This document provides an overview of the television broadcasting system used by Doordarshan India in Guwahati. It discusses the various types of studios including the main studio and CB studio. It describes the production control room which manages live broadcasts and the different components within it like vision mixer and character generator. It also covers the master switching room which routes signals to the earth station and transmitter. The earth station is used to uplink Guwahati broadcasts via satellite across India. Non-linear editing software like Adobe Premiere is used to edit broadcasts. Outside broadcasts are also discussed including the use of OB vans which are mobile television control rooms.

1. Television Broadcasting System
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KAUSIK DAS.(ET12BT0215)
Student at Kaziranga University
SUBMITTED BY:

2. Contents
Introduction
Types of Studios
Production Control Room
Production area
Editing
Master Switching Room
Earth Station
Transmitter
Outside broadcasting
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3. Introduction
• Part of the DD India
• The largest television network in the world.
• Power of 10KW covering range of 89-120 kms.
• Better facilities for recording and transmission .
• Separate studio for recording of north-east program.
• Computerized earth station for networking.
• Earth station is utilized for up-linking the Guwahati
Doordarshan program to entire country through INSAT-4B.
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4. STUDIO
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5. 1) MAIN STUDIO
• Dimension of 22x16.5 metres.
• Fully digitalized with four cameras setup.
• Equipped with different lights and microphones.
• Mainly used for all major recordings.
• Acoustic treatment.
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6. Three main lights:
• Key Light: It is hard light about 1KW of power. Used
as main source of power.
• Fill Light: It’s cool light about 500W, used to remove
object formed due to key light.
• Back Light: It’s hard light used to remove the back
shadow and separate the object form background
which gives a 3D picture.
[Ratio 3:2:1 for monochrome and 3:2:2 for color]
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7. Microphone
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8. Classification on construction basis:
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Carbon Microphone Crystal Microphone
2)1)

9. Ribbon Microphone
3)
Condenser Microphone
4)
Dynamic microphone
5)
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Main Studio

11. Studio camera:
• Lens Block
• CCD Block
• Electronic Block
*CCD and EB are collectively known as camera head.
All the captured signals are transferred to and from the base station
using a multiple core-Triax cable.
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12. 2) CB STUDIO:
• Dimension of 9.2x6 metres.
• Fully digitalized with two cameras setup
• Progams include discusion or anchoring are generated
• Teleprompter.
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13. 13
CB Studio

14. Production control Room(PCR)
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15. • Activities in this area are:-
 Minor editing.
 Direction to the production crew by the producer.
 Management of feed during a live program.
 Monitoring of output/off air signal.
Production Control Room
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16. Production Control Room of DDK-Guwahati
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17. Components of PCR
PCR is house with :
1) Vision Mixer.
2) Audio Mixer.
3) Camera Control Unit(CCU).
4) Character Generator .
5) Tape Recorder.
Vision Mixer(video mixer)
Audio Mixer(Mixing desk)
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18. Camera control unit(CCU) :
This unit includes :
1) Focus.
2) Zoom-in/out.
3) Beam focus.
4) Contrast.
5) Brightness.
 A color composite video signal(CCVS) is
Received from the studio camera through the
Triax -able can be viewed in monitor.
Character Generator (CG):
Modern CG are computer based and character
can be generated with the help of software.
Character may be static or animated (ex: news
crawls and credits roles)
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19. Video tape recorder :
It contain :1) Analog and digital processor
servo system.
2) Microprocessor.
3) Memory etc.
Here a video tape recorder(VTR) or Video
Cassette recorder (VCR) used for recording.
Recording is done in playback format.
Audio and video level can be adjust from
here.
Quality of the recorded program are tested
Immediately after recording and error is solved
for better quality.
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20. 20
PRODUCTION AREA

21. Production Area:
• Area where the actual production decision is made and
the show is created. This area includes the space for the
director, producer and their assistants. One of the most
significant parts of the production area is the monitor
wall. It includes the following:
• Preview monitor
• Live or on-air monitor
• Camera monitors
• VTR monitors
• Graphics monitors
• Still stores monitors
• Routed monitors
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22. Advantages of large programmable monitors:
• Compact
• Light
• Consume little power
Audio Area:
It includes:
• Audio mixing board
• Patch panels
• Video and audio monitors
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23. 23
Audio Control

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EDITING

25. EDITING
Two types of Editing:-
1) LINEAR EDITING(non-computerized)
2) NON-LINEAR EDITING(computerized)
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26. LINEAR EDITING
It is basically a mechanical process that employs
the use to perform the edit functions are:-
• Camcorders
• VCRs
• Edit controllers and
• Mixers
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27. This editing technique is performs in linear steps, one cut at a time (or a series of
program cuts) to its conclusion.
 It is the process of assembling footage in a sequential fashion, from start to finish.
This type of editing is generally carried out when working with video tapes.
Video tapes can be cut into sections and spliced together. The content must be accessed
sequentially.
CAMCORDERS VCRs
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Video tapes

28. NON-LINEAR EDITING:
 Carried out on a computer with editing software.
 Gathering into the software, then cut, copy and paste it together in desired order.
 When the nonlinear sequence is ready, it is recorded onto the master tape.
 Possible to access any frame.
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Non-Linear Editing

29. Some of the editing software available and used in DDK, Guwahati are:
 Leitch- velocity DPS & Velocity HD (version 8 and 9).
 Adobe Premiere pro CS-3 and CS-6.
 Canopus-EDIUS-4.
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ADVANTAGE OF NON-LINEAR EDITING
 The original source files are not lost or
modified during editing.
 & one of the biggest adv. Compared to
linear editing.

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MASTER SWITCHING ROOM

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Master Switching Room(MSR)
 It is used for transmission media.
 Room where all different sources from the
outside studio comes here and enroots
transmission to different destination like Tr &
Earth station.
 Room comprises of routine switcher,
video/audio distributor amplifier etc.
 So, it is called heart of the studio.
 Most of the switching electronics is kept here:-
1. Camera base stations.
2. Switcher main frame.
3. Sync pulse generator(SPG).
4. Satellite Receivers etc.
 Signals is routed through MSR from various
to earth stations and can be monitored at
various stages.

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EARTH STATION

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Earth Station
GROUND STATIONS

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 It is the terrestrial base of the system.
Located either on the surface of the earth,
or within Earth’s atmosphere.
Communicates with the satellite (or
spacecraft) by transmitting and receiving
radio waves.
Successful transmission of radio waves to
a spacecraft (or vice versa), lead to
establishment of telecommunication link.
 It is possible for a satellite to
communicate with more than one Earth
station at a time.
EARTH STATION

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WHAT IS AN EARTH STATION?
UPLINK STATION
RECEIVE CENTRE
DOWNLINK FREQ: 6725MHzUPLINK FREQ: 6333MHz

36.  Earth station involves the two terms which are basically the important parameters of the
communication i.e., UPLINK & DOWNLINK.
1. Uplink:
The process of gathering any information part & sending it to the satellite, running on
specified frequency is termed as UPLINK. The uplink frequency is 6333MHz.
2. Downlink:
The process by which satellite sends or received the signals to the controlling stations is
termed as DOWNLINK. The downlink frequency is 3725MHz.
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Major Components of Digital Earth Stations
Some Major components are:-
 PDA(Parabolic Dish Antenna)
 Up converter
 Modulator
 Encoder
 IRD(Integrated Receiver Decoder)

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TRANSMITTER

39. TRANSMITTER
• In DDK-Guwahati VHF Solid State
NEC(Japan) TV transmitter is used.
• It is a digital transmitter.
• Power rating is 10kw.
• Main parts are:
o Exciter
o Amplifier
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41. EARTH
STATION
TANSMITTER/RECEIVER
SATELLITE
DTH
RECEIVER
TV
UPLINKING
DOWNLINKING
THE PROCESS OF TRANSMISSION
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Picture IF : 38.9 MHz
Sound IF : 33.4 MHz
Uplink : 6333 MHz
Downlink : 6725 MHz

42. OUTSIDE BROADCASTING
This is shooting progrms outside the studios. It can be live or recorded
programs. It involves two systems: OB van and ENG.
OB Van
• Mobile unit
• Mobile television control room
• Equipped with a video switcher, intercom, graphics, audio,
recorder/playback decks and all the engineering equipment required
to maintain a quality signal
• Variety of sizes
• Primary areas of OB van are:
o Production Area
o Audio Area
o Video Control/Transmission
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OB Van

44. Thank You
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