Bronchitis is the permanent dilation of the large airways caused by destruction of muscle and elastic tissues. It has several types and is usually caused by bacterial or viral infections that lead to chronic inflammation and thick mucus production obstructing the bronchi. Symptoms include wheezing, fever, purulent sputum, and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, chest x-rays, and sputum tests. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and sometimes surgery to remove affected areas.

1. BRONCHITASIS
s
Prepared by
Ms.mahalakshmi.l
M.Sc Nursing

2. DEFINITION
It is permanent or irreversible
dilation of large airway caused
by destruction of muscle and
elastic tissues.

3. TYPES
OSaccular
OCylindrical
OFusiform
Ovaricose

4. CAUSES
OBACTERIAL
OVIRAL
OENDOBRONCHIAL
OBSTRUCTION
OCHRONIC COUGHING AND
EXCESSMUCOUS
PRODUCTION

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
O Due to pulmonary infection
O Inflammatory process
O Result in thick sputum production
O Obstruct the bronchi

6. OThe wall become permanent
distended & distored
OInflammation & infection extends to
peribronchial tissue
Oaffects on lower lungs segment
OLung abscess

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
O Wheezing
O Cyanosis
O Fever
O Dull and flatted sound
O Purulent sputum
O Dyspnoea
O Weakness
O heamoptysis
O fatigue

8. DIAGNOSIS
OHistory collection
OPhysical examination
OChest x-ray
OBronchography
OCT scan
OSputum examination

9. COMPLICATION
OHaemoptysis
OCopd
OChronic respiratory failure
OPulmonary hypertension
OPneumonia
Oanaemia

10. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
OAdministration of antibiotics on the
basis of culture and sensitivity of
sputum.
OAdministration of bronchodilators &
expectorants.
OProvide chest physiotherapy.

11. Nursing management
O Provide adequate rest & comfort to the
patient.
O Provide high protein & high calorific diet to
the patient.
O Provide thick secretion.
O Advice patient to avoid cigarette smoking.
O Advice patient to avoid cold environment.

12. Surgical management
OSegmentectomy (surgical removal
of segment)
OLobectomy (surgical removal of
lobe)