The document outlines the history of broadcasting from its origins to modern times. It discusses key inventors and innovations that led to the development of radio and television technologies. Some of the earliest developments include Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves in 1855 and Marconi sending the first wireless signal in 1901. Over decades, inventors continued improving the technologies, with the first radio broadcasts in the early 1900s and commercial television debuting in 1939. Both media grew rapidly in popularity and changed how people received information and entertainment, helping to shift societies with their widespread adoption.
Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. Daily transmission began in 1965 as a part of All India Radio (AIR). Television service was later extended to Bombay and Amritsar in 1972.
sound that are reproduced on screens, chiefly used to broadcast programs for entertainment, information, and education. The television set has become a commonplace in many households, businesses, and institutions. It is a major vehicle for advertising. Few inventions have had as much effect on society & this presentation highlights the same.
Chapter 8 of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Module Objectives
• Upon completion of this module, you should
be able to:
– Arrange the order of events in the history of
broadcasting
– Identify the main inventors of the technologies
that contributed to the development of today’s
modern broadcasting system
– Realize the important role of broadcast
communication in history.
3. If you would understand
anything, observe its beginning
and its development.
Aristotle
4. • To look at the history of Broadcasting, or any
industry for that matter, is to study the
beginnings of both the technology and it’s
impact to people’s lives and eventually to
society.
• As Communication scholars, we should be
more concerned about how communication is
possible using a particular medium and how
what is being communicated impacts society.
• We will look at the history in this context: the
development of broadcasting technology and
its impact to society.
5. • According to Prof. Irving Fang (The Six
Information Revolutions):
– “…for an information revolution to succeed, media
that will provide new means for communication
must be disseminated within societies already
undergoing change. Communication
technologiesby themselves are not enough. The
media both aid and are aided by whatever has
shaken the existing order…”
– Bold words are conditions for an information
revolution
6. • Take the case of the RADIO, it had to go
through many thinkers and inventors before
people enjoyed “the radio” we enjoy (or
perhaps take for granted?) today.
• It all started with a theory:
Theory of
invisible waves
In 1855, James Clerk Maxwell
published his Theory of Invisible
Waves which became the basis for
the invention of radio.
7. • That Heinrich Hertz proved 31 years later in
1886.
Electromagneti
c waves do
exist!
• Which later became Guglielmo Marconi’s basis
for his “wireless telegraphy”.
8. Signals in the Air
• Guglielmo Marconi
• 1901 founded the
Marconi Wireless
Telegraph Company of
America which later
became Radio
Corporation of America But Marconi’s messages were
(RCA) still not voice messages, they
were like morse-code tappings
• He sent his first wireless sent over the air.
radio broadcast in 1902.
9. • Note that there was no sole credit for the
invention of radio. Same goes for the
development of Television, which built up on
the technology of radio. They wanted a radio
with pictures.
• Following are slides that briefly outline the
inventions that preceded Television and their
inventors.
10. Television Technology: Beginnings
• Literally means “seeing at a
distance”
• First appeared on the
journal, Scientific American in
June 1907
• Other names considered for
TV: Visual wireless, visual
radio, electric vision
11. Television Technology: Beginnings
1884
Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
“Nipkow Disk”
1st major technological
discovery to suggest
that pictures could travel
12. Television Technology: Beginnings
1923
Vladimir Zworykin
Developed an all-electronic
system to transform a visual
image into an electrical signal
that could travel through air.
13. Television Technology: Beginnings
1930
Philo Farnsworth
Improved Nipkow’s
Mechanical scanning device:
Cathode ray, reproduces
electronic images more clearly.
14. • Note that these are the only developments in
the technology and we haven’t tackled their
effects on society yet.
• Over the years, inventors and brave men
would step out and come up with something
brilliant that either 1) improved the existing
technology or 2) used the technology in a
different way and affected society.
• Go to
http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3659
for a comprehensive timeline on the invention
of radio and television.
15. • More than the development of the
technology, as Communication Arts
scholars, we should focus more on how this
medium has been used and how it affected
lives, this is what we’ll pay attention to in the
next slides.
16. Radio Broadcasting
• In Christmas of
1906, Reginald
Fessenden’s voice was
the 1st listeners heard as
he did the his public
transmission of human
voice
– Also the first radio
broadcast of
entertainment and music
17. Radio Broadcasting
• In 1916, Frank Conrad
started broadcasting
songs and his voice via
8XK
• On November
2, 1920, he started the
1st commercial radio
station.
18. Growth of Radio
•1923
•Audience of 2M
•500 stations
•500k sets
•1926
•One house
•1925 in six had a
•2million sets radio
19. Early Radio
• Technology – brought the
radio into the parlor
• Gave multitudes of people a
new, inexpensive source of
information & entertainment
• Commercialization of radio
gave advertisers access to
this audience at home
• Radio programming:
comedy, music, serials, dram
a & news.
20. Television Technology: Beginnings
April 30, 1939
NBC’s Commercial TV debut
1939 World’s Fair, NY
Pres. Franklin Roosevelt –
1st president to appear on TV
21. Early Television Programming
• Like radio with
pictures: variety
shows, sitcoms, dram
a, Westerns, detectiv
e stories, soap operas
and quiz shows
22. Rise of Television News
November 22, 1963
Assassination of JFK
More than 9 out 10 American
watched the coverage
1968
Anti-War Demonstrations and Vietnam War
23. Radio in the TV Era
1936 1935 Gordon McLendon
Edwin Armstrong Martin Block Introduced format
introduces FM 1st DJ radio
(frequency modulation) Licensed recordings -Standardized
radio launch disc jockeys -programs
24. Portable Radios
1928
William Lear
Car Radio
“drive-time audiences”
6-9 am; 4-7pm
Gerald Bartell 1957
25. Radio’s New Role
• Once the leisure-time
“reward”
• Now accompanies
almost every type of
activity
• Radio as companion
• Radio survived because it
adapted to fill a different
need for its audience
26. • The previous notes gave you a quick run down
of the history of Broadcasting.
• Some points to remember:
– A society has to be ready for change, technology
can’t make it all happen.
– Broadcast technologies underwent a lot of
revisions before it truly made an impact in society.
– Older technologies adapt to newer technologies
as they come.
27. Quick Test: Arrange the following
events chronologically.
• Establishment of the “drive time audience” in
radio.
• Guglielmo Marconi sends the first wireless
message.
• Families watched the Vietnam war from their
living rooms.
• The word “television” appears on the journal
Scientific American.
28. Ponder on it.
• Has radio really lost its popularity because of
television? Do you see radio broadcasting
totally discontinuing?
• What is the importance of Frank Conrad’s 1st
radio broadcast from his home?
• What are the functions of radio in society?
• What are the functions of TV in society?