from the heart via the pulmonary arteries and return oxygenated blood to the heart via pulmonary veins. They also have a bronchial blood supply from the bronchial arteries. The major functions of the lungs are gas exchange and respiration.
1) The pelvic vessels supply structures in the pelvis including genital organs, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts, muscles, connective tissue, and bones. They have significant anatomic variation between individuals.
2) The pelvic vasculature is a high volume, high-flow system that can expand greatly during pregnancy or with conditions like fibroids. Understanding its characteristics helps surgeons plan for potential hemorrhage.
3) The pelvic vessels have an extensive collateral network allowing adequate blood supply even if parts of the system are compromised, such as during hypogastric artery ligation to control bleeding. This redundancy also allows successful pregnancies after cutting major vessels.
The abdominal aorta originates at the T12 vertebrae and runs downward in front of the lumbar vertebrae, terminating at the L4 vertebrae by dividing into the common iliac arteries. It gives off several unpaired branches including the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery. It also provides paired arteries such as the inferior phrenic, suprarenal, renal, gonadal, lumbar, and common iliac arteries that supply the abdominal organs and structures.
The document provides detailed information about the anatomy and functions of the lungs. It describes the lungs' location in the chest cavity and their role in oxygenating blood and removing carbon dioxide. The passage details how air flows through the trachea and bronchi into tiny alveoli where gas exchange occurs. It also lists several non-respiratory functions of the lungs like filtering blood and influencing pH levels.
The lungs and pleura are located within the thoracic cavity. Each lung is surrounded by a pleural cavity formed by the visceral and parietal pleura. The lungs have lobes separated by fissures. They have surfaces, borders, and a root containing structures. Gas exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. The pleurae lubricate the lung surfaces and allow for lung expansion and contraction during breathing.
The duodenum has 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending. The superior part is the most mobile and begins at the pylorus. The descending part is retroperitoneal and passes behind the head of the pancreas. The horizontal part crosses behind blood vessels. The ascending part meets the jejunum. The duodenum has relationships with nearby organs and vessels. It receives blood supply from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The duodenum is susceptible to ulcers and trauma due to its fixed retroperitoneal position.
The document summarizes the anatomy and structure of the lungs. It describes that the lungs are soft, spongy, and elastic organs located in the chest cavity. Each lung is divided into lobes and further divided into bronchopulmonary segments which are the functional units. Within the segments are bronchioles that branch into alveolar sacs containing alveoli, which are surrounded by blood vessels and allow for gas exchange between air and blood. The document also outlines differences between the right and left lungs as well as their blood supply from bronchial arteries and nerve supply from the pulmonary plexus.
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body. It begins in the abdomen at the lower border of the T12 vertebrae and extends upwards through the posterior and superior mediastinum to the neck. At the C7 vertebral level, it arches laterally and drains into the junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins. It drains lymph from the entire body below the diaphragm and left side of the body above the diaphragm, receiving tributaries from lymph nodes and vessels along its course. Injuries or obstructions to the thin-walled thoracic duct can lead to fluid accumulation in the thorax or abdomen.
The heart has four chambers. The two superior receiving chambers are the atria (= entry halls or chambers), and the two inferior pumping chambers are the ventricles (= little bellies).
On the anterior surface of each atrium is a wrinkled pouchlike structure called an auricle
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the cardio respiratory system. It discusses how the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and respiratory system work together to oxygenate tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Specifically, it outlines the roles of blood (transportation, regulation, protection), blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), the heart (pumping blood through the body), and respiration (gas exchange in lungs and tissues). Overall, the cardio respiratory system carries oxygen to tissues and removes waste through integrated functions of circulation and breathing.
The pancreas is a soft, lobulated organ that lies transversely across the posterior abdominal wall. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine pancreas secretes enzymes through a duct system to aid digestion. The endocrine pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon through clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans to regulate blood sugar levels. The pancreas has a head, neck, body and tail and receives its blood supply from several arteries while its venous drainage involves the portal vein.
.Explain the extent, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage of the trachea.
3. Explain the applied anatomy of the trachea.
4. Define esophagus, explain the beginning, course, relations, constrictions, termination, nerve supply,
blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of esophagus
5. Explain the applied anatomy of the esophagus
6. Define thoracic duct, explain the origin, course, relations, termination, tributaries, and areas of
drainage of the thoracic duct
7. Explain the applied anatomy of the thoracic duct
The document provides information about the abdomen and pelvis. It describes the structures of the male and female pelvis including bones, ligaments, muscles, cavities and contents. It discusses the classifications of pelvis and compares features of male and female pelvis. It also describes organs located in the pelvis including colon, rectum, bladder, urethra, reproductive organs and blood supply to these structures.
The document discusses the blood vessels and circulation in the leg and foot. It explains that arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The main arteries of the leg and foot are labeled and described. The main veins are also labeled and their roles in draining blood from the foot and leg back to the heart are outlined.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart has four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump blood out. Blood flows through arteries, capillaries, and veins in a closed circuit. The heart is a muscular pump made of cardiac muscle that is located in the chest cavity. It is surrounded by membranes and tissues that protect it. Valves ensure blood flows in only one direction through the heart and vessels.
1. The document describes the anatomy and features of the jejunum, ileum, and large intestine.
2. Key differences between the jejunum and ileum are described, including their location in the abdomen and structural characteristics.
3. The large intestine is then described, including sections like the cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and their blood supply.
The azygos system of veins includes the azygos vein on the right side and the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins on the left side. These veins connect the inferior and superior vena cava, providing an important pathway for venous drainage from the thorax. The azygos vein receives tributaries from the posterior intercostal veins and lumbar veins before draining into the superior vena cava. The hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins mirror the azygos vein on the left side, joining together before terminating in the azygos vein. This system plays a key role in venous return when the superior vena cava is obstructed.
What tem refers to an abnormaly slow heart rate- Mutiples Chacen Fitil.docxJosephiQrMacLeodb
What tem refers to an abnormaly slow heart rate? Mutiples Chacen Fitilasert fachyenas Inlarction Arachecardia Whot blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood? Multiple Choice Artenioles. Arterles Veins Capiliaries What is a function of the pulmonary circult? Multiple Choice it carries axygen-poor blood to the lungs. If carries oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. R carries oxygen-poor blood from the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart. What type of arrhythmia is most life threatening? Multiple Choice Ventricular fibrillation Atrial fibrillation Ventricular flutter Atrial flutter Name the tough outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart. Multiple Choice Epicardium Visceral pericardium Fibrous pericardium Endocardium Which of the following helps return blood to the heart? Multiple Choice Contracting skeletal muscles Valves in the arteries Positive pressure in thoracic cavity End systolic volume Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle? Multiple Choice Mitral valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Plasma proteins contribute to the pressure of the blood. Multiple Choice central venous osmotic filtration hydrostatic What is the correct sequence of components of the cardiac conduction system? Multiple Choice SA node Purkinje fibers AV node AV bundle AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers SA node AV node SA node Purkinje fibers AV bundle SA node AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valves? Multiple Choice The mitral and tricuspid valves both are open. The mitral valve is opened and the tricuspid valve is closed. The tricuspid valve is open and the mitral valve is closed. The mitral and tricuspid valves both are closed. Name the layers of the the wall of the heart and surrounding structures from deep to superficial. Multiple Choice Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium, fibrous pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium Endocardlum, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium What is the normal pacemaker of the heart? Multiple Choice AV bundle Purkinje fibers Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node What is a function of the systemic circuit? Multiple Choice It carries oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart. What causes the T wave on an ECG? Multiple Choice Repolarization of ventricular myocardium Depolarization of atrial myocardium Depolarization of ventricular myocardium Repolarization of atrial myocardium Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survival? Multiple Choice It delivers waste molecules to vital organs. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to cell.
The document provides information about the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It discusses the heart's location in the chest, its chambers and valves, the conduction system that coordinates heart contractions, and how heart rate is regulated. Key points include:
- The heart is a four-chambered hollow muscular organ located between the lungs in the middle mediastinum.
- It has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles separated by valves to regulate blood flow.
- The conduction system coordinates contractions starting from the sinoatrial node and spreading through the atrioventricular node, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
- Heart rate is normally 60-100 beats per minute and is regulated
Mass flow transport is needed in animals to supply oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and remove waste. Larger animals require a transport system like the human circulatory system. The human circulatory system consists of blood that is pumped through blood vessels by the heart to all parts of the body. It is a closed double circulation system where oxygenated blood is pumped to the body and deoxygenated blood is returned to the lungs.
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscular organ composed of four chambers that pump blood through two circuits. Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs and from the left ventricle to the entire body via arteries. Valves control the direction of blood flow between chambers. The cardiovascular system functions to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and remove waste via a continuous circulatory loop.
The document describes the arterial supply of the head and neck. It discusses the external carotid artery in detail. The external carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery opposite the thyroid cartilage. It divides into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. Its branches include the superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal arteries. The document also provides information on the course and relations of the external carotid artery.
What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate- Multiple Choice Fib.docxJosephiQrMacLeodb
What term refers to an abnormally slow heart rate? Multiple Choice Fibrillation Tachycardia Infarction Bradycardia What blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood? Multiple Choice Arterioles Arteries Veins Capillaries What is a function of the pulmonary circuit? Multiple Choice It carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood from the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart. What type of arrhythmia is most life threatening? Multiple Choice Ventricular fibrillation Atrial fibrillation Ventricular flutter Atrial flutter Name the tough outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart. Multiple Choice Epicardium Visceral pericardium Fibrous pericardium Endocardium Which of the following helps return blood to the heart? Multiple Choice Contracting skeletal muscles Valves in the arteries Positive pressure in thoracic cavity End systolic volume Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle? Multiple Choice Mitral valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Plasma proteins contribute to the pressure of the blood. Multiple Choice central venous osmotic filtration hydrostatic What is the correct sequence of components of the cardiac conduction system? Multiple Choice SA node Purkinje fibers AV node AV bundle AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers SA node AV node SA node Purkinje fibers AV bundle SA node AV node AV bundle Purkinje fibers During ventricular contraction, what is the status of the atrioventricular valves? Multiple Choice The mitral and tricuspid valves both are open. The mitral valve is opened and the tricuspid valve is closed. The tricuspid valve is open and the mitral valve is closed. The mitral and tricuspid valves both are closed. Name the layers of the the wall of the heart and surrounding structures from deep to superficial. Multiple Choice Epleardum, myocardium, endocardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium Flbrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial covity, epicardium, myocardlum, endocardium Myocardium, endocardium, epicardlum, fibrous pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium Endocardium, myocardium, epicardlum, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium What is the normal pacemaker of the heart? Multiple Choice AV bundle Purkinje fibers Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node What is a function of the systemic circuit? Multiple Choice It carries oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. It carries oxygen-poor blood to the heart. What causes the T wave on an ECG? Multiple Choice Repolarization of ventricular myocardium Depolarization of atrial myocardium Depolarization of ventricular myocardium Repolarization of atrial myocardium Why is the cardiovascular system vital to survival? Multiple Choice It delivers waste molecules to vital organs. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to.
The cardiovascular system consists of three types of blood vessels - arteries, capillaries, and veins. The heart has four chambers and uses electrical signals to pump blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circuit which oxygenates blood and the systemic circuit which circulates blood to the body. Common cardiovascular disorders include atherosclerosis, heart attacks, strokes, and aneurysms which can be treated through procedures like coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty.
This document provides an overview of the major blood vessels and nerves of the thoracic and abdominal regions. It lists the organization and branches of the thoracic veins and arteries, including the aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, common carotids, and subclavian arteries. In the abdomen, it outlines the celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, renal arteries, iliac arteries, and hepatic portal system. It also briefly mentions the radial, median, ulnar, and sciatic nerves in the thoracic and hind regions.
The document discusses the cardiovascular system and heart. It provides details on heart anatomy including its location, layers, chambers and valves. It describes the coronary circulation and cardiac conduction system. The cardiac cycle and functions of each part are explained. Different terms related to heart function such as automaticity, conductivity, contractility and rhythmicity are defined. Electrocardiography and types of arrhythmias are also mentioned.
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting materials like blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and water throughout the entire body. It consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the body and is pumped to the lungs where it receives oxygen before reentering the left atrium and being pumped by the left ventricle out to the body through arteries. There are three main types of circulation - pulmonary, coronary, and systemic.
This document contains notes from a lab on the respiratory and circulatory systems. It lists and identifies various structures of the oral cavity, respiratory system, and heart. These include the oropharynx, nasopharynx, glottis, larynx, epiglottis, trachea, lungs, diaphragm, chambers and valves of the heart, and pathways of blood flow through the heart and lungs.
structure and functions of heart PPT, SSC AP Srinivas NallapuSrinivas Nallapu
The document describes the structure and function of the human heart. It notes that the heart is a hollow organ made of cardiac muscle located in the middle of the thoracic cavity. It is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pericardium and divided internally into four chambers - two upper chambers called auricles and two lower chambers called ventricles. Deoxygenated blood enters the right auricle from the vena cavae and is pumped to the right ventricle. It then passes through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns to the left auricle via the pulmonary veins and is pumped to the left ventricle. It then passes through the aorta to be distributed to
The document provides a detailed overview of the cardiovascular system, including the anatomy and function of the heart and circulation. It describes the layers of the heart wall, the cardiac muscle, valves, conducting system, and blood flow through the heart. It also discusses the pulmonary and systemic circuits, blood vessel anatomy, veins, capillaries, and fetal circulation. Finally, it reviews the composition of blood and the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
The document summarizes the major arteries and veins supplying the head and neck region. It begins by listing the objectives which are to describe the major arteries including the common carotid arteries, external carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and subclavian artery. It then provides details on the branches and relations of these arteries. Next, it discusses the major veins including the external jugular vein, internal jugular vein, and their tributaries. It concludes by describing the formation of the brachiocephalic veins and superior vena cava which drain the head and neck veins.
The pericardium is composed of two layers - the outer fibrous pericardium and inner serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium surrounds and protects the heart, while the serous pericardium forms a double-layered sac with a fluid-filled space between. The serous pericardium has a parietal layer lining the fibrous pericardium and a visceral layer attached to the heart. Conditions like pericarditis cause inflammation of the pericardium, while pericardial effusion occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, which can lead to cardiac tamponade.
The document describes the structure and function of the heart. It discusses the three layers of the heart wall, the four chambers of the heart, and the major blood vessels and valves involved in blood flow. Blood enters the heart through the vena cava and pulmonary veins, and exits the heart through the pulmonary artery and aorta after passing through the respective ventricles and atria. The valves prevent backflow of blood through the chambers and vessels.
The document provides information about the structure and function of the human heart. It is divided into sections on the right heart and left heart. The right heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body through the aorta to support the systemic circulation. Key components include the right and left atria and ventricles, tricuspid and mitral valves, and major blood vessels like the vena cavae, pulmonary artery and veins, and aorta.
A pediatric patient was given the wrong medication due to stressful work conditions, poor communication, and miscommunication between staff. The document identifies three opportunities where using Mutual Support strategies could have prevented errors: 1) A nurse was called away from transferring patient care duties and follow-up was not done; 2) A pharmacist made a mistake while fatigued from consecutive long shifts; 3) A nurse did not speak up about doubts about a medication order from a difficult doctor. The document provides scripts for staff to request support and raise concerns using CUS language to improve safety.
The document contains a series of questions and answers about the lymphatic system. It addresses topics such as lymphoid organs, the role of the lymphatic system, components of the lymphatic system, lymph fluid, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and immune cells.
Practice quiz on the clotting cascade with correct answer highlighted on following slide. Questions in multiple choice, true/false, and matching formats.
Practice quiz on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. Multiple choice, matching, and true/false questions with answer highlighted on following slide.
Quiz on the spinal cord, spinal nerves, somatic and autonomic nervous divisions of the nervous system. Multiple choice questions with answer highlighted on following slide.
This document contains information on normal vital sign ranges for individuals across different age groups, including newborns, infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults. It provides the normal heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and blood glucose levels for each age group. The document also indicates what values would be considered hypoxic, hypertensive, or abnormal for various vital signs.
Power Point practice quiz on the anatomy of the ear and the physiology of hearing. Multiple choice questions on slides, with answer highlighted on duplicate slide.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
60. Contraction of the papillary muscles
Rising intraventricular pressure forcing blood against the valves
Tension on the chordae tendineae
Contraction of the atria
61. Contraction of the papillary muscles
Rising intraventricular pressure forcing blood against the valves
Tension on the chordae tendineae
Contraction of the atria
62. Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the heart ventricles from the aorta
and the pulmonary trunk
The aortic and pulmonary valves open when the ventricles contract, allowing
blood to pass
Blood flowing back toward the heart during diastole fills the cusps and closes
the semilunar valves
The vena cava and pulmonary veins do not have SL valves, because the atrial
walls compress the entrances during contraction
63. Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the heart ventricles from the aorta
and the pulmonary trunk
The aortic and pulmonary valves open when the ventricles contract, allowing
blood to pass
Blood flowing back toward the heart during diastole fills the cusps and closes
the semilunar valves
The vena cava and pulmonary veins do not have SL valves, because the atrial
walls compress the entrances during contraction
64. Long, low pressure
Short, low pressure
Long, high pressure
Short, high pressure
65. Long, low pressure
Short, low pressure
Long, high pressure
Short, high pressure
66. Long, low pressure
Short, low pressure
Long, high pressure
Short, high pressure
67. Long, low pressure
Short, low pressure
Long, high pressure
Short, high pressure
70. Anterior interventricular artery, posterior interventricular artery
Right coronary artery, right marginal artery
Right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery
Anterior interventricular artery, circumflex artery
71. Anterior interventricular artery, posterior interventricular artery
Right coronary artery, right marginal artery
Right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery
Anterior interventricular artery, circumflex artery
72. Cardiac veins, coronary sinus, right atrium
Cardiac veins, coronary sinus, left atrium
Coronary arteries, cardiac veins, right atrium
Coronary arteries, coronary sinus, left atrium
73. Cardiac veins, coronary sinus, right atrium
Cardiac veins, coronary sinus, left atrium
Coronary arteries, cardiac veins, right atrium
Coronary arteries, coronary sinus, left atrium
74. Cardiac muscle is short, fat, and branched
Cardiac muscle is connected by gap junctions
Cardiac muscle behaves as a functional syncytium
Myofibrils in cardiac muscle branch extensively to accomodate the large
numbers of mitochondria
Cardiac muscle has fewer T tubules and simpler sarcoplasmic reticulum
75. Cardiac muscle is short, fat, and branched
Cardiac muscle is connected by gap junctions
Cardiac muscle behaves as a functional syncytium
Myofibrils in cardiac muscle branch extensively to accomodate the large
numbers of mitochondria
Cardiac muscle has fewer T tubules and simpler sarcoplasmic reticulum
76. The heart recruits additional muscle fibers to contract with more force during
vigorous exercise
Some myocardium cells are self-excitable
A heart attack is an example of tetanic contraction
The heart relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration
77. The heart recruits additional muscle fibers to contract with more force during
vigorous exercise The heart acts as a single unit
Some myocardium cells are self-excitable
A heart attack is an example of tetanic contraction Tetanic contractions
cannot occur in heart muscles due to a long absolute refractory period that
allows time for the chambers to fill
The heart relies almost exclusively on aerobic respiration
160. In the triad region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane
In the functional syncytium
In the intercalated discs
In the T tubules of the sarcolemma
161. In the triad region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane
In the functional syncytium
In the intercalated discs
In the T tubules of the sarcolemma
162. Left side, peripheral congestion
Right side, peripheral congestion
Left side, pulmonary congestion
Right side, pulmonary congestion
163. Left side, peripheral congestion
Right side, peripheral congestion
Left side, pulmonary congestion
Right side, pulmonary congestion
164. Left side, peripheral congestion
Right side, peripheral congestion
Left side, pulmonary congestion
Right side, pulmonary congestion
165. Left side, peripheral congestion
Right side, peripheral congestion
Left side, pulmonary congestion
Right side, pulmonary congestion