Hydrotherapy for physical therapy (lecture)Shahab Shah
This Lecture is Specially designed for Physical therapy students and as well as for general public.
In which general properties of water, temperature and specific exercises are presented.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive intervention based on a thorough patient assessment followed by patient tailored therapies that include, but are not limited to, exercise training, education, and behavior change, designed to improve the physical and psychological condition of people with chronic respiratory disease and to promote the long-term adherence to health-enhancing behaviors”
this PPT contains all the detailed information about walking aids including types, measurements, advantages & disadvantages, gait training with specific aid, etc.
CHEST MOBILIZATION EXERCISES, COUNTER-ROTATION TECHNIQUE, BUTTERFLY TECHNIQUE, BREATH CONTROL DURING WALKING. These Mobilization Techniques are useful to improve Chest Wall Mobility and Expansion in Patients with Restricted Chest wall movements and also Postoperative patients
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
The process that moves air in and out of the lungs called breathing or pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Breathing exercise enhance the respiratory system.
Improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Hydrotherapy for physical therapy (lecture)Shahab Shah
This Lecture is Specially designed for Physical therapy students and as well as for general public.
In which general properties of water, temperature and specific exercises are presented.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive intervention based on a thorough patient assessment followed by patient tailored therapies that include, but are not limited to, exercise training, education, and behavior change, designed to improve the physical and psychological condition of people with chronic respiratory disease and to promote the long-term adherence to health-enhancing behaviors”
this PPT contains all the detailed information about walking aids including types, measurements, advantages & disadvantages, gait training with specific aid, etc.
CHEST MOBILIZATION EXERCISES, COUNTER-ROTATION TECHNIQUE, BUTTERFLY TECHNIQUE, BREATH CONTROL DURING WALKING. These Mobilization Techniques are useful to improve Chest Wall Mobility and Expansion in Patients with Restricted Chest wall movements and also Postoperative patients
Co-ordination Exercise,Definitions,Nervous control,Motor pathway,Cerebral cortex,Kinesthetic sensation,Causes of Incoordination,Flaccidity
Spasticity ,Cerebellar ataxia,Loss of kinesthetic sensation,Types of coordination,Posterior column,Test for Incoordination.
The process that moves air in and out of the lungs called breathing or pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Breathing exercise enhance the respiratory system.
Improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
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This presentation summarizes all breathing exercises used to rehabilitate a cardiopulmonary patient both inside and outside of a healthcare setup. It provides with the proper technique of the various exercises and conditions in which they are indicated.
Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared from your lungs by coughing or huffing. Clearing the airways may help decrease lung infections and improve lung function.
Breathing exercise are indicated in any pathological state, which cauuse the patient to use his muscles of respiration insufficiently resulting in an impotent of pulmonary function. Generally any patient with an abdominal pattern of breathing or increased work of breathing. Breathing exercise are form of exercise that can be used for a variety of health related reasons. improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and contribute to anxiety, panic attacks, fatigue, and other physical and emotion disturbance. diaphragmatic breathing is a type of breathing
This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
this ppt contains everything about evaluation in antenatal period by a physiotherapist for proper prescription of exercises. also it has details of contraindications & generalised guidelines for exercises in antenatal period.
this ppt is about therapeutic massage by physiotherapist. includes details like indications, contraindications, effects, preparation of patient & therapist & classification of manipulations.
this PPT contain detailed kinetics & kinematics of ankle joint & all joints of foot complex, muscles of ankle & foot complex, plantar arches & weight distribution during standing.
This PPT contains a detailed explanation about resisted exercises, different types of exercise, indications & contraindications, manual & mechanical techniques.
THIS PPT CONTAINS DESCRIPTION ABOUT HISTORY TAKING IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASES, EXPLAINED IN DETAILS ABOUT ALL SYMPTOMS & ITS DETAILED HISTORY.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
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- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
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- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. The process that moves air in and out of
the lungs called breathing or pulmonary
ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes
that deliver oxygen to where it is needed
in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
3. ORGANS THAT INVOLVED IN
BREATHING
Nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Muscles along with diaphragm
4. NOSE
The beginning of the respiratory tract.
Function :-
Warm
Moisten
Filter fine particles
5. TRACHEA
Tube like structure.
Function :-
Responsible for transporting air for respiration from the
larynx to the bronchi.
6. DIAPHRAGM
Is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle.
It separates the thoracic cavity containing
heart & lungs , from the abdominal cavity
7. LUNGS
The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs
located on either side of the chest (thorax).
8.
9. BREATHING PROCESS
Breathing starts at the nose. You inhale air into your nose, and
it travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe
or trachea.
Trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes.
Bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divided into
smaller air passages called bronchioles or bronchial tree.
The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli.
The body has over 300 million alveoli.
The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels
called capillaries.
Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli
walls and into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out of the
blood into the air in the alveoli.
10.
11. MUSCLES OF INSPIRATION
Diaphragm (primary m/s of inhale)
Scalene (elevates 1st two ribs)
Sternocleidomastoid (elevates sternum)
Serratus anterior( supporting m/s)
External intercostal( moves upward and
outward)
MUSCLES OF EXPIRATION
External oblique
Rectoabdominal
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominal
13. Breathing ex and ventilatory training are the
fundamental interventions for the prevention for
acute and chronic pulmonary disease patients
with high spinal cord lesion and who underwent
thoracic and abdominal surgery and bedridden
patients.
Studies indicate that breathing exercise and
ventilatory training have affect and alter a
patients rate and depth of ventilation ,so these
technique is used to improve the pulmonary
status and increase patients overall endurance.
14. GOALS OF BREATHING EXERCISE
Improve ventilation
Increase the effectiveness of cough and promote
airway clearance
To prevent post operative pulmonary
complications
To improve the strength endurance coordination
of the muscles of ventilation
Maintain and improve chest and thoracic spine
mobility
Promote relaxation and relive stress
To teach the patient how to deal with episodes of
dyspnea
15. Cont…
Assisting in removal of secretions.
Correct abnormal breathing patterns and decrease
the work of breathing.
Aid in bronchial hygiene---Prevent accumulation of
pulmonary secretions, mobilization of these
secretions, and improve the cough mechanism.
16. Principles
Area of exercises
Explanation & Instructions to the patient
Patients position
Evaluate the patient
Demonstration of exercise
Patient practice
17. GUIDELINE FOR TEACHING
BREATHING EXERCISES
Choose a quiet area-to get a proper interaction with
minimal distraction
Explain the patient about the aim and how it works
for his impairment
Have the pat: in relaxed position and loosen the
clothes, make him in semi-fowlers position with head
and trunk elevated approx: 45˚ (total support to the
head and trunk and flexing the hip and knees with
pillow support) the abdominal muscle become
relaxed.
Other positions, such as supine, sitting, or standing,
may be used as the patient progresses during
treatment.
18. Observe and access the patients spontaneous
breathing pattern while at rest and during activity
Determine whether Rx is indicated or not
If necessary teach the patient relaxation techniques,
relax the muscles of upper thorax neck and shoulder
to minimize the use of accessory muscle work.
Special attention on sternocleidomastoids, upper
trapezius and levator scapulae.
Demonstrate the breathing pattern to the patient
Have the patient practice the correct technique in
verity of positions at rest and with activity.
19. PRECUATIONS
Never allow the patient to force expiration-it may
increase the turbulence in the air way which leads to
bronchospasm and airway resistance.
Avoid prolonged expiration-it cause the patient to
gasp with the next inspiration and the breathing
pattern become irregular and inefficient.
Do not allow the patient to initiate inspiration with
accessory muscles and upper chest ,advise him that
upper chest should be quiet during breathing
Allow the patient to perform deep breathing only for
3-4 times (inspiration and expirations) to avoid
Hyperventilation.
20. INDICATIONS
Cystic fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Atelectasis
Lung abscess
Pneumonias
Acute lung disease
For patients with a
high spinal cord
lesion/ spinal cord
injury, myopathies etc.
COPD –emphysema,
chronic bronchitis
After surgeries (thoracic
or abdominal surgery)
For patients who must
remain in bed for an
extended period of
time.(obstruction due to
retained secretions)
As relaxation procedure.
21. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Severe pain and discomfort
Acute medical or surgical emergency
Patients with reduced conscious level
Increased ICP
Unstable head or neck injury
Active hemorrhage with hemodynamic instability or
hemoptysis
Flail chest
Uncontrolled hypertension
22. Anticoagulation
Rib or vertebral fractures or osteoporosis
Acute asthma or tuberculosis
Patients who have recently experienced a heart
attack.
Patients with skin grafts or spinal fusions will have
undue stress placed on areas of repair.
Bony metastases, brittle bones, bronchial
hemorrhage, and emphysema are contraindications
for undue stress to the thoracic area.
Verify that patient has not eaten for at least one hour.
Recent (within one hour) meal or tube feed
Untreated pneumothorax
23. TYPES OF BREATHING EXERCISES
Diaphragmatic breathing
Glossophryngeal breathing
Pursed lip breathing
Segmental breathing(costal expansion
exercise)
a) Apical breathing
b) Lateral costal expansion
c) Posterior basal expansion
24. DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
Diaphragm is the primary muscle for
breathing (inspiration)
Diaphragm controls breathing at an
involuntary level ,a patient with primary
pulmonary disease like COPD can be
taught breathing control by optimal use of
diaphragm and relaxation of accessory
muscles.
Diaphragmatic breathing ex: are also use
to mobilize lung secretion in PD.
25. PROCEDURE
Prepare the patient in relaxed and comfortable
position in which the gravity assist the
diaphragm such as semifowlers position.
If you notice any accessory muscle activation
stop him and do relaxation techniques (shoulder
roll or shrugs coupled with relaxation)
Place your hands over the rectus abdominis just
below the ant: costal margin ask the patient to
breath slowly and deeply via nose by keeping the
shoulder relaxed and upper chest quiet allowing
the abdominal to rise now ask him to slowly let
all the air out using controlled expiration
through mouth.
26. Have him to practice this for 2-4 times if he finds any
difficulty in using diaphragm have the patient inhale
several times in succession through the nose by using
sniffing action this facilitates the diaphragm
For self monitor have the patients hand over the ant
costal margin and feel the movt: (hand rise and fall)
by placing one hand over abdomen he can also feel the
contraction of abdominal muscles which occurs with
controlled expiration or coughing
After he understands and able to do the controlled
breathing using a diaphragmatic pattern keep the
shoulder relaxed and practice in verity of positions
(supine sitting standing) and during activity (walking
and climbing stair).
27.
28. Resisted diaphragmatic breathing
PT use small weight, such as sandbag to strengthen
and improve the endurance of the diaphragm
Have the patient in a head up position
Place a small weight (1.30- 2.20 kg or 3-5 lb) over the
epigastric region of his abdomen.
Tell the patient to breath in deeply while trying to
keep the upper chest quiet
Gradually increase the time that the patient breaths
against the resistance of weight
Weight can be increased when he can sustain
diaphragmatic breathing pattern with out the use of
any accessory muscles of inspiration for 15minuts.
29. Glossopharyngeal breathing
It is a means of increasing a patients inspiratory capacity
when there is a severe weakness of the muscle of
inspiration
It is taught to patients who have difficulty in deep
breathing.
It is used primarily for ventilatory dependent patients
due to absent or incomplete innervation of diaphragm
because of high cervical cord injury or neuromuscular
disorders.
Glossopharyngeal breathing with inspiratory action of
neck muscles can reduce ventilatory dependence or can
be used as an emergency procedure for malfunctioning
of ventilator.
30. PROCEDURE
Patient take several gulp of air (6 to 10), then by closing the
mouth the tongue pushes the air back and trap it in the pharynx
the air is then forced to lungs when the glottis is opened.
This increases the depth of inspiration & patient’s inspiratory &
vital capacity.
31. PURSED LIP BREATHING
Pursed-lip breathing is a strategy that involves
lightly pursing the lips together during controlled
exhalation.
Taught to patients with COPD to deal with episodes
of dyspnea.
It helps to Improves ventilation and Releases
trapped air in the lungs.
Keeps the airways open longer and Prolonged
exhalation slows the breathing rate.
It moves old air out of the lungs and allow new air to
enter the lungs.
32. PROCEDURE
Patient in a comfortable position and relaxed, explain the
patent about the expiration phase (it should be relaxed and
passive).
Abdominal muscle contraction must be avoided (therapist hand
over the patients abdominal to check for contraction).
Ask the patient to breathe in slowly and deeply through the
nose and then breathe out gently through lightly pursed lips
(blowing on and bending the flame of a candle ).
By providing slight resistance an increased positive pressure
will generate with in the airway which helps to keep open small
bronchioles that otherwise collapse.
It can be applied as a 3-5 minutes “rescue exercise” or an
Emergency Procedure to counteract acute exacerbations or
dyspnea (shortage of air or breathlessness) in COPD and
asthma.
33. SEGMENTAL BREATHING
It is performed on a segment of lung, or a section of
chest wall that needs increased ventilation or
movement.
Hypoventilation occur in certain areas of the lungs
because of chest wall fibrosis, pain after surgery,
atelectasis , trauma to chest wall, pneumonia and
post mastectomy scar
Therefore, it will be important to emphasize
expansion of such areas of the lungs and chest wall
34. ADVANTAGES OF SEGMENTAL BREATHING
Prevent accumulation of pleural fluid and secretions
Decreases paradoxical breathing
Decrease panic episode
Improve chest mobility
35. Techniques
Lateral costal expansion
Posterior basal expansion
Right middle lobe or lingula expansion
Apical expansion
36. Lateral costal expansion
This is sometimes called lateral basal expansion and may
be done unilaterally or bilaterally.
The patient may be sitting or in a hook lying position.
Place your hands along the lateral aspect of the lower
ribs.
Ask the patient to breathe out, and feel the rib cage move
downward and inward.
As the patient breathes out, place firm downward
pressure into the ribs with the palms of your hands.
Just prior to inspiration, apply a quick downward and
inward stretch to the chest. This places a quick stretch
on the external intercostals to facilitate their contraction.
These muscles move the ribs outward and upward
during inspiration.
37. Apply light manual resistance to the lower ribs to
increase sensory awareness as the patient breathes in
deeply and the chest expands.
When the patient breathes out, assist by gently
squeezing the rib cage in a downward and inward
direction.
The patient may then taught to perform the
maneuver independently, ask him to apply resistance
with his hand or with a towel.
38.
39. BELT EXERCISES TO REINFORCE LATERAL COSTAL
BREATHING
(A) by applying resistance during inspiration
(B) by assisting with pressure along the rib cage during expiration.
40. Posterior basal expansion
This form of segmental breathing is important for
the post surgical patients who is in bed in a semi-
reclining position for an extended period of time.
Secretion often accumulate over the posterior
segments of lower lobes.
Procedure
Have the patient sit and lean forward on a pillow,
slightly bending the hips.
Place the PT hand over the posterior aspect of the
lower rib and do the same procedure in lateral costal
expansion.
41. Right middle lobe or lingula expansion
While the patient in sitting place your hand at either
the right or left side of the patient’s chest just below
the axilla, and follow the same procedure in lateral
costal expansion.