This presentation summarizes all breathing exercises used to rehabilitate a cardiopulmonary patient both inside and outside of a healthcare setup. It provides with the proper technique of the various exercises and conditions in which they are indicated.
CHEST MOBILIZATION EXERCISES, COUNTER-ROTATION TECHNIQUE, BUTTERFLY TECHNIQUE, BREATH CONTROL DURING WALKING. These Mobilization Techniques are useful to improve Chest Wall Mobility and Expansion in Patients with Restricted Chest wall movements and also Postoperative patients
This presentation summarizes all breathing exercises used to rehabilitate a cardiopulmonary patient both inside and outside of a healthcare setup. It provides with the proper technique of the various exercises and conditions in which they are indicated.
CHEST MOBILIZATION EXERCISES, COUNTER-ROTATION TECHNIQUE, BUTTERFLY TECHNIQUE, BREATH CONTROL DURING WALKING. These Mobilization Techniques are useful to improve Chest Wall Mobility and Expansion in Patients with Restricted Chest wall movements and also Postoperative patients
Breathing exercise are indicated in any pathological state, which cauuse the patient to use his muscles of respiration insufficiently resulting in an impotent of pulmonary function. Generally any patient with an abdominal pattern of breathing or increased work of breathing. Breathing exercise are form of exercise that can be used for a variety of health related reasons. improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and contribute to anxiety, panic attacks, fatigue, and other physical and emotion disturbance. diaphragmatic breathing is a type of breathing
Inspiratory Muscle Training or Respiratory Muscle Training or Ventilatory Muscle Training. IMT is the physiotherapy technique, with the help of different breathing exercises.
in this topic the technique of chest physiotherapy, indications, contradications of chest physiotherapy are explained. different positions used in postural drainage are briefed.
This presentation is about positions used in postural drainage in various pulmonary disorders associated with prolonged bed rest, TBI, SCI, Covid 19, etc. This is only for education only.
The process that moves air in and out of the lungs called breathing or pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Breathing exercise enhance the respiratory system.
Improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Breathing exercise are indicated in any pathological state, which cauuse the patient to use his muscles of respiration insufficiently resulting in an impotent of pulmonary function. Generally any patient with an abdominal pattern of breathing or increased work of breathing. Breathing exercise are form of exercise that can be used for a variety of health related reasons. improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and contribute to anxiety, panic attacks, fatigue, and other physical and emotion disturbance. diaphragmatic breathing is a type of breathing
Inspiratory Muscle Training or Respiratory Muscle Training or Ventilatory Muscle Training. IMT is the physiotherapy technique, with the help of different breathing exercises.
in this topic the technique of chest physiotherapy, indications, contradications of chest physiotherapy are explained. different positions used in postural drainage are briefed.
This presentation is about positions used in postural drainage in various pulmonary disorders associated with prolonged bed rest, TBI, SCI, Covid 19, etc. This is only for education only.
The process that moves air in and out of the lungs called breathing or pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Breathing exercise enhance the respiratory system.
Improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
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The goal in patients with primary lung disease is to teach them to relax the neck and chest accessory muscles and use more diaphragmatic breathing to reduce the work of breathing.
Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared from your lungs by coughing or huffing. Clearing the airways may help decrease lung infections and improve lung function.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
5. BREATHING EXERCISES
Breathing exercises also called ventilatory training are the
fundamental interventions for acute and chronic pulmonary disease
patients,also for it’s prevention and can be performed by those who
underwent thoracic surgery and bedridden patients.
Studies indicate that breathing exercise and ventilatory training have
great effect and alteration in a patient’s rate and depth of
ventilation,so this is the reason why,these techniques are used to
improve the pulmonary status and increase patient’s overall
endurance.
6. GOALS OF BREATHING EXERCISE
Improve ventilaton
Increase the effectiveness of cough and promote airway clearance
To prevent post operative pulmonary complications
To improve the strength endurance coordination of the muscles of ventilation
Maintain and improve chest and thoracic spine mobilty
Promote relaxation and relieve stress
To teach the patient how to deal with episodes of dyspnea
Correct abnormal breathing patterns and decrease the work of breathing
Aid in bronchial hygiene-prevent accumulation of pulmonary secretions,mobilization
of these secretions and improve the cough mechanism
7. GUIDELINES FORTEACHING
BREATHING EXERCISES
1. Choose a quiet area-to get a proper interaction with minimal distraction
2. Explain the patient about the Aim and how it works for his impairment
3. Have the patient in relaxed position and loosen the cloths,position them in semi-fowlers with
head and trunk elevated approx:45c (total support to the head and trunk and flexing the hip
and knees with pillow support)
4. Other positions, such as supine,sitting or standing,may be used as the patient progresses
during treatment
5. Observe and access the patients spontaneous breathing while at rest during activity
6. Determine whether prescription is indicated or not
7. If necessary teach the patient relaxation techniques,relax the muscles of upper thorax neck
and shoulder to minimize the use of accessory muscle work
8. Demonstrate the breathing pattern to the patient
9. Have the patient practice the correct technique
10. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Severe pain and discomfort
Acute medical or surgical emergencies
Patients with reduced conscious level
Increased ICP(intra cranial pressure)
Unstable head or neck injury
Active haemorrhage with
haemodynamic instability or
hemoptysis
Flail chest,Rib or vertebral fractures
Uncontrolled hypertension
Anticoagulation
Patients who recently experienced
heart attack
Patients with skin grafts or spinal
fusions will have undue stress placed on
areas of repair
Brittle bone
Verify that patient has not eaten for at
least one hour (same with tube feed)
Untreated pneumothorax
12. 1.DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING OR DEEP BREATHING is breathing
that is done by contracting the diaphragm,a muscle located
horizontally between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.
Air enters the lungs,the chest does not rise and the belly
expands during this type of breathing
Mainly performed for COPD patient, others v.i.z ;improvement of
pulmonary function,cardio respiratory function,respiratory muscle
strength
13. PROCEDURE
1) Prepare the patient in relaxed and comfortable position in
which the gravity assist the diaphragm such as semi
fowlers position.
2) If you notice any accessory muscle activation stop him
and instruct to do relaxation techniques (shoulder roll or
shrugs coupled with relaxation)
3) Place your hands over the rectus abdominis just below
the anterior costal margin ask the patient to breath slowly
and deeply via nose by keeping the shoulder relaxed and
upper chest quiet, allowing the abdomen to rise, now ask
him to slowly let all the air out using controlled expiration
through mouth.
14. CONT..
4) Have him to practice this for 2-4 times if he finds any difficulty in
using diaphragm have the patient inhale several times in succession
through the nose by using sniffing action this facilitates the diaphragm
5) For self monitor have the patients hand over the anterior costal
margin and feel the movement: (hand rise and fall) by placing one
hand over abdomen he can also feel the contraction of abdominal
muscles which occurs with controlled expiration or coughing
6) After he understands and able to do the controlled breathing using
a diaphragmatic pattern keep the shoulder relaxed and practice in
different positions (supine,sitting and standing) and during activity
(walking and climbing stair).
15. RESISTED DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
1) Patient use small weight, such as sandbag to strengthen and
improve the endurance of the diaphragm
2) Have the patient in a head up position
3) Place a small weight (1.30 - 2.20 kg) over the epigastric region of
his abdomen.
4) Tell the patient to breath in deeply while trying to keep the upper
chest quiet
5) Gradually increase the time that the patient breaths against the
resistance of weight
6) Weight can be increased when he can sustain diaphragmatic
breathing pattern with out the use of any accessory muscles of
inspiration for 15minuts.
16. 2. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL BREATHING/
It is a means of increasing a patients inspiratory capacity when
there is a severe weakness of the muscle of inspiration
It is taught to patients who have difficulty in deep breathing.
It is used primarily for ventilatory dependent patients due to
absent or incomplete innervation of diaphragm because of
high cervical cord injury or neuromuscular disorders.
Glossopharyngeal breathing with inspiratory action of neck
muscles can reduce ventilatory dependence or can be used as
an emergency procedure for malfunctioning of ventilator.
17. PROCEDURE
Patient take several gulp of air (6 to 10 gulps),
then by closing the mouth ,the tongue pushes
the air back and trap it in the pharynx ,the air is
then forced to lungs when the glottis is opened.
This increases the depth of inspiration &
patient’s inspiratory & vital capacity.
18. 3. PURSED LIP BREATHING
Pursed-lip breathing is a strategy that involves lightly pursing the lips together
during controlled exhalation.
Taught to patients with COPD to deal with episodes of dyspnea.
It helps to Improves ventilation and Releases trapped air in the lungs.
Keeps the airways open longer and Prolonged exhalation slows the breathing
rate.
It moves old air out of the lungs and allow new air to enter the lungs.
19. PROCEDURE
1. Place the Patient in a comfortable position and relaxed, explain the
patent about the expiration phase (it should be relaxed and passive).
2. Abdominal muscle contraction must be avoided (therapist hand over
the patients abdomen to check for contraction).
3. Ask the patient to breathe in slowly and deeply through the nose
and then breathe out gently through lightly pursed lips (blowing on
and bending the flame of a candle ).
4. By providing slight resistance, an increased positive pressure will
generate within the airway which helps to keep open small
bronchioles that otherwise collapse.
5. It can be applied as a 3-5 minutes “rescue exercise” or an Emergency
Procedure to counteract acute problem or dyspnea (shortage of air
or breathlessness)also in COPD and asthma.
20. 4.SEGMENTAL BREATHING
It is performed on a segment of lung, or a section of chest wall
that needs increased ventilation or movement.
Hypoventilation occur in certain areas of the lungs because of
chest wall fibrosis, pain after surgery, atelectasis , trauma to
chest wall, pneumonia and post mastectomy scar
Therefore, it will be important to emphasize expansion of such
areas of the lungs and chest wall
21. ADVANTAGES OF SEGMENTAL BREATHING
Prevent accumulation of pleural fluid and secretions
Decreases paradoxical breathing
Decrease panic episode
Improve chest mobility
23. A. LATERAL COSTAL EXPANSION
This is sometimes called lateral basal expansion and may be done unilaterally or
bilaterally.
The patient may be sitting or in a hook lying position.
Place you hands along the lateral aspect of the lower ribs.
Ask the patient to breathe out, and feel the rib cage move downward and inward.
As the patient breathes out, place firm downward pressure into the ribs with the palms
of your hands.
Just prior to inspiration, apply a quick downward and inward stretch to the chest.This
places a quick stretch on the external intercostals to facilitate their contraction.These
muscles move the ribs outward and upward during inspiration.
Apply light manual resistance to the lower ribs to increase sensory awareness as the
patient breathes in deeply and the chest expands.
24. CONT..
When the patient breathes out, assist by gently squeezing the rib cage in a
downward and inward direction.
The patient may then can be taught to perform the procedure independently,
ask him to apply resistance with his hand or with a towel acting as like a belt.
25. B. POSTERIOR BASAL EXPANSION
This form of segmental breathing is important for the post surgical
patients who is in bed in a semi-reclining position for an extended
period of time.
Secretion often accumulate over the posterior segments of lower
lobes.
Procedure:
Have the patient sit and lean forward on a pillow, slightly bending the
hips.
Place the Patient hand over the posterior aspect of the lower rib and
do the same procedure as in lateral
26. C. RIGHT MIDDLE LOBE OR LINGULA EXPANSION
While the patient is sitting place your hand
at either the right or left side of the patient’s
chest just below the axilla, and follow the
same procedure in lateral costal expansion.
27. D. APICAL EXPANSION
Patient is in sitting position,applies
pressure (usually unilaterally) below the
clavicle with their finger tips,these pattern
is appropriate in an apical pneumothorax
after a lobectomy