Radio basics and communication

1. Basics of radio production
Radio as a medium of communication
Radio broadcasting in India
(pre &post independence)
Different types of radio stations :
on the basis of reach & transmission
Organizational structure:
govt. and private

2. Radio as a medium of mass
communication
• Inclusions:
• Features
• Elements
• Its working
• Summary
• Limitations

3. Features
• Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of
electromagnetic waves with frequencies below dose of visible light.
• During 1913 radio was considered an intimate and credible medium
the public used it as a new source and expected it to provide factual
information.
• Radio was the first truly mass medium of communication reaching
millions of people instantly and altering social attitudes family
relationships and how people related to their environment.
• Produce the most popular medium of mass communication, it's
broadcast reaches to millions in one go the broadcasted is
communicating with the vastness of people collectively but
intimately.
• Reduced reach is very wide it is a potential medium that can reach
every NOOK and corner of the world with its vast networks.

4. Features
• In a country like India with multiplicity of languages and diversity of
culture radio broadcasting has a developing and cementing force in
strengthening communal harmony harmony and national integration.
• Affordability and comprehensive aspects are no less important in a view of
prevailing literacy levels most of the people can receive and comprehend
only the information ad by radio.
• Radio assume more significance in a country which is fighting with the
problems of poverty illiteracy in health and social evils. It has great ability
to inform and educate and can be used as a powerful tool for the web
development.
• Radio has contributed significantly to the creation of an informed society
which is the first foremost condition of development.

5. Elements
• Spoken word
• Music
• Sound effects
• Pauses/silence

6. Its working
• The radio equipment that sends out a radio
waves is known as a transmitter the radio
wave sent by a transmitter visit through the
air maybe from one side of the world to the
other and completes its journey when it
reaches a second piece of equipment called
receiver.

7. Summary
• Medium of sound and voice
• link between speaker and listener
• intimate medium
• mobile medium
• quick and inexpensive medium
• no Electric Supply needed
• no literacy issue
• while reach locals rural and national
• easy to use
• portable handy cheap.

8. Radio Broadcasting
(in India pre and post independence)
• Broadcasting begin in India with the formation of a private radio station in Madras in 1924
• In the same year the British colonial government granted license to a private company the Indian
Broadcasting Company to open radio stations in Mumbai and Calcutta
• The company went bankrupt in 1930 and capital government took over the to transmitters and the
department of labor and industries started operating them as the Indian state broadcasting
Corporation
• In 1936 the corporation was renamed All India Radio (AIR) and placed under the department of
Communications
• When India became independent in 1947, was made a separate Department under the ministry of
Information and Broadcasting
• At the Independence the Congress government under the Jawaharlal Nehru had three major roles
to achieve political integration economic development social modernization
• When India became independent in 1947 India had only 6 stations Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras
Lucknow and Tiruchirapalli, three radio stations at Lahore Peshawar and Karachi sale in the share of
Pakistan, total number of radio sets at that time were 275000 in India
• 3rd October 1957 Vividh Bharti service was launched to compete with radio Ceylon.
• Television broadcasting begin in 1959 as a part of a year but was split off from the radio network as
Doordarshan on 1st April 1976
• FM broadcasting begin on 23rd July 1977 in Chennai and was expanded during the 1990s.

9. Different types of radio stations
(on the basis of reach)
National
One of the national channel is a IR started functioning
on May 18 1998. It caters information from all states of
the country weather news events and political views of
sports and present it to the public as per their names.
Translate centrally originated news bulletins in Hindi
and English plays sports music newsreel spoken word.
• Language is broadcasted are Hindi English and Urdu.
• It has women programs spreading awareness and
information about women Health Family food and
nutrition women entrepreneurship education sector
including adult education and gender issues.

10. • Regional
These regional stations work in a favor of a state to present news programs
music and bulletins.
• Local radio
A new concept of broadcasting bare programs are area specific they are
flexible and spontaneous enough to enable the station to function as the
mouth fees of the local community
• Community
It's a service that offers a third model of radio broadcasting beyond
commercial and public services the community radio stations are operated
owned and driven by the countries communities they serve. They are rent
for profit and provides a mechanism for facilitating individuals groups and
communities to tell their drivers stories to share experiences and rich
world to become active creators and contributors of media.

11. On the basis of transmission
A.m. 1870 amplitude modulation
• Radio range 5 3 7 - 7 0 5 kHz frequency ,600 M - 11 M wave length
• Transmitting information in the form of electromagnetic waves it works by
modulating the amplitude of the signals
• It is used worldwide primarily for medium wave transmission but also on
the long wave and shortwave radio band.
• am broadcasters tend to specialize in spoken Word format such as talk
radio all news and sports leaving the broadcasting of music mainly to FM
and digital station.
• Am radio stations technology is simpler than later Transmission Systems,
• Disrupted by metal structures and tall buildings in large areas
• Does best in areas with short FM frequencies supply or thinly populated
on mountain areas
• Great care must be taken to avoid mutual interference
• Summary- low bandwidth more stations available in every frequency
people transmitted over a long distance

12. Summary
• low bandwidth
• more stations available in every
frequency
• messages transmitted over a long
distance

13. FM frequency modulation 1930 by
Edwin Armstrong
• 3.14 m- 2.9 m wavelength. 88 megahertz 125 megahertz
frequency
• Sometimes a radio program is added to the career in such a
way that the program signals causes fluctuations in the carrier
frequency this is called frequency modulation.
• FM broadcasting method is radio broadcasting using
frequency modulation
• Invented by American engineer Edwin Armstrong in 1933
wideband FM is used worldwide to provide highly Fidelity
sound over broadcast radio
• FM broadcasting is capable of better sound quality than a.m.
broadcasting, The chief broadcasting Technology so it is used
for most music broadcast
• FM broadcasting radio stations use the vhf frequency the
term FM band describes The frequencies band in a given
country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting

14. Summary
• remains constant
• better sound
• high bandwidth signals affected by
physical barriers

15. Short wave (SW)
• Shortwave radio is the radio transmission using shortwave radio
frequencies
• Radio waves in the short wave band can be reflected or refracted from
a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere. Therefore
short waves directed at an angle into sky can be reflected back to the
earth at a great distance Beyond The Horizon.
• Does shortwave radio can be used for very long distance
communication in contrast to radio waves of higher frequency which
travel in straight lines
• Shortwave radio is used for broadcasting of voice and music to
shortwave distances over very large areas
• It is also used for military Over The Horizon radar diplomatic
communication and two way International communication by amateur
radio for hobby educational and emergency purposes as well as for
long distances evolution and Marine communication

16. ADVANTAGES
• Low cost wide availability
• Receivers can be built easily
• It's receivers are portable battery oriented
• Can be used in no internet or satellite
communication situations
• Covers large geographical area
• Robust communication and needs little
infrastructure

17. DISADVANTAGES
• Western countries shortwave radio is
limited due to usage of standard radios
• In developed World shortwave reception
is difficult in urban areas because of
excessive noise

18. RADIO WEB
• Radio wave integrates the various aspects of engaging
with music listening experiencing exploring discovering
and buying
• It is the only online musical service that offers curated
music combining the intimacy and simplicity of radio
with the richness of content that the web enables.
• Channels on radio web offer thematically presented
music in the form of programs that are often related to
events people and places a suit associated with music.
• The programs are presented by RJ who host the show
and provide information and can text to the music.

19. Organizational
Structures
Government and
Private

20. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
NEWS
WING
ENGINEE
RING
WING
PROGRA
MMING
WING
ADMINISTRAT
ION AND A/C
WING
AUDIENCE
RESEARCH

21. • Programming wing: is divided into a number of production units such as
talks unit women and children programs unit form and home unit youth
programs units additional programs unit education unit science is SG
musical family welfare unit broadcasting unit.
• News wing: is headed by the joint director or News editor and is assisted by
server details and news reporters for news reporting and gestures there are
staff correspondence supported by number of part time correspondence or
stringers, News editing is done by the news reader.
• Engineering wings: the head of the engineering being is an engineer or the
superintendent he she controls and coordinates all the actions of the state
assisted by engineer engineers senior engineers assisting technical staff by
handling all program organization and transition including relays for Delhi
and other regions.
• Administration and accounting wings: it is headed by administrative officer
assisted by headache accountant and number of assistants.
• Audience research: it is supported by a field investigator feedback which
helps them to formulate programs for the audience research.

22. Private Radio Stations Structure
and Functionaries
• Programming with handles the content generation
• Engineering wing handles the broadcasting of
content
• Administration mains facilitates and connects the
two wings functionaries
Radio station is a centre of the production house and transmission
of a.m. or FM radio broadcast.
In a radio station namely there are three wings above-mentioned.

23. Layout of a
Radio Station

24. STUDIO
• A studio is a place where recording of a program takes place
without the interference of noise they are sound proof rooms
where a speaker functions they have sound lock and heavy dose
along with perforated ceilings and walls.
• The studio consists of a moving chair and a suitable microphone
for the occasion along with a computer CD player tapes decks and
mixtures
• It is an actual broadcast Studio from where presenters make
announcements and a studio is also called a and an announcer's
both are a transmission studio.

25. CONTROL ROOM
• It is a mean technical area of the radio station
wear whatever is spoken or played from a CD
player computer set is sent to this control
room.
• From here the content is sent to the
transmitters for the onward transmission
• A lot of changes are made when one speaks
through a microphone

26. TRANSMITTER
• transmitter is the equipment through which we
receive the radio broadcast on our radio sets.
• The strength and type of a transmitter determine
the coverage of the area of a broadcast.
• The transmitters send the sound waves to the
listeners radio sets which convert them into
sounds and there is no time gap in the whole
process.

27. Government and private
radio stations functionaries
• Station director: In charge of radio station and head of the
programming being also called a manager.
• Station engineers: Head of the engineering being responsible for all
the technical work and group of professional technicians and
engineers who operate and maintain broadcast equipments and
control room. They are responsible for technical quality of the
broadcast.
• Program personnel: These are the persons who are engaged in
Planning production preparation and presentation of radio
programs.
• Transmission staff: This stuff is responsible for a smooth and trouble
free transmission process are known as transmission executives.
• Radio announcer: They are the presenters of the program to convey
information events news and entertainment shows.
• Artist: In addition there are also music artists such as vocalist and
instrumentalist who are eminent performers in their own fields and
graded according to their experience.