Concentrated Poverty and its Correlates: A Case Example of Social Development Informing One Health
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This document discusses how concentrated poverty relates to One Health. It defines concentrated poverty as neighborhoods where over 40% of households live below the poverty line. Concentrated poverty is caused by limited affordable housing options that segregate low-income individuals and families into dense settlements with few resources and opportunities. Neighborhoods of concentrated poverty are correlated with poor educational and health outcomes. They often have low-resourced schools, air pollution, limited transportation, lack of clean water and sanitation, poor healthcare access, and limited access to nutritious food and other goods and services. This disinvestment in both infrastructure and social services in areas of concentrated poverty threatens the health of communities and is relevant to the One Health approach. The document calls
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Concentrated Poverty and its Correlates: A Case Example of Social Development Informing One Health
- 2. Social Science Informing One Health Abundant Evidence from the Social Sciences to Inform One Health School programs educating our children about their health and the environment Community organizing to preserve and promote indigenous solutions to social problems Social capital as a resource for individual and community health
- 3. Concentrated Poverty and Disinvested Neighborhoods Concentrated disadvantage defined by Jargowsky (1997) in the U.S. context as 40% or greater households living below the poverty line Dense settlement of low-income individuals and families in one place Globally can look like a refugee village or city, or a tent settlement
- 4. Causes of Concentrated Poverty Affordable property is limited and segregated Severely limited choices for the most affordable homes Those with the fewest opportunities, skills, resources and limited access reside in one place
- 5. Correlates of Concentrated Poverty Poor educational outcomes, higher crime and lower safety (Brooks-Gunn, Duncan, & Aber, 1997) Poor Physical and Mental Health Outcomes (Marmot & Wilkinson, 2006) Effects are above and beyond individual characteristics
- 6. Concentrated Poverty Related to One Health Low-resourced schools Air pollution Limited modes of transportation Lack of clean water Poor sanitation Poor and limited health care Few protections for the environment Few quality good and services Limited nutritious food option Increased crime and poor safety
- 8. Directions for Policy and Programs What I am not saying Low-income individuals and families are neglecting their health and environment and need to be educated on One Health solutions What I believe the limited housing and neighborhood choices of the poorest families in our cities and world results in neighborhoods of disinvestment and neglect. This disinvestment both in people and in place is a major threat to the health of our world. Invest in solutions to the complex issues related to poverty
- 9. References Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G. J., & Aber, J. L. (1997). Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for children. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Jargowsky, P. A. (1997). Poverty and place: Ghettos, barrios, and the American city. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Marmot, M., & Wilkinson, R. G. (Eds.). (2006). Social determinants of health (Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University.
Editor's Notes
- Thank you for being here. Exctied about the opportunitySegway from the previous talkNeed to be very brief as I have way more than ten minutes. Particularly brief in the first intro slides, then I can talk a little at the correlates slides
- Make the case that this is a rather natural link between One Health and social science and a link that needs to be exploited a bit.I have just a few examples of the link, but I am sure you have plenty more in your mind from work with colleagues, and living day to day in your own neighborhood.A picture of community organizing, or kids in school learning about the world along with these notes.…and then my area of research…
- Tell people what concentrated poverty is, but similar terms such as low-income neighborhood, neighborhood disinvestment, concentrated disadvantage, all carry the general notion that there is a concentration of poor families living in a single placeThe concentration of poverty is well-established (Coulton and Pandey, 1990; Jencks and Mayer, 1989)and hardly needs supporting evidence from researchers and scholars. Simply communicate with a resident from any major city around the world and they can almost certainly tell you which neighborhoods are the poorest and most dangerous. The neighborhoods you should stay away from. These are neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage. Research has been definitive in identifying wide ranging correlates of human health and well-being with concentrated disadvantage. In an edited Volume, Neighborhood Poverty: Contexts and Consequences for Growing up… the contributing authors identify the correlates of poverty.Regardless of what this looks like where you live, it exists around the world. Segway to Why does it exist?
- Why does it exist?Just talk through the bulletsNote that this is from a developed nation context. Talking about less developed places homes look different
- My research shows that overwhelmingly living in a disinvested neighborhood or neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage is related to wide ranging negative outcomesNeighborhood effects are above and beyond those characteristics that individuals bring to the neighborhood. Explain this.Simply by living in this place you are at a disadvantage to someone similar in another placeSome have suggested that your neighborhood of residence is the best predictor of your future success.In a recent address, the President of the U.S. cited that the most accurate/robust predictor of adult success is the zip code in which you were born (make sure I can get this citation, and get the wording exactly right).
- Just give an overview of how this disinvested place then results in both individual and neighborhood level disinvestment all impacting the health of people and the environment. The results is a place that is disinvested and an ecology that struggles for survival rather than thriving.Concentrated poverty results in a huge cost to one health through the poor health or people and places.Here are some of the disinvestments related to concentrated poverty list these and provide a quick example of how this can effect one healthDisinvested is the key here
- Just a picture of what the threat looks like to One Health
- A social development agenda for one health must include care for the poor and an integration of low-income families as valued and contributing members to our cities and our world. Without a full recognition of the value of all people, those with means will simply continue to take care of their own in terms of place and people. This neglect is the antithesis of the One Health perspective and has already contributed to major damage to the health of billions of people around the world, and to the health of our planet which we all need.