I hoped to publish it before, but I could not. Finally I uploaded it. I hope that you will enjoy watching it.

1. HISTORY OF
COMMUNICATION
PART II

2. TELEGRAPH
• Major shift occurred with arrival of electricity
• Telegraph
first wave new telecommunication revolution
• With telegraph in 1840
words transformed into electrical impulses(dots
and dashes of Morse code)

3. • Telegraphdivided into 2
1. Optical telegraph
2. Electric telegraph

4. OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
• First practical telecommunication system
• Inventor  Claude Chappe(1763-1805)
• Chappe’s telegraph: made from wood, iron or
stone
• Not included electricity
• Had a codebook (first codebook=9999 entries)
• Codebook in 1830:45050 words/phrases

5. • A complex system, because;
1. Require long codebooks
2. Skilled and efficient administration
3. Requires many stations
4. Too expensive

6. • Weaknesses of optical telegraph;
1. Human: performance related to human’s
capacityneed military discipline
2. Natural:not usable at night, in fog or rain

7. • Reasons for success of Optical telegraph;
1. Military necessity: Real time info. on battles
2. Deep political, ideological significance:
• It shortens distance
• Instrument in formation of French nationstate
• Tool in defending unity of nation

8. • System operated and owned by Government
• Used for Government messages
• Military reasons/reports Napoleon
3. Optical telegraph
result of Age of Enlightenment

9. • Optical telegraph was useful;
1. Building nationhood
2. Maintaining public order
3. Transmitting commercial information

10. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH
• Through 1830s
electricity was used to transmit messages
• Samuel Morse: Morse codes
• His codes: used to transformed into the codes
• Electric telegraph: 10 times handled more
info.

11. TELEPHONE
•
•
•
•
Alexander Graham Bell: inventor
Appeared in 1876
Based on voice transmission
Eliminated telegraphy

12. • Benefits of telephone;
1. Rapid two-way exchange
2. Interactive, Person-2-Person contact
3. By 1880s: simplicity and efficiency of
telephone(used in private homes)
4. Reshaped range of business practices

13. IMAGE
TECHNOLOGIES(PHOTOGRAPHY)
• Beginning of photography: 1839
• Louis Daguerre: inventor
• There were 2 things that made possible to use
photograph in newspapers and magazines
1. Lithography: Halftone engraving
2. Halftone: Print obtained from photo
engraving

14. EARLY PHOTOJOURNALISM
• After 1885s, it started with emergence of early
photographers
• First US president to be photographed:
Abraham Lincoln

15. INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF
PHOTOJOURNALISM
1. Halftone Pictures: Newspapers using halftone
illustrations
2. Press Photographers: News agency
distributing photographs
3. Photo Agencies: Photographers equipped
with small, fast hand-held cameras

16. 1.Halftone Pictures
• Since 1867: Halftone reproductions in weekly
newspapers & magazines
• Since 1880:Daily papers
• Since 1890: Large circulation of newspapers
with Halftone illustrations
• After 1910: With new technique(Halftone
block) increase in amount of illustrations
• EX: 903 pictures per week in 1910

17. 2.Press Photographers
• Throughout 1880s: Limited photos in
newspapers
• Within 15 years; several newspapers replaced
their draughtsman with cameraman
• By 1900: Existence of many photographers in
America rising in news images published

18. • Subject of photos :Limitless
• Around 1900s: Modern photojournalism
• First war to be photographed: SpanishAmerican conflict
• Jimmy Hare: One of first photojournalists who
was photographed Spanish-American war
• He also played a leading role in early
photojournalism

19. HISTORY OF RADIO
• Telegraph and telephone were important
inventions
• Their only weakness messages transmitted
only via wires
• The solution Wireless communication by
using radio frequencies

20. • Heinrich Hertz: in 1885, he demonstrated
radio waves
• Guglielmo Marconi: Italian inventor, known as
radio-telegraph system
• Transmitted Morse code across Atlantic by
wireless
• Marconi did not discover a new principle; but
he improved and adapted the components

21. • Marconi’s radio-telegraph system was used in
Titanic in 1912
• Reginald Fessenden : First to transmit voice
over air
• Introduced in 1906 Christmas Eve, the radio by
broadcasting music and voice
• Nicola Tesla: Developed new systems for
wireless communication

22. •
•
•
•
•
Commercial Broadcast: started in 1920
Stations on air in 1923: 556
Commercial radio licenses: in 1912
Domination of live music: in 1920s
Diversity of programing: in 1930s

23. CINEMA
• Projected motion picture photography
reality in 1890s
• The first motion picture camera(kinescope)
Thomas Edison’s employee; Dickson
• Edison patented the system in US
• Introduced at Chicago World’s Fair in 1893

24. • Kinetograph: only source of films
• Early films: ended just in 15 seconds
• When Edison patented his system
simultaneously
The Lumiére Brothers patented
cinematograph system in France in 1895
(Auguste&Louis)

25. • Cinematograph: portable, suitcase-sized
• Consisted of a camera, film processing unit
and projector; all in one
1. Record in morning
2. Process in afternoon
3. Project to audience in that evening

26. • The first film: Arrival of the express train

27. TELEVISION
•
•
•
•
•
The invention John Logie Baird
Developer Philo Taynor Farnsworth
Date of invention/patent 1926
First demonstration 1928
BBC public broadcasting 1932

28. •
•
•
•
•
Summer Olympics broadcast1936
First demonstration all electronic TV sets 1938
Suspending Broadcasting of BBC 1939
First TV ad 1941

29. IN TURKEY
• Turkish Radio Television Corporation( TRT)
Public Broadcaster
• Founded 1964
• Test transmissions 1968
• A full national TV schedual in Ankara, İstanbul,
İzmir 1971
• Color tests 31 December 1981
• Lining up switched to color 1984

30. • Turkey’s first private channel Star TV
• Date of foundation1989

31. RESOURCES
• Special thanks to;
İrem Özgören Kınlı
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KTxZCj
OqWc

32. •THANK
YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!!

33. • Created by;
Halil İbrahim ULUHAN

34. CONTACT INFORMATION
/halil.uluhan
/hllbrh
hiuluhan@gmail.com
/haliluluhan/
halil.uluhan@std.ieu.edu.tr