This document discusses pollination, which is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. Pollen grains require an external agent like wind, water, or animals to reach the stigma. There are two main types of pollination: self-pollination, which occurs within the same flower, and cross-pollination, which occurs between different flowers. The shape and form of pollen is related to its method of pollination. Flowers can be complete or incomplete, perfect or imperfect, depending on the presence of floral organs. Imperfect flowers lack some organs and can be staminate or pistillate. Flowers have evolved various methods and adaptations to attract different pol
this topic objectives are: differentiate self- pollination and cross pollination,draw self-pollination in plants and appreciate the importance of insects in pollination.
Pollination is very important. It leads to the creation of new seeds that grow into new plants. All plants do not have flowers. Some might have small or large flowers. The pollination process varies from plant to plant depending on the kind of flowers. Different pollinators feed on different plants and therefore pollinate different plants. Some common pollinators are bees, butterflies, birds, and moths. there are flowers which get pollinated by elephants.
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
this topic objectives are: differentiate self- pollination and cross pollination,draw self-pollination in plants and appreciate the importance of insects in pollination.
Pollination is very important. It leads to the creation of new seeds that grow into new plants. All plants do not have flowers. Some might have small or large flowers. The pollination process varies from plant to plant depending on the kind of flowers. Different pollinators feed on different plants and therefore pollinate different plants. Some common pollinators are bees, butterflies, birds, and moths. there are flowers which get pollinated by elephants.
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Pollination, transfer of pollen grains from the stamens, the flower parts that produce them, to the ovule-bearing organs or to the ovules (seed precursors) themselves. In plants such as conifers and cycads, in which the ovules are exposed, the pollen is simply caught in a drop of fluid secreted by the ovule. In flowering plants, however, the ovules are contained within a hollow organ called the pistil, and the pollen is deposited on the pistil’s receptive surface, the stigma. There the pollen germinates and gives rise to a pollen tube, which grows down through the pistil toward one of the ovules in its base. In an act of double fertilization, one of the two sperm cells within the pollen tube fuses with the egg cell of the ovule, making possible the development of an embryo, and the other cell combines with the two subsidiary sexual nuclei of the ovule, which initiates formation of a reserve food tissue, the endosperm. The growing ovule then transforms itself into a seed.
What is pollination? What are pollinators important? This brochure provides tips for helping pollinators - they are responsible for assisting over 80% of the world's flowering plants!
Sexual and Asexual reproduction in plants with pollination and development of gametophytes and double fertilization with embryo and endosperm formation.
Presentation Includes very important topics related to Pollination and Double Fertilization in Flowering Plants (Angiosperms). The presentatio will be important for Class XII and X students as well many questions can be asked from the presentation.
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Breeding 2تربية نباتات الزينة - الفرقة الرابعة - عملي - الجزء الثاني
1.
2.
3.
4. Definition:
The transfer of pollen grains from the antherto the stigma
of a flower.
Pollen grains are immobile.They
cannot reach the stigma by themselves.
An external agent is required for this.It
can be wind, water, animal, gravity or
growth contact.
6. The shape and form of pollen is related to its method
of pollination..
7.
8. • Complete
–all floral organs present (sepals, petals, stamens,
pistil)
• Incomplete
–flower lacks 1 or more of the4 organs
9. • Perfect
has both stamen (maleorgans) and pistil (femaleorgan)
• Imperfect:having only one type of organ
–Staminate:male organ present
–Pistillate:female organ present
14. Staminate flowers (left) and carpellate flowers (right)
of a dioecious species
(a)
(b) Thrum and pin flowers
Stamens
StamensStyles
Styles
15. Methods to ensure cross pollination
• Anthers and stigmas mature at
different times in a bisexual flower so
as to prevent self pollination.
16. Methods to ensure cross pollination
- ProtandryAnthers mature
earlier than stigma of the same
flower. Their pollen grains become
available to stigmas of the older
flowers, e.g., Sunflower, Salvia,
- Protogyny
Stigmas mature earlier so that they
get pollinated before the anthers of
the same flower develop pollen
grains, e.g., Mirabilis jalapa (Four
O'clock), Gloriosa, Plantago.
19. • Since flowers can't move, they need to be able to attract
pollinators or be built so that wind is able to pollinate them.
Pollinators
Wind
insects
Bees
Butterflies & moths
Birds
Animals(Bats, Rats,….)
• Flowers attract pollinators with sweet nectar, bright colors, and
shapes and structures.
• Some flowers open at special times to attract pollinators such
as night blooming plants that are pollinated by bats.
20. Image 1. Bee rubbing its hairy body against the filaments.
Image 2. Bee carrying thousands of pollen grains on its hairs.
27. Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated
small petals, often brown or
dull green
large, brightly coloured
petals
no scent often sweetly scented
no nectar usually contain nectar
pollen produced in great
quantities
moderate quantity of pollen
pollen very light and smooth pollen often sticky or spiky
anthers loosely attached
and dangle out
anthers firm and inside
flower
stigma hangs outside the
flower stigma inside the flower
