The document discusses plant reproduction through meiosis and fertilization, mitosis, and vegetative propagation. It begins by explaining that flowering plants bear reproductive organs that undergo meiosis. It then describes the basic parts of flowers including sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. The next sections provide more detail on the process of plant reproduction from pollen and ovule development through double fertilization and seed formation.

5. Meiosis
+
Fertilization
Mitosis
+
Vegetative
Propagation

7. ‫هي‬‫ر‬‫محو‬‫النباتات‬ ‫في‬‫التكاثر‬‫أعضاء‬ ‫يحمل‬‫الزهرية‬,‫من‬‫وهي‬
‫نمو‬ ‫ذات‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫متحو‬‫ساق‬ ‫فولوجية‬‫ر‬‫املو‬‫الناحية‬‫محدود‬,‫السالميات‬
‫بعضها‬ ‫بت‬‫ر‬‫تقا‬ ‫اق‬‫ر‬‫واألو‬ ‫قصيرة‬‫أصبحت‬‫ا‬‫لبعض‬‫وظيفت‬‫ت‬‫ر‬‫وتحو‬‫ألداء‬‫ها‬
‫ي‬ ‫الجنس‬‫التكاثر‬‫وهي‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫وظيفة‬.

8. ‫الزهري‬ ‫املحيطات‬‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫غير‬ ‫ملحيطات‬
‫األساسية‬
‫التويج‬
‫البتالت‬
‫الكأس‬
‫السبالت‬
‫املحيطات‬
‫األساسية‬
‫املتاع‬
‫الكرابل‬
‫الطلع‬
‫األسدية‬

9. 9
‫ـداة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫س‬
‫ـك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫م‬
‫ـط‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫خ‬
‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫كرب‬
‫ـم‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫س‬‫مي‬
‫ـم‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ق‬
‫ـض‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫مب‬
‫بويضة‬
‫ـلة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ب‬
‫ـت‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫خت‬
‫ـلة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ب‬‫س‬ ‫طلع‬=‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫األسد‬‫كل‬
‫متاع‬ =‫ابل‬‫ر‬‫الك‬ ‫كل‬
‫تويج‬ = ‫البتالت‬‫كل‬
‫كأس‬ = ‫السبالت‬‫كل‬
‫التذكير‬ ‫أعضاء‬ ‫التأنيث‬ ‫أعضاء‬

10. 10
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Carpel
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
Petal
Receptacle
Sepal all stamens = Androecium
all carpels = Gynoecium
all petals = Corolla
all sepals = Calyx
Male structure Female structure

11.  Comprises of
sepals
(typically green)
Leaf-like.
 Function:
Protect the
flower when it
was still young.
sepal

12. Calyx with free sepals
Calyx with connate (united) sepals:
Rosa spp.
Calyx tube
Calyx lobes
Silene spp.
Fabaceae flower

13.  Comprises of the
petals
 Have various
shapes, sizes,
and colors
 Function:
protection,
attraction

14. Corolla with free petals Corolla with connate (united) petals
Corolla tube
Corolla lobesPapaver spp.
Ranunculus spp.
Campanula spp.
Digitalis spp.

16. The male
reproductive organ
Composed of two
parts:
Anther
Filament

17.  Expanded
lobular
structure at
the end of the
filament
 Function:
Produces
pollen (male
sex cell)

18.  Function:
Stalk that
supports
and holds
the anther

19. The female
reproductive organ
Collectively called
gynoecium
Composed of three
parts:
Stigma
Style
Ovary

20.  Function:
Covered by
sticky
substance
for pollen
grains.
stigma
Pollen
grains

21.  Function:
Long, slender
tube that
connects the
stigma to the
ovary
 Acts as a
conveyor
(carrier from
one place to
another) of
pollen grains
style

22.  Enlarged
basal
portion of
the pistil
 Function:
Houses the
ovule
 The ovule
houses the
egg cell

26. Microspore
mother cell
pollen sacs
microspores
anther
sperm cells
stigma
mature
pollen
grain Immature
pollen grain
generative cell
tube cell
nucleus
Microspore
mother cells develop
within the pollen
sacs of the anther
of a flower
1
Meiotic cell division
produces four haploid
microspores
2
Each microspore
produces an
immature male
gametophyte (a
pollen grain) by
mitotic cell division
3
MEIOTIC CELL
DIVISION
The generative
cell produces two
sperm cells by mitotic
cell division; the male
gametophyte is now
mature
4
3
4
haploid (n)
diploid (2n)

27. A megaspore mother cell
develops within each ovule
of the ovaries of a flower
1
Cytoplasmic division
produces the seven cells of the
mature female gametophyte
4
Meiotic
cell division
produces four
haploid
megaspores;
three
degenerate
2
The single remaining
megaspore forms eight
nuclei by mitosis
3
MEIOTIC CELL
DIVISION
ovule megaspore mother cell
integuments
megaspores
central
cell with
two nucleifemale
gametophyte
haploid (n)
diploid (2n)
egg cell
ovary

28. Seedling
Seed
Ovule formation
MeiosisMeiosis
Diploid Stage
Development
of embryo sac
Double Fertilization
Haploid Stage
Pollen
development
Pollination
Flower

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