The document discusses instructional television (ITV), which uses television programming to support formal classroom instruction and enrichment programming. ITV programs are typically 15 minutes long and accompany teachers' guides. While early efforts struggled, ITV is now used successfully in various contexts. It is most developed in open university systems like the UK Open University. ITV combines formal lessons with supplemental materials and exams for adult learners. New technologies like satellites, teleconferencing and interactive features have enhanced ITV's potential to provide global education opportunities.

1. INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION

2. Objectives
By the end of this session, the students will be
able to:
Identify main concepts, advantages, and
production processes of ITV.

3. Instructional television
(ITV)
 *Is a type of television program that is designed
for use in schools.
 Refers primarily to programs which emphasize
formal, classroom instruction and enrichment
programming.
 *It incorporates "formal" (classroom) and
"informal" (cultural, children's, lifelong learning)
instructional programming.

4. Instructional television
(ITV)
 *Efforts to useTV for education struggled to
survive, overwhelmed by entertainment and
advertisements.
 Instructional television has never realized its
fullest potential as an instructional medium.
 Interest in instructional television was expressed
early.
 Educators envisioned television's potential as an
instructional tool and sought recognition by
officials.

5. ITV broadcast
 PublicTV stations devote some airtime to ITV
 ITV programs are seen on a digital subchannel of a
publicTV station
 *Programs on instructional television generally 15
minutes in length to help their integration into the
classroom setting.
 *These shows are often accompanied by teachers'
guides that include material to help use this
program in lessons.

6. ITV broadcast
 There are some dedicated free ITV channels
(Egyptian Satellite Channels)
 *As a noncommercial enterprise, ITV needed to
rely on outside sources for funding.
 ITV provides programming which emphasizes
formal instruction for children and adults.
 *Literacy, mathematics, science, geography,
foreign language and high school equivalency
are a few examples of ITV's offerings.

7. ITV in HE
 *Workbooks and examinations often
supplement the video "lessons.”
 *“Telecourse" is designed for adults who cannot
attend a university.
 The Pennsylvania State University CCTV project
(1952) to eliminate overcrowded classrooms and
faculty shortages.
 *CCTV system proved unpopular with students
because of the absence of student-teacher
contact boring "look" of the programs.

8. ITV in the Open University
 ITV is most developed and more successful as
a learning device in the Open University
system.
 The lack of higher education opportunities in
many countries has contributed to the
validation of distance learning.
 Open universities are provided by public
(service) broadcasters on every continent.

9. ITV in the Open University
 *The British Open University (BOU- 1969) is the
most notable example, to confer degrees to
students enrolled in telecourses.
 Programs are supplemented by outside exams
and work/textbooks.
 *Degrees from the Open Universities are as
valued as traditional college diplomas.

10. ITV in Schools
 *Preschool, elementary and secondary school
students use ITV to support traditional
classroom instruction.
 *The most successful ITV initiatives in the United
States are public television's children's
programs.
 *Sesame Street successfully combines education
and entertainment ;international success.
 *An international success, it is even used in the
Gulf to teach school students Arabic.

11. ITV in training/enrichment
 *ITV workplace programming is often used
by corporations for training purposes or to
teach safety procedures.
 ITV also includes "enrichment"
programming emphasizing culture, the
arts and public affairs.
 The surge of cable television has been the
most significant challenge to ITV.

12. ITV comparative view
 ITV is similar throughout the industrialized
world.
 *The combination of formal classroom
instruction and enrichment programming
define the genre.
 ITV in the developing world also includes
programming which directly effects the
quality of life of its viewers.

13. ITV comparative view
 *In areas where television penetration is very
low, audiences may gather at community
centers to view programs on hygiene,
literacy, child care and farming methods.
 In this respect, ITV provides the group with
practical information to improve living
standards. Such programming best
exemplifies the global aims of ITV.

14. ITV future view
 *Satellite technology has already
provided a more effective delivery system
for programming.
 *Interactivity has revitalized ITV in
particular.Teleconferencing.
 *Links classrooms globally.
 Enhances the cultural literacy of students
worldwide.

15. ITV future view
 *As television will abome more
"individualized," providing, for example,
"menus" of lessons, applications, and
experiments, ITV may become the
programming of choice.
 New outlets for ITV across the globe, but
audiences--students and users—as
production becomes integrated

16. Importance Of ITV
 *Individuals are in need of different education. ITV
can provide mass education that is needed.
 *New options of ITV make traditional educational
practices change.
 *New opportunities of ITV provide all individuals an
equality in education.
 *Addition of synchronous technologies or use
interactive technologies such as teleconferencing,
through ITV.

17. Advantages of ITV
 *Supporting and enhancing teaching
 Instructing
 *Explaining , clarifying
 *Summarizing
 *Reinforcement
 *Motivation and encouragement
 Using as supplementary for the other materials
 Imposing study speed (determining rate of study)
 Presenting a reference to large masses
 *Changing behavior
 *Presenting unreachable facts and events.

18. Disadvantage of ITV
 *Does not provide instant feedback.
 *Doesn’t show viewers reactions about the
program.
 *Same pace for all students
 *Cost
 *Accessibility

19. Production of f ITV programs
1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Development and production
 Using people (Instructors , Announcer/Speaker, Players ,
Field experts , Common people).
 Using visual production opportunities (Graphic s)
 Making use of real events with documents and design
4. Implement
5. Evaluate

20. Using ITV
 *tudent Support : learners face some difficulty and
problems in their own environment while they are
learning and they may feel of being unable to learn
on his own, fear of failure because of this.
 *Supporting Role ofTelevision Programs: providing
introductory course units to introduce aim of a new
course, using television in their learning period and
show students the way of the study which are
broadcasted at the beginning of each project.

21. Using ITV
 Supporting Role ofTelevision Programs for
Exams: in teaching, television can be used
interactively or one-way. In one-way teaching, by
producing the programs beforehand, they can be
delivered as videotapes or television broadcast.
Contrary to this, interactive television
strengthens the effect of teaching by allowing
the participation of the audience.
 Supporting Identity: to inform students and
provide them with a feeling of belonging to this
faculty.

22. Broadcasting on the Internet:
Vodcasts
*Definition ofVodcasts: term used for the online
delivery of video content
*Advantages ofVodcast Broadcasting:
Access*
*Everyday People
*Mobile
News Programs
*SpecialTopics
*Audio Supports