The document analyzes media coverage of artificial intelligence (AI) in six mainstream UK news outlets over eight months in 2018. It finds that:
1) Nearly 60% of news articles focused on new AI products, initiatives or announcements from industry. Industry sources made up 33% of all sources, nearly twice as many as academic sources.
2) Right-leaning outlets highlighted economic and geopolitical issues like automation and investment, while left-leaning outlets focused more on ethics issues like bias and privacy.
3) While coverage provides public discussion, it is dominated by industry perspectives and often portrays AI as a solution without acknowledging debates around its effects. Increased input from independent experts could provide more balanced understanding
1. The document discusses how the rise of big data and digital technologies has created the "Petabyte Era" where massive amounts of data can be analyzed without models or theories to explain human behavior.
2. It argues that statistical agencies must evolve from simply providing information to building knowledge by developing new communication strategies to effectively disseminate data to the public and maintain trust in official statistics.
3. To remain relevant, statistical organizations need to embrace new technologies like web 2.0 and engage with users in two-way conversations to ensure data is presented in ways people understand and relate to their interests.
Unlocking the potential_of_the_internet_of_things_executive_summaryOptimediaSpain
The document discusses the potential economic impact of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It analyzes over 150 IoT use cases across different settings like homes, cities, factories, etc. The key findings are:
1) IoT applications have a total potential economic impact of $3.9-$11.1 trillion per year by 2025, equivalent to 11% of the world's GDP.
2) Interoperability between IoT systems is critical, enabling 40% of potential value on average across settings.
3) Most value will come from business applications rather than consumer applications, estimated to generate nearly 70% of potential value.
4) Developing economies could generate 40% of total
Ten IT-enabled business trends for the decade aheadarms8586
The document discusses 10 emerging information technology trends for businesses over the next decade. One of the trends is the increasing use and impact of social technologies, referred to as "the social matrix." The social matrix will allow virtually any interaction, activity, resource or organization to be influenced by social elements like sharing, liking, commenting and collaboration. This trend is still in early stages but will grow significantly. It will impact industries like retail, education, manufacturing and more. Businesses can benefit from uses like crowdsourcing problems, improving internal collaboration, engaging customers, and reimagining organizational structures for a highly networked world.
Presentation by Bo Parker, Managing Director of Center for Technology and Innovation at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Presentation was shown during the lecture at Digital October technology entrepreneurship center in Moscow, on 26 October.
Hong Kong announced HKD 168 billion budget surplus from which 40% will be generated to the development and support towards technology and innovation focused businesses.
Focus has been set on four areas: biotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), smart city and financial technologies.
Open Data & Open Government: Driving Innovation :: Jeff Kaplancgrowth
1) This document discusses open data and open government, and their potential to drive innovation and economic growth in emerging countries and the Caribbean region. Open data and networks of collaboration can create competitive advantages for countries.
2) Open data lowers the cost of creating apps and fuels an "apps economy" that has created over 450,000 jobs in the US. Open data initiatives could add tens of millions to some economies.
3) Open data and open government produce social and economic value by enabling citizen feedback to improve services, fueling industries like real estate, and sparking startups and new kinds of work.
1. The document discusses how the rise of big data and digital technologies has created the "Petabyte Era" where massive amounts of data can be analyzed without models or theories to explain human behavior.
2. It argues that statistical agencies must evolve from simply providing information to building knowledge by developing new communication strategies to effectively disseminate data to the public and maintain trust in official statistics.
3. To remain relevant, statistical organizations need to embrace new technologies like web 2.0 and engage with users in two-way conversations to ensure data is presented in ways people understand and relate to their interests.
Unlocking the potential_of_the_internet_of_things_executive_summaryOptimediaSpain
The document discusses the potential economic impact of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It analyzes over 150 IoT use cases across different settings like homes, cities, factories, etc. The key findings are:
1) IoT applications have a total potential economic impact of $3.9-$11.1 trillion per year by 2025, equivalent to 11% of the world's GDP.
2) Interoperability between IoT systems is critical, enabling 40% of potential value on average across settings.
3) Most value will come from business applications rather than consumer applications, estimated to generate nearly 70% of potential value.
4) Developing economies could generate 40% of total
Ten IT-enabled business trends for the decade aheadarms8586
The document discusses 10 emerging information technology trends for businesses over the next decade. One of the trends is the increasing use and impact of social technologies, referred to as "the social matrix." The social matrix will allow virtually any interaction, activity, resource or organization to be influenced by social elements like sharing, liking, commenting and collaboration. This trend is still in early stages but will grow significantly. It will impact industries like retail, education, manufacturing and more. Businesses can benefit from uses like crowdsourcing problems, improving internal collaboration, engaging customers, and reimagining organizational structures for a highly networked world.
Presentation by Bo Parker, Managing Director of Center for Technology and Innovation at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Presentation was shown during the lecture at Digital October technology entrepreneurship center in Moscow, on 26 October.
Hong Kong announced HKD 168 billion budget surplus from which 40% will be generated to the development and support towards technology and innovation focused businesses.
Focus has been set on four areas: biotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), smart city and financial technologies.
Open Data & Open Government: Driving Innovation :: Jeff Kaplancgrowth
1) This document discusses open data and open government, and their potential to drive innovation and economic growth in emerging countries and the Caribbean region. Open data and networks of collaboration can create competitive advantages for countries.
2) Open data lowers the cost of creating apps and fuels an "apps economy" that has created over 450,000 jobs in the US. Open data initiatives could add tens of millions to some economies.
3) Open data and open government produce social and economic value by enabling citizen feedback to improve services, fueling industries like real estate, and sparking startups and new kinds of work.
This document outlines Peter Evans' agenda for 2016 focusing on trends in the digital economy. It discusses the growth of networks, data, and platforms which will intensify in 2016. Specific trends covered include the increasing scale and speed of the industrial internet compared to the consumer internet, the core and periphery of the API economy, alliances in IoT and whether companies will balance or bandwagon, the rise of large platform companies globally, and if digital diplomacy can make Europe more competitive through a digital union. The agenda positions organizations for changes in these areas in the coming year.
The document discusses the potential economic impact and value of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Some key points:
- Global GDP could be 14% higher by 2030 due to AI, equivalent to an additional $15.7 trillion in economic value. China and North America are expected to see the largest boosts of up to 26% and 14% respectively.
- The majority of GDP gains will come from increased productivity and consumption enabled by AI. Productivity gains will be driven by automation of processes and augmentation of human workers. Consumption gains will come from personalized and higher quality AI-enhanced products and services.
- Retail, financial services, and healthcare are identified as sectors that could see the biggest gains from AI
To be of value, big data must often flow across national borders from one country to another. Mandated local data storage of consumer as well as industrial data can restrict or prevent these data flows. This presentation examines restrictive data trade policies and the implications for companies and countries.
Open Data-Driven Innovation and Smart Cities_Open Data Business Model and Pat...Fatemeh Ahmadi
This document discusses open data-driven innovation and smart cities. It begins by defining open data and how open data initiatives have helped launch businesses and new products. Examples are provided of how open data is used, such as by the World Bank to provide development data and eradicate poverty. The document then discusses how data can enable various types of innovation for goods/services, planning, operations, and marketing. Challenges and opportunities around open data-driven innovation in cities are also examined.
This is my second lecture about experience design at HITLab i Ne Zealand. As designers we have this amazing opportunity to change the world, thus, in fact, we always design for the future and not the present. I believe that it is crucial to understand the changes that transform our societies not only from the economical or social perspective but also from the technological one. Trends allow us to see what the future could be like and provide inspiration to change it in a way be trust would be the best.
This research paper analyzes exposed cyber assets in critical sectors across US cities using data from the search engine Shodan. Some key findings include:
- Emergency services in Houston and Lafayette had many exposed assets.
- New York City, as a financial hub, had the most exposed assets in the financial sector.
- Exposed utilities assets were mostly in small towns, not large cities.
- Philadelphia alone had over 65,000 exposed devices in the education sector.
The paper also examines exposed industrial control systems and human machine interfaces that could impact critical infrastructure if accessed maliciously. It concludes by calling for improved awareness and security of these exposed city cyber assets.
Federal Statistical System, Transparency Camp Westbradstenger
Peter Orszag, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, cites "evidence-based policy" to support healthcare reform. However, his evidence comes from Dartmouth University rather than the Federal Statistical System overseen by Katherine Wallman. The statistical system faces challenges in meeting transparency goals due to cultural and technical issues. While statistics are underfunded at just $10-25 per taxpayer, they provide crucial information and were important in WWII. Collaboration between journalists, programmers, statisticians, and policymakers could help improve the system.
The document summarizes the key findings of a Verizon report on the Internet of Things (IoT) market in 2016. It finds that the global IoT market is predicted to grow from $591.7 billion in 2014 to $1.3 trillion in 2019. Many industries are adopting IoT to address social, economic, and business challenges and improve operations. Challenges around data analytics, security, skills, and regulation must still be addressed for the full potential of IoT to be realized.
Artificial Intelligence Industry: An Overview by Segment by Emerj AI Research Emerj
This document provides a summary of various reports and analyses on how the artificial intelligence market is segmented and categorized. It discusses how the AI market is difficult to define and quantify given its nascent stage of development. It summarizes key findings from reports by CB Insights, VentureScanner, TechEmergence, O'Reilly, Comet Labs, BCC Research, and Nvidia on how the AI market is broken up into industries, technologies, and application areas. The document concludes that while precisely defining segments is challenging, healthcare, marketing, and finance consistently appear as major focus areas for AI companies.
Some Global Mega-Trends and Implications for the ICT Sector. ESCWA Arab ICT 9...Ilyas Azzioui
The presentation discusses The global Trends "Mega Trends" as global, sustained and macroeconomic forces of development that impact business, economy, society, cultures and personal lives, thereby defining our future world and its increasing pace of change. These Mega-Trends have some implications for the ICT sectors and offers many opportunities for the development of ICT businesses in the future
Governments around the world are developing national AI strategies to encourage innovation, protect citizens, and compete globally in artificial intelligence. These strategies aim to boost economic growth while addressing concerns about privacy, bias, jobs, and other issues. The document urges businesses to engage with governments on developing policies to help manage various tradeoffs around AI, such as innovation vs regulation and transparency vs vulnerability. National strategies and international cooperation will be important to balance opportunities and risks as AI increasingly transforms society and business.
STI Policy and Practices in Japan_Dr. Michiharu Nakamurascirexcenter
STI Policy and Practices in Japan_Dr. NAKAMURA Michiharu, Counselor to the President, Japan Science and Technology Agency_日中韓国際シンポジウム「3カ国からみるイノベーション政策の現状と展望」Japan-China-ROK Symposium "Current Issues and Expectations on Innovation Policy in Three Countries"_20161122
2017 Consumer Products Industry Outlook by DELOITTEthierry jolaine
2017 Consumer Products Industry Outlook
Our latest consumer products industry overview provides a closer look at the trends that are disrupting the industry and changing the way they go to market.
Intelligent Automation: Exploring Enterprise Opportunities for Systems that D...Cognizant
To compete in an era of globalization and fast-moving business change, organizations need to apply smart technologies, which can reduce costs, increase scalability, improve accuracy, boost speed and make better use of human efforts.
The document provides an executive summary and forecast for the Internet of Things (IoT) market opportunity for 1H 2014 worldwide. It finds that the IoT market will be worth $138.4 billion by 2018, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 33.2%. Key service provider verticals are connected car, home, industrial IoT, utilities, and wearable technology. The market is fragmented with many players from different industries and approaches. Standards bodies are working to set a single set of core standards to drive the industry. No single vendor currently has a complete solution. The report provides revenue forecasts by region and vertical through 2018 and discusses trends among equipment providers, service providers, and the segmentation of the IoT market.
This document summarizes a report on the economic contribution of industries that rely on fair use exceptions in U.S. copyright law. It finds that in 2007, fair use industries generated $4.7 trillion in revenue and employed over 17 million workers. Specific industries that benefit from fair use exceptions include software developers, internet companies, educational institutions, and consumer electronics manufacturers. The report estimates that fair use industries now account for around one-sixth of total U.S. economic output and have grown significantly faster than the overall economy in recent years.
The white paper discusses big data in the context of machine-to-machine communications and the internet of things. It introduces the concepts of "subnets of things," which are islands of interconnected devices within a common domain, and "tipping points," which are points at which the network effects of a data community drive further development. The paper examines opportunities for big data analytics within emerging subnets of things and identifies six key themes: the emergence of subnets, tipping points, the business case, qualities of big data, opportunities for operators, and challenges. Subnets are seen as stepping stones toward a full internet of things.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
COMES OF AGE
The Promise and Challenge of Integrating AI
Into Cars, Healthcare and Journalism
David Bollier.
A Report on the
Inaugural Aspen Institute Roundtable on Artificial Intelligence
The survey found that while US local newsroom managers are interested in AI's potential to automate repetitive tasks, they have a limited understanding of AI in journalism. Most newsrooms reported little current use of AI technologies. Digital newsrooms had the highest composite scores on questions about AI readiness, understanding, and usage, with a median of 82, while print was 74, television was 75, and radio was 73. Newsroom managers agreed they could benefit from AI automating tasks but were neutral about their current understanding of AI and concerned about falling behind other news organizations in adopting new technologies. The survey aimed to establish a benchmark for AI readiness among local US newsrooms.
[2018] Tech Trends For Journalism and Media – The Future Today InstituteFilipp Paster
Key Takeaways
2018 marks the beginning of the end of smartphones in the world's largest economies. What's coming next are conversational interfaces with zero-UIs. This will radically change the media landscape, and now is the best time to start thinking through future scenarios.
In 2018, a critical mass of emerging technologies will converge finding advanced uses beyond initial testing and applied research. That’s a signal worth paying attention to. News organizations should devote attention to emerging trends in voice interfaces, the decentralization of content, mixed reality, new types of search, and hardware (such as CubeSats and smart cameras).
Journalists need to understand what artificial intelligence is, what it is not, and what it means for the future of news. AI research has advanced enough that it is now a core component of our work at FTI. You will see the AI ecosystem represented in many of the trends in this report, and it is vitally important that all decision-makers within news organizations familiarize themselves with the current and emerging AI landscapes. We have included an AI Primer For Journalists in our Trend Report this year to aid in that effort.
Decentralization emerged as a key theme for 2018. Among the companies and organizations FTI covers, we discovered a new emphasis on restricted peer-to-peer networks to detect harassment, share resources and connect with sources. There is also a push by some democratic governments around the world to divide internet access and to restrict certain content, effectively creating dozens of “splinternets.”
Consolidation is also a key theme for 2018. News brands, broadcast spectrum, and artificial intelligence startups will continue to be merged with and acquired by relatively few corporations. Pending legislation and policy in the U.S., E.U. and in parts of Asia could further concentrate the power among a small cadre of information and technology organizations in the year ahead.
To understand the future of news, you must pay attention to the future of many industries and research areas in the coming year. When journalists think about the future, they should broaden the usual scope to consider developments from myriad other fields also participating in the knowledge economy. Technology begets technology. We are witnessing an explosion in slow motion.
This document outlines Peter Evans' agenda for 2016 focusing on trends in the digital economy. It discusses the growth of networks, data, and platforms which will intensify in 2016. Specific trends covered include the increasing scale and speed of the industrial internet compared to the consumer internet, the core and periphery of the API economy, alliances in IoT and whether companies will balance or bandwagon, the rise of large platform companies globally, and if digital diplomacy can make Europe more competitive through a digital union. The agenda positions organizations for changes in these areas in the coming year.
The document discusses the potential economic impact and value of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Some key points:
- Global GDP could be 14% higher by 2030 due to AI, equivalent to an additional $15.7 trillion in economic value. China and North America are expected to see the largest boosts of up to 26% and 14% respectively.
- The majority of GDP gains will come from increased productivity and consumption enabled by AI. Productivity gains will be driven by automation of processes and augmentation of human workers. Consumption gains will come from personalized and higher quality AI-enhanced products and services.
- Retail, financial services, and healthcare are identified as sectors that could see the biggest gains from AI
To be of value, big data must often flow across national borders from one country to another. Mandated local data storage of consumer as well as industrial data can restrict or prevent these data flows. This presentation examines restrictive data trade policies and the implications for companies and countries.
Open Data-Driven Innovation and Smart Cities_Open Data Business Model and Pat...Fatemeh Ahmadi
This document discusses open data-driven innovation and smart cities. It begins by defining open data and how open data initiatives have helped launch businesses and new products. Examples are provided of how open data is used, such as by the World Bank to provide development data and eradicate poverty. The document then discusses how data can enable various types of innovation for goods/services, planning, operations, and marketing. Challenges and opportunities around open data-driven innovation in cities are also examined.
This is my second lecture about experience design at HITLab i Ne Zealand. As designers we have this amazing opportunity to change the world, thus, in fact, we always design for the future and not the present. I believe that it is crucial to understand the changes that transform our societies not only from the economical or social perspective but also from the technological one. Trends allow us to see what the future could be like and provide inspiration to change it in a way be trust would be the best.
This research paper analyzes exposed cyber assets in critical sectors across US cities using data from the search engine Shodan. Some key findings include:
- Emergency services in Houston and Lafayette had many exposed assets.
- New York City, as a financial hub, had the most exposed assets in the financial sector.
- Exposed utilities assets were mostly in small towns, not large cities.
- Philadelphia alone had over 65,000 exposed devices in the education sector.
The paper also examines exposed industrial control systems and human machine interfaces that could impact critical infrastructure if accessed maliciously. It concludes by calling for improved awareness and security of these exposed city cyber assets.
Federal Statistical System, Transparency Camp Westbradstenger
Peter Orszag, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, cites "evidence-based policy" to support healthcare reform. However, his evidence comes from Dartmouth University rather than the Federal Statistical System overseen by Katherine Wallman. The statistical system faces challenges in meeting transparency goals due to cultural and technical issues. While statistics are underfunded at just $10-25 per taxpayer, they provide crucial information and were important in WWII. Collaboration between journalists, programmers, statisticians, and policymakers could help improve the system.
The document summarizes the key findings of a Verizon report on the Internet of Things (IoT) market in 2016. It finds that the global IoT market is predicted to grow from $591.7 billion in 2014 to $1.3 trillion in 2019. Many industries are adopting IoT to address social, economic, and business challenges and improve operations. Challenges around data analytics, security, skills, and regulation must still be addressed for the full potential of IoT to be realized.
Artificial Intelligence Industry: An Overview by Segment by Emerj AI Research Emerj
This document provides a summary of various reports and analyses on how the artificial intelligence market is segmented and categorized. It discusses how the AI market is difficult to define and quantify given its nascent stage of development. It summarizes key findings from reports by CB Insights, VentureScanner, TechEmergence, O'Reilly, Comet Labs, BCC Research, and Nvidia on how the AI market is broken up into industries, technologies, and application areas. The document concludes that while precisely defining segments is challenging, healthcare, marketing, and finance consistently appear as major focus areas for AI companies.
Some Global Mega-Trends and Implications for the ICT Sector. ESCWA Arab ICT 9...Ilyas Azzioui
The presentation discusses The global Trends "Mega Trends" as global, sustained and macroeconomic forces of development that impact business, economy, society, cultures and personal lives, thereby defining our future world and its increasing pace of change. These Mega-Trends have some implications for the ICT sectors and offers many opportunities for the development of ICT businesses in the future
Governments around the world are developing national AI strategies to encourage innovation, protect citizens, and compete globally in artificial intelligence. These strategies aim to boost economic growth while addressing concerns about privacy, bias, jobs, and other issues. The document urges businesses to engage with governments on developing policies to help manage various tradeoffs around AI, such as innovation vs regulation and transparency vs vulnerability. National strategies and international cooperation will be important to balance opportunities and risks as AI increasingly transforms society and business.
STI Policy and Practices in Japan_Dr. Michiharu Nakamurascirexcenter
STI Policy and Practices in Japan_Dr. NAKAMURA Michiharu, Counselor to the President, Japan Science and Technology Agency_日中韓国際シンポジウム「3カ国からみるイノベーション政策の現状と展望」Japan-China-ROK Symposium "Current Issues and Expectations on Innovation Policy in Three Countries"_20161122
2017 Consumer Products Industry Outlook by DELOITTEthierry jolaine
2017 Consumer Products Industry Outlook
Our latest consumer products industry overview provides a closer look at the trends that are disrupting the industry and changing the way they go to market.
Intelligent Automation: Exploring Enterprise Opportunities for Systems that D...Cognizant
To compete in an era of globalization and fast-moving business change, organizations need to apply smart technologies, which can reduce costs, increase scalability, improve accuracy, boost speed and make better use of human efforts.
The document provides an executive summary and forecast for the Internet of Things (IoT) market opportunity for 1H 2014 worldwide. It finds that the IoT market will be worth $138.4 billion by 2018, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 33.2%. Key service provider verticals are connected car, home, industrial IoT, utilities, and wearable technology. The market is fragmented with many players from different industries and approaches. Standards bodies are working to set a single set of core standards to drive the industry. No single vendor currently has a complete solution. The report provides revenue forecasts by region and vertical through 2018 and discusses trends among equipment providers, service providers, and the segmentation of the IoT market.
This document summarizes a report on the economic contribution of industries that rely on fair use exceptions in U.S. copyright law. It finds that in 2007, fair use industries generated $4.7 trillion in revenue and employed over 17 million workers. Specific industries that benefit from fair use exceptions include software developers, internet companies, educational institutions, and consumer electronics manufacturers. The report estimates that fair use industries now account for around one-sixth of total U.S. economic output and have grown significantly faster than the overall economy in recent years.
The white paper discusses big data in the context of machine-to-machine communications and the internet of things. It introduces the concepts of "subnets of things," which are islands of interconnected devices within a common domain, and "tipping points," which are points at which the network effects of a data community drive further development. The paper examines opportunities for big data analytics within emerging subnets of things and identifies six key themes: the emergence of subnets, tipping points, the business case, qualities of big data, opportunities for operators, and challenges. Subnets are seen as stepping stones toward a full internet of things.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
COMES OF AGE
The Promise and Challenge of Integrating AI
Into Cars, Healthcare and Journalism
David Bollier.
A Report on the
Inaugural Aspen Institute Roundtable on Artificial Intelligence
The survey found that while US local newsroom managers are interested in AI's potential to automate repetitive tasks, they have a limited understanding of AI in journalism. Most newsrooms reported little current use of AI technologies. Digital newsrooms had the highest composite scores on questions about AI readiness, understanding, and usage, with a median of 82, while print was 74, television was 75, and radio was 73. Newsroom managers agreed they could benefit from AI automating tasks but were neutral about their current understanding of AI and concerned about falling behind other news organizations in adopting new technologies. The survey aimed to establish a benchmark for AI readiness among local US newsrooms.
[2018] Tech Trends For Journalism and Media – The Future Today InstituteFilipp Paster
Key Takeaways
2018 marks the beginning of the end of smartphones in the world's largest economies. What's coming next are conversational interfaces with zero-UIs. This will radically change the media landscape, and now is the best time to start thinking through future scenarios.
In 2018, a critical mass of emerging technologies will converge finding advanced uses beyond initial testing and applied research. That’s a signal worth paying attention to. News organizations should devote attention to emerging trends in voice interfaces, the decentralization of content, mixed reality, new types of search, and hardware (such as CubeSats and smart cameras).
Journalists need to understand what artificial intelligence is, what it is not, and what it means for the future of news. AI research has advanced enough that it is now a core component of our work at FTI. You will see the AI ecosystem represented in many of the trends in this report, and it is vitally important that all decision-makers within news organizations familiarize themselves with the current and emerging AI landscapes. We have included an AI Primer For Journalists in our Trend Report this year to aid in that effort.
Decentralization emerged as a key theme for 2018. Among the companies and organizations FTI covers, we discovered a new emphasis on restricted peer-to-peer networks to detect harassment, share resources and connect with sources. There is also a push by some democratic governments around the world to divide internet access and to restrict certain content, effectively creating dozens of “splinternets.”
Consolidation is also a key theme for 2018. News brands, broadcast spectrum, and artificial intelligence startups will continue to be merged with and acquired by relatively few corporations. Pending legislation and policy in the U.S., E.U. and in parts of Asia could further concentrate the power among a small cadre of information and technology organizations in the year ahead.
To understand the future of news, you must pay attention to the future of many industries and research areas in the coming year. When journalists think about the future, they should broaden the usual scope to consider developments from myriad other fields also participating in the knowledge economy. Technology begets technology. We are witnessing an explosion in slow motion.
IS AI IN JEOPARDY? THE NEED TO UNDER PROMISE AND OVER DELIVER – THE CASE FOR ...csandit
This document provides a review of media coverage on artificial intelligence (AI) and discusses the need to set precise and realistic goals for AI research. It summarizes both the positive perspectives on recent successes in AI as well as potential pitfalls, such as limitations of current deep learning techniques. The document recommends naming AI projects with specific, non-conflated terms to develop "really useful machines" rather than perpetuating hype around goals like artificial general intelligence.
The document provides an overview of artificial intelligence and machine learning from White Star Capital. It discusses the history and evolution of AI from the 1950s to present day, including milestones like the development of neural networks, Deep Blue defeating Kasparov at chess, and AlphaGo defeating the Go champion. The document also defines key AI concepts like machine learning, deep learning, supervised vs unsupervised vs reinforcement learning. It analyzes the growth of the AI sector and increasing investment in areas like AI-first companies, fintech, mobility, healthtech, and more.
Artificial Intelligence and implications for research outputsDanny Kingsley
A talk for UKSG online seminar "Publication to press: Building trust in research communication" held on 27 June 2023.
Abstract:
General AI observations:
* AI probably won’t kill us, but there are risks to identity and reputation
* Regulation around AI is starting but the big corporations are trying to control the discourse
Observations about AI and research publishing
* AI can help with the research process – but it's not a replacement for critical thinking
* The current research publishing environment is full of problems both with and without ChatGPT
* AI is a challenge for the open movement & reproducibility and is likely to feed the paper mill tsunami
Posit: AI is currently the whipping boy for our research assessment system
Conclusion: We need to change the research assessment system
The document summarizes key media and technology trends from 2016, including the rise of "fake news" and declining trust in traditional media. It also discusses the financial struggles of digital publishers and growing power of tech platforms like Facebook and Google. Major developments included the expansion of distributed publishing through platforms like Instant Articles and AMP, increased focus on live and social video, and debates around the responsibilities of platforms.
Why and how is the power of big teach increasing?Araz Taeihagh
Abstract: The growing digitalization of our society has led to a meteoric rise of large technology companies (Big Tech), which have amassed tremendous wealth and influence through their ownership of digital infrastructure and platforms. The recent launch of ChatGPT and the rapid popularization of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) act as a focusing event to further accelerate the concentration of power in the hands of the Big Tech. By using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework, this article investigates how Big Tech utilize their technological monopoly and political influence to reshape the policy landscape and establish themselves as key actors in the policy process. It explores the implications of the rise of Big Tech for policy theory in two ways. First, it develops the Big Tech-centric technology stream, highlighting the differing motivations and activities from the traditional innovation-centric technology stream. Second, it underscores the universality of Big Tech exerting ubiquitous influence within and across streams, to primarily serve their self-interests rather than promote innovation. Our findings emphasize the need for a more critical exploration of policy role of Big Tech to ensure balanced and effective policy outcomes in the age of AI.
Keywords: generative AI, governance, artificial intelligence, big tech, multiple streams framework
Defin
ing artificial intelligence is no easy matter. Since the mid
-
20th century when it
was first
recognized
as a specific field of research, AI has always been envisioned as
an evolving boundary, rather than a settled research field. Fundamentally, it refers
to
a programme whose ambitious objective is to understand and reproduce human
cognition; creating cognitive processes comparable to those found in human beings.
Therefore, we are naturally dealing with a wide scope here, both in terms of the
technical proced
ures that can be employed and the various disciplines that can be
called upon: mathematics, information technology, cognitive sciences, etc. There is
a great variety of approaches when it comes to AI: ontological, reinforcement
learning, adversarial learni
ng and neural networks, to name just a few. Most of them
have been known for decades and many of the algorithms used today were
developed in the ’60s and ’70s.
Since the 1956 Dartmouth conference, artificial intelligence has alternated between
periods of
great enthusiasm and disillusionment, impressive progress and frustrating
failures. Yet, it has relentlessly pushed back the limits of what was only thought to
be achievable by human beings. Along the way, AI research has achieved significant
successes: o
utperforming human beings in complex games (chess, Go),
understanding natural language, etc. It has also played a critical role in the history
of mathematics and information technology. Consider how many softwares that we
now take for granted once represen
ted a major breakthrough in AI: chess game
apps, online translation programmes, etc
Artificial Intelligence And Its Impact On Future Work And JobsBrittany Brown
The document provides an analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on future work and jobs. It makes the following key points:
1) AI is advancing rapidly through technologies like machine learning, robotics and algorithms, and this fourth industrial revolution will significantly impact economies and labor markets.
2) While some experts warn that AI will displace many human jobs, the document argues that AI will not result in long-term unemployment. Throughout history, new technologies have changed the composition of jobs rather than eliminating all work.
3) AI is still in the early "hype cycle" stage, but the author believes it will have a lasting impact like other major innovations. As AI capabilities improve through computational advances,
Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI): Overview of AI Risks, Safety & Gove...Sarasadat Makian
Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI): Overview of AI Risks, Safety & Governance
2024
Comprehensive report to guide responsible AI practices from World Travel & Tourism Council in partnership with global technology leader Microsoft.
Discover how to:
Identify and mitigate AI risks like bias and job displacement.
Implement ethical principles for AI safety and oversight.
Stay informed on the latest AI policies and regulations.
New powers, new responsibilities the journalism ai reportVittorio Pasteris
The report summarizes the findings of a survey of 71 news organizations from 32 countries about their use and perspectives on artificial intelligence (AI). Key findings include:
1) AI is already used significantly in journalism but unevenly, with potential for wide-ranging future impact.
2) Newsrooms see AI augmenting but not yet transforming journalism.
3) Just over a third of respondents had an active AI strategy, with different organizational approaches.
4) Newsroom roles were seen changing more through augmentation than replacement of jobs.
5) Biggest challenges to adopting AI were financial/skills resources and cultural resistance.
6) The report outlines elements that should be considered for an effective AI strategy.
Artificial Intelligence A Study of Automation, and Its Impact on Data Scienceijtsrd
AI is changing the exceptionally nature of work and information science is no special case. Will the more high demand specialized aptitudes of nowadays be required ten a long time from presently. How will the information science teach advance to meet the trade needs of a commercial center with ever increasing applications of AI. Mussaratjahan Korpali | Akshata Walikar | Kaveri Parshuram Vijapur "Artificial Intelligence: A Study of Automation, and Its Impact on Data Science" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/49316/artificial-intelligence-a-study-of-automation-and-its-impact-on-data-science/mussaratjahan-korpali
The document summarizes a report by the 2015 Study Panel of the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. The report focuses on how AI may impact life in a typical North American city by 2030. It examines eight domains: transportation, healthcare, education, low-resource communities, public safety, employment, home robots, and entertainment. In each domain, AI technologies are already providing benefits but also raising ethical issues. While impressive, current AI systems are narrowly focused - broad, beneficial impacts on society will come through continued research and careful development of applications over the next 15 years.
The document summarizes a report by the 2015 Study Panel of the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. The report focuses on how AI may impact life in a typical North American city by 2030. It examines eight domains: transportation, healthcare, education, low-resource communities, public safety, employment, home robots, and entertainment. In each domain, AI technologies are already providing benefits but also raising ethical issues. While impressive, current AI systems are narrowly focused - broad, beneficial impacts on society from AI are expected to emerge between now and 2030.
The document summarizes the goals and structure of the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence, which was launched in 2014 to conduct long-term investigations on the field of AI and its impacts on society. It describes the study's origins from a prior 2008-2009 study called the "AAAI Asilomar Study". The inaugural 2015 report from the One Hundred Year Study focuses on envisioning what life would be like in a typical North American city in 2030 with advances in AI integrated into domains like transportation, healthcare, education, and more. The report is aimed at informing the general public, industry, governments, and AI researchers on the current state of AI and important considerations around its development and applications.
The document provides an overview and executive summary of a report by the 2015 Study Panel of the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence. The summary discusses how AI is already impacting various domains like transportation, healthcare, education, and others. It notes that while AI applications provide benefits, they also create challenges and risks that need to be addressed. The report focuses on the likely influences of AI in a typical North American city by 2030 across eight key domains. It finds that increasingly useful AI applications will emerge in areas like transportation, healthcare, education, and others between now and 2030, but also may disrupt labor markets. The summary concludes that a balanced approach is needed to both innovate with AI and ensure its benefits are
The document discusses how emerging technologies will disrupt philanthropy over the next 25 years. It outlines several disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the internet of things that will change the way organizations operate and create new social problems to address. It also discusses challenges like algorithmic bias, filter bubbles dividing public discourse, challenges to civil society from closing civic spaces, and implications of trends like automation threatening jobs, urbanization shifting power to cities, and an aging population. The document advocates for grantmakers and charities to start preparing for these changes by exploring new opportunities to achieve their missions, understanding the impacts on their organizations, and helping shape debates around future challenges.
AI ML 2023 Measuring Trends Analysis by Stanford UniversityIke Alisson
This year, the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) 386 pages Report introduces more original data than any previous edition, including a new Chapter on AI Public Opinion, a more thorough Technical Performance Chapter, Original Analysis about Large Language and Multimodal Models, detailed Trends in Global AI Legislation Records, a Study of the Environmental Impact of AI Systems, and more. On the "success" of AI ML on the Market, w.r.t. Chapter 4, indicating: "Corporate Investment (Mergers/Acquisitions, Minority Stakes, Private Investment, & Public Offerings) dipped in 2022 to 190 billion from 2021 amount of 276 billion highs, but the number has still increased 13-fold in the last decade. The Biggest Investment event of the Year was the Nuance Communications acquisition; the Computer SW Tech Company was picked up by Microsoft for $19.7 billion."
Similar to Brennen uk media_coverage_of_ai_final (20)
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...APNIC
Adli Wahid, Senior Internet Security Specialist at APNIC, delivered a presentation titled 'Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...APNIC
Md. Zobair Khan,
Network Analyst and Technical Trainer at APNIC, presented 'Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
1. | 1 |
An Industry-Led Debate: How UK
Media Cover Artificial Intelligence
Authors: J. Scott Brennen, Philip N. Howard, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen
Key findings
As industry, government, and academia invest in
various forms of artificial intelligence, many believe
that these rapidly developing technologies will
radically reshape life across the United Kingdom.
How they might do so, however, and what role the
public might play in shaping that transformation,
all remain open questions. Quality news coverage is
essential to the vibrant and critical public discussion
needed to confront this emerging public issue. In this
RISJ Factsheet, we analyse eight months of reporting
on artificial intelligence (AI) in six mainstream news
outlets in the United Kingdom. Our mixed-methods
analysis of 760 articles that reference AI reveals three
main findings:
• Nearly 60 percent of news articles across outlets
are indexed to industry products, initiatives, or
announcements. 33 percent of unique sources
acrossallarticlesareaffiliatedwithindustry,almost
twice as many as those from academia, and six
times as many as those from government. Nearly
12 percent of all articles reference Elon Musk.
• PortrayingAIasarelevantandcompetentsolution
to a range of public problems, outlets regularly
assert the influence it will have across areas of
public life often with little acknowledgement of
on-going debates concerning AI’s potential effects.
• As an emerging public issue, AI is being politicised
through the topics that outlets emphasise in their
coverage:
°° Right-leaning outlets highlight issues
of economics and geopolitics, including
automation,nationalsecurity,andinvestment.
°° Left-leaning outlets highlight issues of ethics
of AI, including discrimination, algorithmic
bias, and privacy.
While news coverage provides an important
foundationforpublicdiscussionofAI,expertscontinue
to disagree about what AI is, what it will be able to do,
and how it can be designed, regulated, and integrated
intosociety.Therecognitionbynewsoutletsthatthere
are legitimately different political interpretations of
what AI is and what topics deserve public attention
might help bridge the diverse conversations occurring
around AI and facilitate a richer public dialogue. Public
discussion might also benefit from news outlets
moving beyond industry initiatives and sources that
tend to focus on only one side and thus can undercut a
wider understanding of AI as a public issue. Increased
engagement from scientists, activists, and others can
provide alternative and independent views on the
capabilities, promises, and pitfalls of AI, while helping
portray AI less as a world-ending disruption and more
as a set of powerful new technologies that are in the
process of being developed.
General Overview
Artificial intelligence is a term that is both widely used
and loosely defined. Most basically, AI is a collection
of ideas, technologies, and techniques that relate to
F A C T S H E E T
December 2018
2. AN INDUSTRY-LED DEBATE: HOW UK MEDIA COVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
| 2 |
a computer system’s capacity to, as Dickens Olewe
of the BBC described it, ‘perform tasks normally
requiring human intelligence’ (5 Apr. 2018). Research
on artificial intelligence dates to the beginning of
computing. However, over the last 15 years, there
have been major advancements in the field as a
result of increased computational processing power,
developments in algorithms, and perhaps most
importantly, the availability of large data sets that
can help train AI systems (Select Committee on AI,
2018). Today, most AI systems involve machine or deep
learning, types of algorithms that can both recognise
patterns in data sets with little human direction and
improve over time.
Companies across the world are investing heavily in
artificial intelligence research and development. Both
new start-ups and existing companies are integrating
artificial intelligence into a wide range of products
from self-driving cars, to weapons, to athletic shoes –
and services, including health care, news production,
and social media content curation. Over the last few
years, the UK government has also made artificial
intelligence a major policy initiative. In May 2018, the
government announced the Artificial Intelligence and
Data Grand Challenge, an effort ‘to put the UK at the
forefront of the AI and data revolution’ (Gov.uk, 2018).
In recent speeches, Theresa May has identified AI
as a major growth area for both British industry and
health care. That being said, there remains significant
uncertainty and debate concerning not only what
effects AI may have across society (Select Committee
on AI, 2018), but also how we should regulate and
develop AI systems to ensure their equitable and safe
deployment for the public good (see Dafoe, 2018).
Amid notable industry, government, and academic
interest, AI has become a popular topic in UK news.
However, there have been few systematic analyses
of how UK media are covering AI. A House of Lords
report released in April 2018 included testimony from
several journalists and AI experts on media coverage.
Opinions ranged from that of BBC technology reporter
Rory Cellan-Jones, who observed, ‘I think we are doing
a pretty broad and, generally, sensible job, with the
occasional bout of alarmism’ (Select Committee on AI,
2017, Q.13), to the computer scientist Peter McOwan,
who argued that public discussion is
overweighed at the moment by the negative stories
associated with AI. Very often these negative stories
are somewhat sensational, not surprisingly because
they are picked up by the newspapers and very often
are not based on the credible technicalities of what is
available to us at the moment and include a very large
pinch of future gazing. (Q.214)
Others have argued that media coverage frequently
swings between two sensational poles: utopian
dreams of workless futures and eternal life, and
dystopian nightmares of robot uprisings and the
apocalypse (Craig, 2018).
MainstreammediacoverageofAIisdevelopingagainst
a backdrop of structural changes across the news
industry, including persistent economic disruption
and the digital transformation (Kueng, 2017; Newman
et al., 2018). Specialty reporting – including science
and technology journalism – has been especially
impacted. Some outlets have reduced or even
eliminated their science and/or technology desks.
These changes mean that some outlets cover these
stories less frequently, task non-specialist reporters
with reporting these stories, give their reporters less
time and fewer resources to cover them, or encourage
more reliance on press releases or wire articles
(Schäfer, 2017; Dunwoody, 2014). These pressures and
challenges all complicate reporting on a topic as new
and technically complex as AI.
Despite these myriad challenges, mainstream news
outlets remain a key space for, and influence on,
public discussion. As AI spreads into diverse areas
of public life through new products, major research
initiatives, and automated decision-making, we need
to understand better how technical research and
expert views are translated into public. But we also
need to understand better who is being given space
to discuss AI and what they are saying: the public
narratives, expectations, hopes, and fears surrounding
AI. News coverage can provide publics with space and
resources to make sense of and address pressing
public problems. Studying media discussion of AI
helps elucidate what AI is, what AI could be, and what
AI means to publics.
The findings described here derive from a systematic
analysis of a corpus of 760 articles produced in the
first eight months of 2018 by six mainstream UK news
outlets. The corpus comprises all written content
produced and archived by these outlets, including
news, features, and commentary. These outlets were
strategically selected to represent a variety of political
leanings as well as a mix of legacy and digital-born
outlets. The corpus includes two right-leaning outlets,
the Telegraph, and the MailOnline1
; two left-leaning
1
Given that the MailOnline and the Daily Mail have distinct editorial teams and approaches, we look at both outlets separately.
3. AN INDUSTRY-LED DEBATE: HOW UK MEDIA COVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
| 3 |
outlets, the Guardian, and the HuffPost; one publicly
funded outlet, the BBC; and one technology-specific
outlet, the UK edition of Wired. Articles were collected
either from the LexisNexis archive or from outlets’
own online archives through targeted searches of the
phrases: ‘artificial intelligence’, ‘machine learning’,
‘deep learning’, and ‘neural networks’.2
Articles were
coded for a range of data including outlet, author(s),
article type (news, feature, opinion, etc.), and news peg
(academic study, product release, government report,
etc.). Also, every unique direct quote within articles
was coded by type of source (e.g. academic computer
scientist, politician, CEO, etc.). Finally, articles were
inductively coded for recurring themes, topics, and
frames.
Three Themes
Ouranalysisrevealsanumberofdistinctthemeswithin
the corpus, ranging from AI’s potential in healthcare to
automation to global competition in AI development.
Rather than describe each in turn, we select three of
the most common: one that is found across outlets,
one that is more common in right-leaning outlets,
and one that is more common in left-leaning outlets.
Together, these three themes highlight not only the
incipient politicisation of AI as a public issue, but also
the predominance of frames that prioritise industry
initiatives while positioning AI as a widely relevant and
competent solution to a variety of public problems.
New Industry Products,
Announcements, and Research
By a notable margin, the single most common topic or
themeacrosscoverageinvolvesintroducing,reviewing,
or critiquing commercial products, initiatives, or
research. Nearly 60 percent of news articles were
coded as being framed around an industry product.
As news pegs, new industry products or initiatives
far outpace academic studies, reports, or political
speeches (see Figure 1).
In being indexed to industry concerns, many news and
feature stories describe new products that include
artificial intelligence. Products range from those as
mundane as smart phones, or running shoes, to those
as outrageous as sex robots or brain preservation.
Many articles follow business dealings or AI-related
initiatives of large technology companies. Start-ups,
buyouts, and investments all generated coverage,
as did ongoing efforts such as Facebook’s AI-driven
content moderation or Google’s DeepMind. Outlets
also regularly covered industry promotional events,
such as IBM’s ‘debate’ between humans and an AI,
or conferences and tech shows like the Consumer
Electronics Show (CES) or the developer conference
Google I/O. High-level executives at tech companies
involved in AI also regularly inspired coverage.
Whether this was Elon Musk pontificating about
the future of AI, or when Jane Wakefield of the BBC
reported, ‘DeepMind co-founder Shane Legg gives
2
That being said, nearly every article in the corpus includes the phrase ‘artificial intelligence.’ Even those articles that discuss machine
learning, deep learning, or neural networks, specifically identify these as techniques of AI.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Academic
research
16%
All industry
60%
Government
18%
Civil society
4%
Other
2%
Product/research 33%
Other announcement 19%
Event 3%
Protest 1%
Executive speech 4%
Figure 1: Relative proportion of news pegs in news articles
(n=419). ‘Academic research’ news pegs include speeches by academic researchers and release of findings from academic studies. ‘Government’
includes political speeches and government reports. ‘All industry’ includes products, announcements, business dealings, and research.
4. AN INDUSTRY-LED DEBATE: HOW UK MEDIA COVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
| 4 |
London teen top AI tips’ (2 Aug. 2018). Finally, just
over 2 percent of the corpus, or 17 articles across four
outlets, were identified as being paid for and placed by
companies. Sponsoring companies included Barclays,
Pharmacy2U, J.P. Morgan, Hitachi, and Sandoz and
non-profit organisations such as the Thomson Reuters
Foundation, Rockefeller, and Skoll Foundations.
Industry influence over AI coverage is not, however,
limited to story topics: industry-connected sources
also predominate across outlets. As seen in Figure
2, 33 percent of unique sources across outlets are
industry related. This is almost twice the proportion
of academic sources and six times more than political
or government sources.3
The vast majority of these
industry sources are CEOs or other high-level
executives.4
Notably, the Guardian is the only outlet
in which industry sources were not the most cited;
academic sources were the most cited in the Guardian
(32.7 percent).
Several persistent frames emerged across the
hundreds of articles detailing industry concerns. First,
across news, feature, and opinion articles, products
are often framed as solutions to on-going problems.
These problems range from cancer to renewable
energy to road rage to judging ‘If Your Outfit is Good
or Bad’ (HuffPost UK, 7 June 2018) or keeping ‘the
passion in a relationship’ (HuffPost UK, 10 Apr. 2018).
Taken together, the implication becomes that all these
different types of problems are best approached not
only through a technological solution but through an
AI-driven technological solution. Rarely do journalists
or commentators question if (AI-containing) new
technologies are the best solutions to these myriad
problems.
Second, AI is frequently recognised as bringing
massive changes across sectors, from revolutionising
the mining industry and warfare to transforming fish
farming and healthcare. The MailOnline is especially
fond of heralding, and quoting those that herald, AI-
led revolutions in everything from ‘how the world’s
music is organized and curated’ (23 May, 2018) to
‘man’s relationship with technology’ (9 Jan. 2018).
Some outlets amplify the potential implications of
these products by focusing on either the intention
behindorthepotentialofanewproduct,ratherthanits
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
All industry
Other
Written sources
Government/politician
Advocacy/civil society
All academic
Average
n=760
Telegraph
n=165
MailOnline
n=172
Daily Mail
n=44
Guardian
n=152
HuffPost
n=64
BBC
n=82
Wired UK
n=81
Figure 2: Relative percentages of unique sources in all articles across outlets
3
This broad category includes politicians, civil servants, MPs, and government ministers.
4
The relative source makeup varied across outlets. The highest category overall was coded as ‘written sources’, this included quotations
from press releases, speeches, statements, or other news stories. This was notably high for the MailOnline (70.5 percent).
‘All industry’ includes company executives, researchers, employees, and spokespersons. ‘Written sources’ include quotations from press
releases, official statements, speeches, as well as from other news articles. ‘Government/politician’ includes politicians, civil servants, MPs,
and ministers. ‘Advocacy/civil society’ includes members of advocacy organisations. ‘All academic’ includes any researcher or administrator
employed by a university.
5. AN INDUSTRY-LED DEBATE: HOW UK MEDIA COVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
| 5 |
current functionality. When the Telegraph notes that
‘Viagra inventor aims to heal “broken” drugs model
with AI’ (26 July 2018), or that ‘Google is planning to
use satellite imagery to map the “solar potential”
of Britain’s rooftops’ (31 Mar. 2018) it obscures the
distinction between what is actually possible and what
is aspirational. Perhaps the most egregious example
of this is when outlets report on patent filings, such
as when the BBC reports that ‘A coffee-delivery drone
that can detect when people are tired and bring them
a drink has been patented by technology company
IBM’ (23 Aug. 2018). Filing a patent requires neither
that a company has a working prototype, nor even an
intention of making one.
Importantly, not all industry-driven articles are
positive. That AI-containing products are ‘creepy’
is a persistent concern – and outlets describe
everything from Facebook’s eye-opening algorithms,
to the Robotdog Spot Mini, to Chinese government
surveillance as creepy. But perhaps more telling, a
small fraction of articles also question the ability or
competence of AI-containing products. Some argue
that particular products simply don’t work well.
The MailOnline and the Daily Mail published several
feature stories meant to be sarcastic or humorous:
one exclaims ‘Smart? These gadgets nearly drove me
out of my mind’ (MailOnline, 7 Jan. 2018).
Other opinion pieces address more fundamental
limitations of artificial intelligence itself. Some see
that AI systems and humans will continue to have very
different types of intelligence. Others argue that AI
will continue to fail at tasks involving creative pursuits,
emotional labour and relationships, and generating
trust. Notably, however, these articles usually match
this with the admission that AI already excels in
many other areas. Others more directly question the
fundamental idea of artificial intelligence itself. One
commentator observes, ‘What is needed here is not
artificial intelligence but real intelligence’ (HuffPost
UK, 12 Feb. 2018). Others note that despite recent
advances we remain very far from the long-running
goal of a ‘general artificial intelligence’, a system that
could replicate the full range of human intelligence
(BBC, 17 Aug. 2018). That being said, such discussions
of the fundamental limitations of AI are comparatively
rare across the corpus.
Economics and Geopolitics
While every outlet addresses issues of economics
and geopolitics, the two more right-leaning outlets,
the print version of the Daily Mail and the Telegraph,
emphasise these concerns to a degree that sets them
apart.
There is a degree of consensus that the UK is already
a ‘world leader in AI’ (Telegraph, 20 Aug. 2018) that
‘punches well above its weight in AI’ (Telegraph, 26
Apr. 2018). Some echo the House of Lords in observing
that ‘Britain contains leading AI companies, a
dynamic academic research culture, a vigorous start
up ecosystem and a constellation of legal, ethical,
financial and linguistic strengths located in proximity
to each other’ (quoted in the Telegraph, 18 Apr. 2018).
Others connect the UK’s success in AI to something
more intrinsic and unique to the UK as a country,
noting the UK’s ‘rich history in AI’ going back to Charles
Babbage and Ada Lovelace (Telegraph, 26 Apr. 2018), or
that, as the conservative MP Greg Clark argues in an
editorial in the HuffPost, ‘We are a nation of innovators
with some of the most brilliant minds and pioneering
anywhere in the world’ (22 May 2018).
Two broad conversations predominate across
discussions of economics and geopolitics in these
outlets.
Automation and the Fourth Industrial
Revolution
As might be expected, discussion of automation
and job loss is a persistent concern across coverage.
There are several distinct ways outlets cover this
topic. The left-leaning outlets frequently discuss
jobs lost through automation. Some focus more on
manufacturing jobs or those ‘in the lower-skill, lower-
pay sections of our economy where job insecurity is
already the new normal’ (HuffPost UK, 12 July 2018);
others write more broadly about the impact across
sectors. Several commentators in the Guardian
consider the larger economic or social implications
of massive job loss; one observes, ‘if robots are taking
human jobs, we need to figure out how we would deal
with a large jobless population’ (13 Mar. 2018).
In contrast, others argue that as AI takes over some
jobs, new jobs will arise. Some go even further and
claim that AI will be a net producer of jobs. This
sentiment is found most commonly in the Telegraph
and the Daily Mail. Jeremy Warner argues in the
Telegraph, ‘We don’t need to worry too much about
the long-term effects [of automation]. Anything that
drives productivity growth, the magic ingredient that
feeds prosperity and living standards, is by definition
always going to be our friend’ (18 Apr. 2018).
In many ways, this argument is closely tied to the
persistent discussion of AI as part of a larger ‘fourth
6. AN INDUSTRY-LED DEBATE: HOW UK MEDIA COVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
| 6 |
industrial revolution’. In its broadest form, the fourth
Industrial Revolution is described as a revolution in
economic and industrial life defined by ‘advancing
digital technologies, robotics and artificial intelligence
(AI)’ (BBC, 18 Apr. 2018) that will ‘make many jobs
obsolete with far-reaching social and cultural
consequences’(Telegraph,20Aug.2018).Asindicatedby
its name, it is counterpoised against previous industrial
revolutions each of which ‘had a wrenching and lengthy
impact on the jobs market, on the lives and livelihoods
of large swathes of society’ (Andy Haldane quoted in
the Telegraph, 21 Aug. 2018). Yet, comparison to these
previous transformations ultimately suggests an
optimistic outlook: as one Telegraph editorial observes,
‘each of the great technological advances of the past
have enriched the world not impoverished it, so why
should it be any different this time?’ (22 Aug. 2018).
National Security and Regulation
Beyond motivating a transformation in the global
economy, some articles frame AI as heralding a new
geopolitical order. Five different articles, a mix of news,
features, and opinion pieces, quote Putin as saying in
2017: ‘Artificial intelligence is the future, not only for
Russia, but for all humankind. Whoever becomes
the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of
the world.’ While it remains unclear how this might
happen, the implication is that whichever country
leads in AI development will not only have economic
advantage, but will have a military advantage both
in terms of cyber- and traditional warfare. Several
articles in the Telegraph detail arguments that the
UK needs to increase military spending to update its
military equipment and infrastructure and increase
its capacity to fight cyber attacks.
For others, the imperatives of national security and
prosperity mean we must limit regulation. Jeremy
Warner argues in the Telegraph that ‘We risk leaving
the future to China in our rush to data protection’ –
that even while privacy concerns are important, ‘data
is the future’ (25 Apr. 2018) and limiting the ability of
companies to gather and use large data sets will set
the UK back. Several other Telegraph opinion pieces
similarly argue that the government ‘must resist the
temptation to slow down its [AI’s] advance through
inappropriate red tape and burdensome taxation’ (23
Jan. 2018; see also 1 June 2018). Indeed, this imperative
against regulation and taxation also means some are
sanguineaboutAI’sprospectspost-Brexit.Asaprofileof
BorisJohnsonintheTelegraphnotes: ‘Tohim,thewhole
point of Brexit is to break free from EU regulations
so Britain can lead the world in life sciences, artificial
intelligence and driverless cars – all without hindrance
from Brussels diktats’ (8 June 2018). That is, once free
from restrictive EU regulations, the UK will be able to
fully pursue AI research – and have unfettered access
to lifeblood of AI: large amounts of data.
Ethics, Discrimination, and Killer
Robots
Broadly speaking, the ethics of artificial intelligence is
one of the most common themes across the corpus.
Yet, just as the importance of AI to national success
and security is prioritised in right-leaning papers, left-
leaning outlets show a greater emphasis on the ethics,
limits, and dangers of AI. Articles highlight ethical
concerns surrounding topics such as deepfakes,
automation, autonomous vehicles and weapons,
data, privacy, hiring, facial recognition, human
enhancement, and discrimination.
Just as industry products and initiatives drive much
of the coverage of AI more broadly, they also serve as
news pegs for many considerations of ethical issues.
Ethical discussions appear in stories as diverse as
those about a special effects company using AI or
Google’s ‘ethically lost’ Duplex (Zynep Tufekci quoted
in the Guardian, 11 May 2018). Similarly, there are
a series of news and feature articles about ethics
initiatives at tech companies, and many articles that
report high-level industry executives advocating for
more ethical implementation of AI. This includes
Demis Hassabis of DeepMind, Matt Wood at Amazon,
and Kaave Pour at IKEA, who is cited saying ‘We truly
believe that it’s going to be a competitive advantage to
behave ethically’ (Wired UK, 20 Mar. 2018). Of course,
the most commonly cited CEO is Elon Musk, whose
concerns about AI taking over the world appear in
88 different articles, nearly 12 percent of the entire
corpus. Of these, more than half are in the MailOnline.
While there are a handful of opinion pieces across
outlets that present sophisticated and rich discussions
of the ethics of AI, many more articles substitute calls
fordiscussionaboutethicsforactualethicaldiscussion.
Articles frequently identify ethical topics or questions,
but then stop before going further. One Guardian
article notes, ‘Whenever there is talk of enhancing
humans, moral questions remain – particularly around
where the human ends and the machine begins’ (1 Jan.
2018). A HuffPost editorial observes,
Therealissueiswhetherwereallywantasocietywhere
a piece of code decides which information sources we
do and do not see? An even better question might be,
do we really want to live in a society where that piece
7. AN INDUSTRY-LED DEBATE: HOW UK MEDIA COVER ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
| 7 |
of code is owned, built and operated by a private
corporation? (13 July 2018)
Sometimes this questioning without answering
involves pushing the work of actual ethics off on
others, such as academics, government, or one of a
number of new organisations meant to address the
ethics of AI, including the UK government’s new centre
on Data and Ethics, Deepmind’s Ethics & Society, and
the Partnership on AI.
While, as noted above, there are a number of different
ethical topics raised across the corpus, two of the most
prominent involve discrimination and autonomous
weapons – or ‘killer robots.’
Discrimination
Both the Guardian and the HuffPost share a persistent
concern that both current AI systems and those in
development can enact and perpetuate forms of
discrimination. Articles provide a range of examples
of AI systems that have already shown significant
biases. One Guardian article reports that after Google
was widely criticised for an image recognition system
that ‘auto-tagged pictures of black people as “gorillas”’
Google’s solution was to ‘prevent Google Photos from
ever labeling any image as a gorilla, chimpanzee, or
monkey – even pictures of the primates themselves’ (12
Jan. 2018). Several news and feature articles report on
bias in AI systems used for hiring. A Wired piece reports
onAI-containingsystemsusedbypolicetodiscriminate
against lower-income neighbourhoods (1 Mar. 2018).
More telling however, are the explanations of why AI
is discriminatory – of where the bias itself comes into
the system. Articles identify at least three distinct
source of bias. First, AI systems require large data sets.
Four different articles quote ‘that the old computing
adage “garbage in, garbage out”’ – that is, ‘Bias creeps
in when your data sets aren’t inclusive enough and AI
then learns from our own prejudices’ (HuffPost UK, 12
Mar. 2018).
Second,othersask,asoneBBCarticledoes,‘whatifthe
algorithms themselves are biased?’ (6 Feb. 2018). This
is especially troubling given ‘a lack of transparency
about what goes into the algorithms’ (Wired UK,
24 Aug. 2018). On the one hand, machine learning
processes can make it impossible to understand the
ways in which algorithms make decisions. On the
other, commercial interests can mean companies are
not willing to reveal how algorithms work. One op-ed
in Wired identifies a unique form of algorithmic bias
in the ‘inbuilt tendency to favour that which can be
measured over that which cannot’ (28 Jan. 2018).
Third, some note that bias in AI systems can derive
from the engineers who construct them. One BBC
article quotes a computer scientist observing, ‘sexist
AI could be down to the fact that a lot of machines are
programmed by “white, single guys from California”
and can be addressed, at least partially, by diversifying
the workforce’ (BBC, 6 Feb. 2018) or by ‘encouraging
more women to take up the profession and create
algorithms’ (Guardian, 13 Mar. 2018).
Killer Robots
Notwithstanding its cartoonish moniker, the
discussion over ‘killer robots’ in the corpus is for the
most part grounded in a pressing concern over the use
ofautonomousorsemi-autonomousweaponsystems.
Despite the occasional sensationalist headlines in the
MailOnline, such as ‘Killer military robots will create a
nightmare dystopia if they are allowed to kill at will…’
(27 Aug. 2018), much of the coverage hews close to
grounded events and actions within the broader social
action around autonomous weapons. A number of
articles highlight the work of the Campaign to Stop
Killer Robots, the recent UN hearings on autonomous
weapons, the Future of Life Pledge – a statement
against autonomous weapons signed by more than
2,500 researchers and industry experts – and the
organised opposition to Google’s contract to develop
automated drone detection software for the US
Department of Defense.
Interestingly, there is little discussion in the corpus
whether autonomous weapons should be banned.
Rather, what discussion or disagreement exists
concernswhatarethespecificdangersofautonomous
weapons. Articles identify three distinct dangers of
autonomous weapons.
The first danger, which is found more in right-leaning
outlets, is an extreme or ‘existential’ threat such as
thatautonomousweaponsrebel.OneTelegrapharticle
begins: ‘Scenarios from The Terminator [sic] in which
beings with artificial intelligence turn on humans are
just “one to two decades away”, according to a former
Google chief’ (2 Mar. 2018), another suggests the
possibility that AI ‘becomes self-aware and attempts
to wipe out humanity’ (16 Apr. 2018).
In contrast, Toby Walsh of the Guardian writes:
The killer robots I’m talking about aren’t T101
Terminator robots. It’s stupid AI that I’m most worried
about. They are much simpler technologies that are
just a few years away. (6 Apr. 2018)
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Walsh joins other commentators in noting that
weapons will be ‘Cheap. Effective. And easily available,’
(ibid.) making these ‘weapons of mass destruction’
that ‘will industrialise war, changing the speed and
duration of how we can fight’ (Guardian 9 Apr. 2018).
Others worry that autonomous weapons are currently
against international law, or that the race to create
these systems could spark a new global arms race,
or an actual war. Finally, some raise more basic moral
or ethical concerns about ceding decisions over
life and death to algorithms. The Campaign to Stop
Killer Robots writes on its website: ‘Allowing life or
death decisions to be made by machines crosses a
fundamental moral line. Autonomous robots would
lack human judgment and the ability to understand
context.’
Understanding Media Coverage of AI
While there have been few empirical studies of UK
media coverage of artificial intelligence, as noted
above, some have described coverage as consistently
sensational (Select Committee on AI, 2018; Schwartz,
2018). While we found some sensationalised content,
wesawfarlessthanexpected.AnumberofMailOnline
articles include sensational headlines, such as ‘The
AI that can tell you when you’ll DIE...’ (23 Feb. 2018) –
however, the articles that follow are far more routine,
deriving much of their substance from press releases
or other news articles. Some headlines across other
outlets veer toward the sensational – often slightly
overstating findings: ‘DeepMind has trained an AI to
unlock the mysteries of your brain’ (Wired UK, 9 May,
2018). But most are far more routine: ‘Fintech firm
Previse targets late-payment problem’ (BBC, 8 Jan.
2018) or ‘Move over CPUs and GPUs, the Intelligence
Processing Unit is the super-smart chip of the future’
(Wired UK, 25 June 2018).
Our findings, however, reveal an alternative set of
concerns regarding the coverage of AI. Irrespective
of topic, a majority of articles across the corpus are
pegged to industry concerns, products, and initiatives.
Of course, much of the research and development of
AI is occurring in the commercial sector. However, we
identify several concerns with this persistent indexing
to industry initiatives. When articles profile a new
AI start up or detail some high-level business deal,
largely on the basis of industry sources, they amplify
self-interested assertions of AI’s value and potential.
Similarly, in positioning AI primarily as a private
commercial concern, outlets undercut consideration
of the role of politics, public action, and collective
decision-making in addressing AI. In prioritising
industry sources above government employees,
politicians, activists, and academics, outlets downplay
theresponsibilityofpublicsandpublicrepresentatives
in addressing this emerging public issue. At the same
time, in being so consistently indexed to industry
sources and concerns, outlets limit the range of voices
included in public conversation. For example, every
time that an article reports Elon Musk’s extreme
– if entertaining – opinions about AI, it misses an
opportunity to bring in other, less familiar voices.
Our analysis also shows how industry topics and
sources regularly encourage outlets to position AI as
a viable solution to a wide range of problems. When
articles describe AI systems that can direct coffee-
dispensing drones, identify clothing brands from
pictures, reorder geopolitical power, or conquer death,
the implication is AI can serve as a solution to a vast
array of problems – from the frivolous to the profound.
Yet in doing so, outlets rarely interrogate either the
limits of AI’s competency or the role that humans
continue to play in its design and implementation.
As relevant, competent, and somewhat autonomous,
AI is often described as a radical disrupter, up-ending
the economic and political status quo. As such, AI is
seen as already wielding massive influence across our
lives: reshaping everything from global economics,
to politics, to healthcare. Even (calls for) ethical
considerations of AI assert the revolutionary effects
of AI. It is only because AI will have such profound
and radical influence across sectors that we need
to consider its ethical implications. The website for
DeepMind’s Ethics & Society initiative announces
‘We created DeepMind Ethics & Society because
we believe AI can be of extraordinary benefit to the
world, but only if held to the highest ethical standards’
(DeepMind, 2018). While it is possible that AI will
radically re-order all areas of our lives, AI experts
continue to disagree sharply about AI’s impact (e.g.
House of Lords, 2017) and the degree to which social
action, politics, and public decision-making will
amplify, impede, or mediate AI’s effects.
Our findings also highlight the connections between
AI coverage and technology reporting practices amid
structural changes seen across health, science, and
technology journalism over the past two decades.
Existing research has already shown how financial
pressures have both encouraged organisations to cut
back specialty desks and undercut financial resources
needed to complete in-depth and/or investigative
articles (Schäfer, 2017). In response, many outlets have
come to rely heavily on press releases for day-to-day
science and technology news stories (Brennen, 2018;
Lynch et al., 2014), a trend seen across our corpus as
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well. While academic and government organisations
now regularly produce and distribute press releases,
industry has something of a leg up. For many industry
events or releases, there are often not only press
releases, but entire media campaigns. For example,
when IBM held its ‘debate’ between an AI system and
two professional (human) debaters, the company
not only brought together journalists and project
researchers, it also flew out experts not involved in
the project to serve as ‘independent’ sources for news
stories (Anon, personal communication, 24 Oct. 2018).
The director of research at IBM, Arvind Krishna, also
published a blog post about the event in which he
opined broadly on the contribution IBM had made.
While the event itself was meant to generate media
coverage, in providing journalists with story formats,
narratives,sources,andquotes,IBMofferedjournalists
all the materials necessary for easy-to-write stories.
Finally, our analysis also reveals the beginnings of
a politicisation or polarisation in the way that AI
is covered. Rather than sides of a single issue, this
politicisation concerns the topics that different
outlets see as constituting artificial intelligence
itself. Even so, it is important not to overstate
this incipient politicisation. All six outlets cover a
range of topics, and, as shown above, there remain
notable similarities in the ways they cover AI. The
key difference lies in the topics outlets choose to
emphasise. We have shown how right-leaning outlets
considerAIthroughquestionsofeconomics,business,
and national security – topics long prioritised by the
Conservative party. Similarly, left-leaning outlets
emphasise questions of ethics, discrimination, and
privacy – reading AI through long standing concerns
over labour relations and social justice. This growing
politicisation is at least partly a function of the UK’s
politically divided news landscape (Newman et al.,
2018) in which outlets have long held strong political
affiliations or sympathies. When faced with a new
and complicated topic, some outlets seem to be
considering AI through existing political issues and
frames. While these approaches might help outlets
order and make sense of this emerging technology,
they can also exacerbate a more general fracturing
of public conversation. In a much larger sense,
these findings reveal that rather than a single public
conversation, there are many distinct discussions
occurring around artificial intelligence. Beyond
political fracturing, some people think AI will help us.
Others think it will kill us. While a diverse landscape
of conversation is, arguably, productive, these
different discussions are rarely connected in news
coverage. Ultimately, is not only that different outlets
emphasise different topics when discussing AI; it is
that those outlets define in different ways what AI is
as a public issue.
This fracturing in the topics that define AI is further
demonstrated by a handful of articles in the Guardian
that argue that there are dangers in outlets focusing
on the wrong topics. These pieces observe that media
have focused far more on the sensational but unlikely
existential threats of AI and so have failed to address
the far more real and pressing dangers or issues.
Beyond the charge of sensationalism, this claim relies
on an assumption that there is a limited attention
economy such that as articles discuss the possibility of
AI taking over the world, they are unable to participate
in a more grounded and useful conversation. This is,
ultimately, a disagreement over what topics should
give shape to AI as a public issue.
Conclusions
News coverage provides an important basis for
public discussion of AI, and as the issues surrounding
these technologies grow more important, it is worth
considering how journalistic treatment might evolve.
First, our finding that industry sources dominate
coverage suggests the importance of including a wider
rangeofvoicesindiscussionsofAI.Academics,activists,
politicians, civilians, and civil servants, amongst
others, can all contribute to a rich and sophisticated
public debate around AI. It is not only important that
journalists seek out diverse voices, but also that they
actively join the discussion of these issues of common
concern to complement perspectives coming out of
industry and the private sector.
Second, precisely because AI is likely to have extensive
and profound implications across our societies, it is
important for news outlets to explicitly recognise the
legitimately different political interpretations of what
AI is and ought to be. As part of an effort to cover the
society-wide implications and diverse possibilities of
AI, outlets could also prioritise more collaboration
across news desks. As AI develops as a public issue,
it is necessary to interrogate its relation to many
other realms beyond technology, including politics,
economics, and health. Collaborations between
journalists on different beats could help outlets
producemoresophisticatedarticlesaboutAI,allowing
journalists to bring together their varied expertise and
source contacts.
Ultimately, these recommendations suggest that
outlets should avoid uncritically considering AI on the
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basis of industry sources. Outlets have largely done
a good job at showing both the potential benefits
and dangers of AI. However, some have struggled
to show the strengths and the weaknesses of AI as
applied across sectors or to position AI as a fully public
problem, one that requires a diversity of voices to
address. While AI can do some things impressively
well, it is not a solution to every problem. Similarly,
despitewhatElonMusk,StephenHawking,orVladimir
Putin say, the wider public implications of AI remain
unclear. While media should explore in detail the
promise and pitfalls of AI, they would be well served to
treat it less as a world-shaking revolution and more as
a set of technologies in the process of being designed,
a set of choices in the process of being made, and a set
of problems in the process of being collectively solved.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Lucas Graves and
Liliana Bounegru for their help and guidance during
the course of this research, as well as the rest of
research team at the Reuters Institute for the Study of
Journalism and the Computation Propaganda Project
at the Oxford Internet Institute.
About the authors
J. Scott Brennen is a Research Fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism and the Oxford Internet Institute at the
University of Oxford.
Philip N. Howard is the Director of the Oxford Internet Institute and a Professor of Sociology, Information and International Affairs.
Rasmus Kleis Nielsen is the Director of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism and Professor of Political Communication at
the University of Oxford.
Published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism as part of the Oxford Martin Programme on
Misinformation, Science and Media, a three-year research collaboration between the Reuters Institute, the
Oxford Internet Institute, and the Oxford Martin School.