The document discusses various airway clearance techniques including active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT), autogenic drainage, percussion, and vibration/shaking. ACBT uses breathing control, deep breathing exercises, and huffing to loosen and clear secretions from the lungs. Autogenic drainage uses different breathing patterns at low, middle, and high lung volumes to mobilize mucus. Percussion and vibration techniques involve manual chest compressions timed with breathing to enhance mucus clearance. These techniques aim to improve lung ventilation, cough effectiveness, and clear secretions from the airways.
This document discusses humidification and nebulization in respiratory therapy. It defines humidification as artificially conditioning gas used for patient respiration. The two main humidification methods are active, using heat/water, and passive, recycling heat/humidity from exhalation. Inadequate humidification can cause various clinical issues. Nebulization delivers drugs to the lungs through an aerosol. Different nebulizer types are described including jet, ultrasonic and mesh varieties. Ideal particle sizes for deposition in different lung regions are noted.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed in the 1960s/80s in Europe to clear secretions from the lungs using controlled breathing and minimal coughing. It involves three phases - unsticking secretions with small breaths, collecting secretions in the middle airways with medium breaths, and evacuating secretions into the mouth with deep breaths to be spit out. Each phase takes 2-3 minutes for a total of 6-9 minutes. The technique aims to hear and feel secretions being moved up the airways with exhalation instead of coughing.
This document discusses goals and techniques for chest mobilization. The goals are to maintain or improve mobility of the chest wall, trunk, and shoulders when affected by tightness or other issues. This can improve ventilation. Techniques described include stretching tight muscles while taking deep breaths, and leaning forward during expiration to push internal organs up against the diaphragm. Specific chest mobilization techniques involve movements like bending, lateral flexion, rotation, arm movements, and pulling the knees to the chest while breathing. Contraindications include rib fractures, bone cancer, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, hernias, severe pain, and unstable vital signs.
The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) uses three phases to loosen and clear airway secretions: breathing control to relax airways, thoracic expansion exercises to get air behind mucus, and huffing or forced expiratory techniques to force mucus out. It is effective for various respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. The technique involves deep breathing, held breaths, and controlled coughing or huffing in set cycles while maintaining proper posture. ACBT sessions typically last 10 minutes and are usually performed once or twice weekly but can be done more often if needed.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. AI is an area of computer science that includes general problem solving, natural language processing, reasoning, learning, and many other activities. The goal is to create machines that can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.
Rehabilitation of patient with pleural effusionAdemola Adeyemo
1) Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs, and can cause pleural effusions in about 30% of cases. Physiotherapy is an important part of managing patients with pleural effusions secondary to pulmonary embolism.
2) Physiotherapy includes techniques like incentive spirometry, chest physiotherapy, and exercises to improve cardiopulmonary function and endurance. Drainage of fluid from chest tubes is also facilitated.
3) As the patient's condition improves with physiotherapy, their ability to exercise intensifies and shortness of breath decreases, with the goal of restoring independence and fitness.
Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared from your lungs by coughing or huffing. Clearing the airways may help decrease lung infections and improve lung function.
This document discusses humidification and nebulization in respiratory therapy. It defines humidification as artificially conditioning gas used for patient respiration. The two main humidification methods are active, using heat/water, and passive, recycling heat/humidity from exhalation. Inadequate humidification can cause various clinical issues. Nebulization delivers drugs to the lungs through an aerosol. Different nebulizer types are described including jet, ultrasonic and mesh varieties. Ideal particle sizes for deposition in different lung regions are noted.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed in the 1960s/80s in Europe to clear secretions from the lungs using controlled breathing and minimal coughing. It involves three phases - unsticking secretions with small breaths, collecting secretions in the middle airways with medium breaths, and evacuating secretions into the mouth with deep breaths to be spit out. Each phase takes 2-3 minutes for a total of 6-9 minutes. The technique aims to hear and feel secretions being moved up the airways with exhalation instead of coughing.
This document discusses goals and techniques for chest mobilization. The goals are to maintain or improve mobility of the chest wall, trunk, and shoulders when affected by tightness or other issues. This can improve ventilation. Techniques described include stretching tight muscles while taking deep breaths, and leaning forward during expiration to push internal organs up against the diaphragm. Specific chest mobilization techniques involve movements like bending, lateral flexion, rotation, arm movements, and pulling the knees to the chest while breathing. Contraindications include rib fractures, bone cancer, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, hernias, severe pain, and unstable vital signs.
The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) uses three phases to loosen and clear airway secretions: breathing control to relax airways, thoracic expansion exercises to get air behind mucus, and huffing or forced expiratory techniques to force mucus out. It is effective for various respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. The technique involves deep breathing, held breaths, and controlled coughing or huffing in set cycles while maintaining proper posture. ACBT sessions typically last 10 minutes and are usually performed once or twice weekly but can be done more often if needed.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making. AI is an area of computer science that includes general problem solving, natural language processing, reasoning, learning, and many other activities. The goal is to create machines that can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.
Rehabilitation of patient with pleural effusionAdemola Adeyemo
1) Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs, and can cause pleural effusions in about 30% of cases. Physiotherapy is an important part of managing patients with pleural effusions secondary to pulmonary embolism.
2) Physiotherapy includes techniques like incentive spirometry, chest physiotherapy, and exercises to improve cardiopulmonary function and endurance. Drainage of fluid from chest tubes is also facilitated.
3) As the patient's condition improves with physiotherapy, their ability to exercise intensifies and shortness of breath decreases, with the goal of restoring independence and fitness.
Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared from your lungs by coughing or huffing. Clearing the airways may help decrease lung infections and improve lung function.
This document provides information on preoperative and postoperative physiotherapy assessment for pulmonary surgery patients. The preoperative assessment involves collecting subjective and objective information on the patient's medical history and functional status to create a treatment plan and reduce complications. The postoperative assessment examines the surgery details and any complications while monitoring pain, breathing, circulation, mobility and other factors to aid the patient's recovery. Physiotherapy focuses on regaining strength, mobility and functional independence through techniques like breathing exercises and range of motion.
Humidity therapy adds moisture to air delivered to patients and is used to overcome humidity deficits when the upper airway is bypassed or for humidifying dry medical gases. It helps maintain normal humidity levels in the airways and can assist in managing conditions like thick secretions or hypothermia. Various humidifiers actively add heat or water to air or passively recycle exhaled heat and moisture, with different types suited to invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
This document discusses various chest mobilization techniques used in physical therapy to improve chest wall mobility and ventilation. Some key techniques described include rib torsion, lateral stretching, and trunk rotation. Chest mobilization can help increase the length of intercostal muscles and improve biomechanics of chest movement. Specific exercises mentioned involve flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and trunk rotation while sitting. Counterrotation and butterfly techniques are also outlined to reduce neuromuscular tone and increase thoracic mobility. Controlled breathing can also be incorporated into walking exercises.
This document summarizes the role of physiotherapy in treating respiratory conditions. It discusses treatments to increase ventilation and oxygenation such as breathing exercises and positioning techniques. It also covers treatments to improve secretion clearance like postural drainage and cough techniques. Physiotherapy aims to improve patients' exercise tolerance through endurance training and uses electrotherapy to reduce pain.
Lung expansion therapy includes techniques like incentive spirometry, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and continuous positive airway pressure that aim to increase lung volume through applying positive pressure in the lungs and airways. It is used to treat or prevent pulmonary atelectasis following surgery or respiratory conditions that weaken breathing muscles. Common modalities involve breathing exercises, positioning changes, and devices that provide feedback to encourage deep inspirations sustained for several seconds to optimally expand alveoli. Contraindications include active bleeding, instability, or inability to participate actively.
The document discusses various surgical procedures involving the pleura including pleurectomy, pleurodesis, and decortication.
Pleurectomy involves removing part or all of the pleura to prevent fluid buildup and is used for conditions like pneumothorax or malignant pleural effusions. Pleurodesis uses sclerosing agents inserted into the pleural space to fuse the pleural surfaces together, treating issues like recurrent pneumothorax. Decortication removes thickened layers of pleura in cases of chronic pleural inflammation or empyema.
The document outlines pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy aims like lung expansion exercises, sputum clearance, mobility exercises, and discharge planning
Brian Mulligan described novel concept of the simultaneous application of therapist applied accessory mobilizations and patient generated active movements
Bronchial hygiene therapy involves noninvasive techniques to clear secretions and improve lung function. It includes techniques like positioning, coughing, breathing exercises, and chest manipulation. The goals are to prevent accumulation and promote removal of secretions to improve respiratory status. Indications are excessive sputum production and ineffective cough. Contraindications include conditions that increase risk of aspiration or compromise hemodynamics.
Buerger Allen Exercise (BAE) is a low-cost, postural treatment developed in 1924 to improve blood flow in the lower limbs and reduce risks for patients with peripheral vascular disease. It involves three positions - legs elevated at 45 degrees, legs lowered to 90 degrees, and legs flat for rest. BAE has been shown to reduce symptoms for diabetic patients, promote collateral blood circulation, improve skin perfusion, walking ability, and reduce necrosis and swelling. It works by alternately emptying and filling the blood vessels through changes in position and leg movements.
Dr. Abhijit Diwate discusses physiotherapy management of ICU patients. Key points include:
1) Physiotherapists assess patients, set goals like pain relief and secretion clearance, and use techniques like positioning, manual hyperinflation, percussion and breathing exercises.
2) Assessment involves examining the chest and determining ventilator settings. Goals are to prevent complications and improve function.
3) Common techniques are positioning, mobilization, manual hyperinflation, percussion, coughing/huffing, and breathing exercises to clear secretions and strengthen respiratory muscles.
This document discusses various techniques of chest physiotherapy including airway clearance techniques, facilitating effective coughing, and techniques to facilitate ventilation patterns. It describes specific techniques such as postural drainage, percussion, vibration and manual hyperinflation that are used to clear mucus from the lungs. It also discusses mobilization exercises and how treatment is prescribed based on factors like the underlying pathology, oxygen transport capacity, and intensity, duration and frequency of sessions. Contraindications and precautions for different techniques are provided.
The document discusses wound healing and various modalities used to promote wound healing such as ultrasound, laser, ultraviolet light, and pulsed shortwave diathermy. It covers the normal phases of wound healing including inflammatory, proliferation and maturation phases. Factors that can inhibit wound healing and importance of wound measurement are summarized. Electrical stimulation modalities like high voltage pulsed current and low voltage pulsed current are described along with their proposed mechanisms of action in accelerating wound healing. Placement and treatment procedures for electrical stimulation are also outlined.
The document discusses physiotherapy management techniques for ICU patients which include body positioning, mobilization, manual hyperinflation, suctioning, continuous rotational therapy, limb exercises, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises, inspiratory muscle training, and cough augmentation techniques like lung volume recruitment, manually assisted coughing, and insufflation-exsufflation devices. The goals of physiotherapy in the ICU are to optimize oxygen transport and cardiopulmonary function, maintain mobility and strength, and improve treatment outcomes by coordinating with other healthcare providers.
This document outlines the physiotherapy management for various types of thoracic surgeries. It discusses:
1) Pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy protocols for procedures like thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, pleurodesis, and thoracoplasty which involve breathing exercises, coughing techniques, ROM exercises, and early mobilization.
2) Common post-operative complications like pain, retained secretions, decreased mobility and focuses on ensuring analgesia and lung re-expansion exercises.
3) Timeline of post-operative physiotherapy starting from day of surgery, with progression of exercises and mobilization before discharge by 7-10 days on average.
This document discusses conservative management of cancer patients through rehabilitation. It describes how cancer rehabilitation aims to help patients achieve maximum physical, social, psychological and vocational functioning given disease limitations. It outlines common rehabilitation problems in cancer patients such as side effects from chemotherapy and radiation, fatigue, myopathies, neuropathies, pain, edema, immobility and depression. It also discusses rehabilitation approaches for issues like lymphedema, bone destruction, and system-specific cancers. Exercise is presented as a key part of managing many side effects and improving patient quality of life.
What is chest physiotherapy?
Chest physiotherapy is a group of physical techniques that improve lung function and help you breathe better. Chest PT, or CPT expands the lungs, strengthens breathing muscles, and loosens and improves drainage of thick lung secretions. Chest PT helps treat such diseases as cystic fibrosis and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). It also keeps the lungs clear to prevent pneumonia after surgery and during periods of immobility.
Application of PEP devices in Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy.
It includes types of PEP devices and their uses in physiotherapy..
It stands for positive expiratory pressure.
It includes spirometry, flutter, rc cornet, acapella, etc.
useful in various cardiorespiratory disorders like COPD, asthma , cystic fibrosis, respiratory failure etc.
method of removal of secretions from the lungs. patient need to learn an art of keeping their lungs free from secretions in chronic respiratory disorders like COPD, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Cystic fibrosis.
The document discusses various airway clearance techniques (ACTs) used to loosen and remove thick mucus from the lungs. It describes techniques like active cycle of breathing, thoracic expansion exercises, forced expiratory techniques, percussion, and positions. ACTs work by mobilizing secretions using breaths, coughing, and vibrations applied to the chest. Proper technique and regular implementation of ACTs can help clear airways and reduce disease symptoms and risks from conditions like cystic fibrosis or chronic lung disease. Contraindications include things like bronchospasm or inability to follow instructions.
This document provides information on preoperative and postoperative physiotherapy assessment for pulmonary surgery patients. The preoperative assessment involves collecting subjective and objective information on the patient's medical history and functional status to create a treatment plan and reduce complications. The postoperative assessment examines the surgery details and any complications while monitoring pain, breathing, circulation, mobility and other factors to aid the patient's recovery. Physiotherapy focuses on regaining strength, mobility and functional independence through techniques like breathing exercises and range of motion.
Humidity therapy adds moisture to air delivered to patients and is used to overcome humidity deficits when the upper airway is bypassed or for humidifying dry medical gases. It helps maintain normal humidity levels in the airways and can assist in managing conditions like thick secretions or hypothermia. Various humidifiers actively add heat or water to air or passively recycle exhaled heat and moisture, with different types suited to invasive or non-invasive ventilation.
This document discusses various chest mobilization techniques used in physical therapy to improve chest wall mobility and ventilation. Some key techniques described include rib torsion, lateral stretching, and trunk rotation. Chest mobilization can help increase the length of intercostal muscles and improve biomechanics of chest movement. Specific exercises mentioned involve flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and trunk rotation while sitting. Counterrotation and butterfly techniques are also outlined to reduce neuromuscular tone and increase thoracic mobility. Controlled breathing can also be incorporated into walking exercises.
This document summarizes the role of physiotherapy in treating respiratory conditions. It discusses treatments to increase ventilation and oxygenation such as breathing exercises and positioning techniques. It also covers treatments to improve secretion clearance like postural drainage and cough techniques. Physiotherapy aims to improve patients' exercise tolerance through endurance training and uses electrotherapy to reduce pain.
Lung expansion therapy includes techniques like incentive spirometry, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and continuous positive airway pressure that aim to increase lung volume through applying positive pressure in the lungs and airways. It is used to treat or prevent pulmonary atelectasis following surgery or respiratory conditions that weaken breathing muscles. Common modalities involve breathing exercises, positioning changes, and devices that provide feedback to encourage deep inspirations sustained for several seconds to optimally expand alveoli. Contraindications include active bleeding, instability, or inability to participate actively.
The document discusses various surgical procedures involving the pleura including pleurectomy, pleurodesis, and decortication.
Pleurectomy involves removing part or all of the pleura to prevent fluid buildup and is used for conditions like pneumothorax or malignant pleural effusions. Pleurodesis uses sclerosing agents inserted into the pleural space to fuse the pleural surfaces together, treating issues like recurrent pneumothorax. Decortication removes thickened layers of pleura in cases of chronic pleural inflammation or empyema.
The document outlines pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy aims like lung expansion exercises, sputum clearance, mobility exercises, and discharge planning
Brian Mulligan described novel concept of the simultaneous application of therapist applied accessory mobilizations and patient generated active movements
Bronchial hygiene therapy involves noninvasive techniques to clear secretions and improve lung function. It includes techniques like positioning, coughing, breathing exercises, and chest manipulation. The goals are to prevent accumulation and promote removal of secretions to improve respiratory status. Indications are excessive sputum production and ineffective cough. Contraindications include conditions that increase risk of aspiration or compromise hemodynamics.
Buerger Allen Exercise (BAE) is a low-cost, postural treatment developed in 1924 to improve blood flow in the lower limbs and reduce risks for patients with peripheral vascular disease. It involves three positions - legs elevated at 45 degrees, legs lowered to 90 degrees, and legs flat for rest. BAE has been shown to reduce symptoms for diabetic patients, promote collateral blood circulation, improve skin perfusion, walking ability, and reduce necrosis and swelling. It works by alternately emptying and filling the blood vessels through changes in position and leg movements.
Dr. Abhijit Diwate discusses physiotherapy management of ICU patients. Key points include:
1) Physiotherapists assess patients, set goals like pain relief and secretion clearance, and use techniques like positioning, manual hyperinflation, percussion and breathing exercises.
2) Assessment involves examining the chest and determining ventilator settings. Goals are to prevent complications and improve function.
3) Common techniques are positioning, mobilization, manual hyperinflation, percussion, coughing/huffing, and breathing exercises to clear secretions and strengthen respiratory muscles.
This document discusses various techniques of chest physiotherapy including airway clearance techniques, facilitating effective coughing, and techniques to facilitate ventilation patterns. It describes specific techniques such as postural drainage, percussion, vibration and manual hyperinflation that are used to clear mucus from the lungs. It also discusses mobilization exercises and how treatment is prescribed based on factors like the underlying pathology, oxygen transport capacity, and intensity, duration and frequency of sessions. Contraindications and precautions for different techniques are provided.
The document discusses wound healing and various modalities used to promote wound healing such as ultrasound, laser, ultraviolet light, and pulsed shortwave diathermy. It covers the normal phases of wound healing including inflammatory, proliferation and maturation phases. Factors that can inhibit wound healing and importance of wound measurement are summarized. Electrical stimulation modalities like high voltage pulsed current and low voltage pulsed current are described along with their proposed mechanisms of action in accelerating wound healing. Placement and treatment procedures for electrical stimulation are also outlined.
The document discusses physiotherapy management techniques for ICU patients which include body positioning, mobilization, manual hyperinflation, suctioning, continuous rotational therapy, limb exercises, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises, inspiratory muscle training, and cough augmentation techniques like lung volume recruitment, manually assisted coughing, and insufflation-exsufflation devices. The goals of physiotherapy in the ICU are to optimize oxygen transport and cardiopulmonary function, maintain mobility and strength, and improve treatment outcomes by coordinating with other healthcare providers.
This document outlines the physiotherapy management for various types of thoracic surgeries. It discusses:
1) Pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy protocols for procedures like thoracotomy, pneumonectomy, pleurodesis, and thoracoplasty which involve breathing exercises, coughing techniques, ROM exercises, and early mobilization.
2) Common post-operative complications like pain, retained secretions, decreased mobility and focuses on ensuring analgesia and lung re-expansion exercises.
3) Timeline of post-operative physiotherapy starting from day of surgery, with progression of exercises and mobilization before discharge by 7-10 days on average.
This document discusses conservative management of cancer patients through rehabilitation. It describes how cancer rehabilitation aims to help patients achieve maximum physical, social, psychological and vocational functioning given disease limitations. It outlines common rehabilitation problems in cancer patients such as side effects from chemotherapy and radiation, fatigue, myopathies, neuropathies, pain, edema, immobility and depression. It also discusses rehabilitation approaches for issues like lymphedema, bone destruction, and system-specific cancers. Exercise is presented as a key part of managing many side effects and improving patient quality of life.
What is chest physiotherapy?
Chest physiotherapy is a group of physical techniques that improve lung function and help you breathe better. Chest PT, or CPT expands the lungs, strengthens breathing muscles, and loosens and improves drainage of thick lung secretions. Chest PT helps treat such diseases as cystic fibrosis and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). It also keeps the lungs clear to prevent pneumonia after surgery and during periods of immobility.
Application of PEP devices in Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy.
It includes types of PEP devices and their uses in physiotherapy..
It stands for positive expiratory pressure.
It includes spirometry, flutter, rc cornet, acapella, etc.
useful in various cardiorespiratory disorders like COPD, asthma , cystic fibrosis, respiratory failure etc.
method of removal of secretions from the lungs. patient need to learn an art of keeping their lungs free from secretions in chronic respiratory disorders like COPD, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Cystic fibrosis.
The document discusses various airway clearance techniques (ACTs) used to loosen and remove thick mucus from the lungs. It describes techniques like active cycle of breathing, thoracic expansion exercises, forced expiratory techniques, percussion, and positions. ACTs work by mobilizing secretions using breaths, coughing, and vibrations applied to the chest. Proper technique and regular implementation of ACTs can help clear airways and reduce disease symptoms and risks from conditions like cystic fibrosis or chronic lung disease. Contraindications include things like bronchospasm or inability to follow instructions.
The process that moves air in and out of the lungs called breathing or pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Breathing exercise enhance the respiratory system.
Improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
This document discusses breathing exercises and spirometry. It begins by describing normal breathing and how improper breathing can cause issues. It then discusses various breathing exercises like deep breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and pursed lip breathing. The document explains how these exercises can improve ventilation and lung function. It also provides guidance on teaching breathing exercises and using an incentive spirometer to prevent complications after surgery or illness. Overall, the document provides an overview of normal breathing and how different breathing exercises and spirometry can enhance respiratory health.
Autogenic drainage is an airway clearance technique that uses controlled breathing at varied lung volumes to help clear secretions from the smaller peripheral airways to the larger central airways. It involves three stages - loosening mucus in the small airways (unstick), collecting mucus from the middle airways (collect), and removing mucus from the central airways (evacuate). The technique generates shearing forces through expiratory airflow to mobilize and transport secretions. Autogenic drainage is particularly suited for people with chronic hypersecretory lung diseases like cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.
Care of patient with respiratory problemsjannet reena
Place one hand under the scapula and other hand over the posterior lower ribs
Ask the patient to breathe out and feel the rib cage move downward and inward
As the patient breathes out, apply gentle pressure inward and downward with both hands
Just before inspiration, apply a quick stretch to the chest wall by pushing the hands posteriorly
and superiorly
During inspiration, apply light resistance over the lower posterior ribs to encourage deep
breathing
Patient:
Can apply self resistance by placing hands over the posterior lower ribs during inspiration
Apical expansion
This is important for patients with upper lobe pneumonia, post thorac
Breathing Exercise Rahul AP BPT,MPT (CRD&ICU) LIAHS KannurRahul Ap
The document discusses breathing exercises and ventilatory training for pulmonary conditions like COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Breathing exercises aim to improve ventilation, increase cough effectiveness, prevent postoperative complications, improve muscle strength and endurance, maintain chest mobility, and teach patients to manage dyspnea. Specific techniques covered include diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and segmental breathing exercises targeting different areas of the lungs. Precautions are outlined to avoid forced exhalation or prolonged expiration which could worsen symptoms.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed to clear secretions from the lungs. It involves 3 phases: 1) low volume breaths to mobilize peripheral secretions, 2) tidal volume breaths to collect middle airway mucus, and 3) large breaths and coughing to expectorate from the central airway. The technique aims to generate airflow through the lungs without airway collapse to loosen and transport secretions from small to large airways. It takes training to properly execute the varying breath volumes and coughs.
This document discusses different coughing techniques used to clear secretions from the airways. It describes controlled coughing, huff coughing, quad coughing, and cascade coughing. Controlled coughing uses gentle force to loosen and expel mucus without constricting the airways. Huff coughing uses mini-coughs to move mucus from the lungs. Quad coughing assists patients unable to cough well by applying pressure to the abdomen during exhalation and coughing. Cascade coughing increases chest expansion and helps cough secretions during exhalation. Coughing helps clear secretions but can cause bronchospasm, changes in blood pressure, or loss of consciousness in some patients.
The document discusses various breathing exercises and techniques. It describes the anatomy involved in breathing like the nose, trachea, diaphragm and lungs. It explains different types of breathing exercises like diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing and glossopharyngeal breathing. The goals, principles, guidelines for teaching and indications/contraindications of breathing exercises are provided. Resisted diaphragmatic breathing is also summarized.
Breathing exercises, also called ventilatory training, are fundamental interventions for patients with pulmonary diseases. They can improve ventilation, increase cough effectiveness, prevent postoperative complications, and more. There are various types of breathing exercises, including diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and segmental breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on belly breathing to improve strength. Pursed lip breathing prolongs exhalation to slow breathing rate. Segmental breathing targets specific areas of the lungs that need more ventilation. Proper technique and positioning are important to teach patients how to correctly perform different breathing exercises.
This document describes respiratory care modalities including chest physiotherapy techniques like postural drainage, percussion, and breathing exercises. Postural drainage uses specific positions and gravity to drain secretions from the lungs into the trachea where they can be coughed or suctioned out. Percussion helps loosen thick secretions for removal. Breathing retraining teaches pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing to make breathing more efficient. The nurse's role is to instruct patients and families on these techniques and ensure they are performed correctly and safely to clear the lungs and improve ventilation.
This document discusses various breathing techniques for patients with pulmonary disease. Inspiration is an active process caused by muscle contraction while expiration is typically passive caused by elastic recoil. Diaphragmatic breathing strengthens the diaphragm and decreases work of breathing. Pursed lip breathing controls shortness of breath by slowing breathing rate. Glossopharyngeal breathing forces extra air into the lungs using the throat and tongue muscles. Segmental and lateral costal breathing target specific lung areas.
Breathing exercises and ventilatory training are fundamental interventions for preventing acute and chronic pulmonary disease, with goals of improving ventilation, airway clearance, and preventing postoperative complications. The document outlines various breathing techniques including diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and segmental breathing and provides guidelines for teaching patients and precautions for different conditions.
This document discusses various methods of artificial respiration used to manually stimulate breathing in patients whose natural respiration has stopped. It describes techniques like Schafer's prone pressure method, Holger-Nielson's arm lift back pressure method, and Sylvester's arm lift chest pressure method. It also covers mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and instrumental methods that use machines to compress and release the chest, such as Drinker's negative pressure chamber method and Bragg Paul's rubber bag chest compression method. The goal of artificial respiration is to oxygenate the blood until the patient can resume natural breathing.
Artificial respiration is a method used to allow air to move in and out of the lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or absent. It involves manually establishing an open airway and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through various manual and instrumental methods. Some key manual methods include mouth-to-mouth respiration, prone pressure, arm-lift chest pressure, and tilting. Instrumental methods provide prolonged respiration and include drinker's iron lung chamber, Bragg Paul's rubber bag compression, continuous insufflation through tracheal tubes, and tank respirators.
Chest physiotherapy is a group of treatments used to clear excess mucus from the lungs through techniques like postural drainage, percussion, vibration, and deep breathing exercises. Postural drainage uses gravity and positioning to drain mucus into the throat where it can be coughed or suctioned out. Percussion and vibration help break up thick secretions so they can be more easily removed. Chest physiotherapy is indicated when a patient has excessive mucus, a reduced cough, or signs of retained secretions on imaging. It aims to improve lung function and oxygen intake. Outcomes are monitored through changes in sputum, breath sounds, vital signs, imaging and blood oxygen levels. Risks include low oxygen, increased intracranial
Chest physiotherapy consists of various techniques to clear mucus from the lungs including positioning the patient to drain secretions, chest percussion or tapping to loosen mucus, vibration, breathing exercises, and cough stimulation. The goals are to mobilize secretions, improve lung expansion, and strengthen respiratory muscles. Specific positions drain mucus from different lung segments using gravity assistance. Other techniques include manual chest compression and devices to provide oscillating airflow to help clear airways.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
2. ACBT stands for Active Cycle of Breathing Techniques.
ACBT is a set of breathing exercises that loosens and moves
the sputum from your airways. It is a flexible method of
treatment that can be used in conjunction with positioning
and adapted for use with most patients.
ACBT is used to:
Loosen and clear secretions from the lungs.
Improve ventilation in the lungs.
Improve the effectiveness of a cough.
ACBT
3. ACBT consists of three main phases:
1.Breathing Control
2.Deep Breathing Exercises or Thoracic Expansion Exercises
3.Huffing or Forced Expiratory Technique (FET)
4. Breathing Control
Breathing control is used to relax the airways and relieve the symptoms of wheezing
and tightness which normally occur after coughing or breathlessness.
The patient to close their eyes while performing breathing control can also be
beneficial in helping to promote relaxation.
Breathing Control can also help when one is experiencing shortness of breath, fear,
signs of bronchospasm, anxiety or is in a panic.
When using this technique with a patient as part of the ACBT, the patient may be
instructed to usually take 6 breaths.
5. Instructions to patient:
1. Breathe in and out gently through your nose if you can. If you cannot, breathe through
your mouth instead(patient breathe according to his own rate).
2. If you breathe out through your mouth, it's best to use breathing control with ‘pursed
lips breathing’.
3. Try to let go of any tension in your body with each breath out and keep your shoulders
relaxed.
4. Gradually try to make the breaths slower.
5. Try closing your eyes to help you to focus on your breathing and to relax.
6. Breathing control should continue until the person feels ready to progress to the other
stages in the cycle.
6. Deep Breathing Exercises
Deep breathing/thoracic expansion exercises are the breathing exercises that
focus on inspiration and help to loosen secretions on the lungs.
Instructions to patient:
Try to keep your chest and shoulders relaxed.
Take a long, slow and deep breath in, through your nose if you can.
At the end of the breath in, hold the air in your lungs for 2-3 seconds
before breathing out (this is known as an inspiratory hold)
Breathe out gently and relaxed, like a sigh. Don’t force the air out.
Repeat 3 – 5 times. If the patient feels light-headed then it is important
that they revert back to the breathing control phase of the cycle.
7. Huffing or huff coughing
Also called forced expiration technique, huff cough at different,
controlled lengths to move mucus up to the larger airways.
This huffing should be repeated until all mucus has been
huffed out of the lungs.
8.
9. Autogenic Drainage
What is AD?
Autogenic Drainage (AD), is an airway clearance technique that is characterised by
breathing control, where the individual aims to adjust the rate, depth, and location of
lung volumes during respiration.
It uses breathing at different lung volumes to loosen, mobilize, and move secretions in
three stages towards the larger central airways.
10. Stages
It consists of three stages:
Stage 1
Unstick secretions - breathe as much air out of your chest as you can then take a small
breath in, using your tummy, feeling your breath at the bottom of your chest. You may
hear secretions start to crackle. Resist any desire to cough.
Loosening peripheral secretions by breathing at low lung volumes (slow, deep air
movement)
Repeat for at least 3 breaths.
Stage 2
Collect secretions - as the crackle of secretions starts to get louder, change to
medium-sized breaths in. Feel the breaths more in the middle of your chest.
Repeat for at least 3 breaths.
Collecting secretions from central airways by breathing at low to middle lung volumes
(slow, mid-range air movement)
11. Stage 3
Evacuate secretions - when the crackles are louder still, take long, slow, full breaths
into your absolute maximum.
Repeat for at least 3 breaths.
Expelling secretions from the central airways by breathing at mid to high lung volumes
(shallow air movements)
12. Procedure
Sit in a well-supported position with a neutral lumbar spine and the neck and
shoulders relaxed.
Clear your nose and throat by blowing your nose and huffing.
Breathing in
Slowly breathe in through the nose to keep the upper airways open. Use the
diaphragm and/or the abdomen if possible.
First, take a large breath in, hold it for a moment. Breathe all the way out for as
long as you can. Now you are at low lung volume. The size of breath and level at
which you breathe depends on where the mucus is located.
Take a small to normal breath in, and pause. Hold your breath for about 3 seconds.
All the upper airways should be kept open. This improves the even filling of all
lung parts. The pause allows time for the air to get behind the mucus.
13. Breathing out
Breathe out through the mouth. Keep the upper airways open. This is your glottis,
throat, and mouth. Breathing out is done in a sighing manner. When you force your
breath out the airways can collapse. You will hear a wheeze.
At low lung level, breath using your abdominal muscles. Squeeze all the air out until
you can breathe out no more.
You hear the mucus rattling in the airways when breathing the right way. Put a hand
on your upper chest, and feel the mucus vibrating. High frequencies mean that the
mucus is in the small airways. Low frequencies mean that the mucus is in the large
airways. Using this feedback lets you easily adjust the technique.
Repeat the cycle. Inhale slowly to avoid sending the mucus back down. Keep
breathing at a low level until the mucus collects and moves upward. Signs of this
are:
The crackling of the mucus can be heard as you exhale.
You feel the mucus moving up.
You feel a strong urge to cough.
14. The level of breathing is raised when any of the above occurs. Refer to the
picture below. Moving the breathing from lower to higher lung area takes the
mucus with it.
Finally, the collected mucus reaches the large airways where it can be cleared by
a high lung volume huff. Don't cough until the mucus is in the larger airways.
Cough only if a huff did not move the mucus to the mouth.
You have now finished one cycle. Take a break of one to two minutes. Relax and
perform breathing control before you start on the next cycle. The cycles are
repeated during the session.
A session lasts between twenty to forty-five minutes or until you feel all the
mucus has been cleared
15. Percussion
Percussion is a manual technique used by respiratory physiotherapists to
improve airway clearance by mobilizing secretions in one or more lung
segments to the central airways. Percussion over an affected area
produces an energy wave, which is transmitted to the lungs and airways.
Percussion can be performed in two ways-
1.Manual Percussion
2.Mechanical Percussion
16. Equipments required for percussion
•The equipment required here is cupped hand of caregiver to deliver the force required to
drain the thick or the retained secretions, thin towel and a drainage table.
•Padded rubber nipples, pediatric anesthesia masks, padded medicine cups or bell
end of stethoscope may be used to provide percussion to infants.
•Electric or pneumatic percussors of different models are available in variable
intensities and frequencies for adults and older pediatric population which can stimulate
percussion mechanically. This enables patient to apply self-percussion more effectively.
17. Technique and treatment with Percussion
Position the hand in cup. It is must that the position should be maintained this way
till the end of the treatment.
The sound heard must be hollow and not of a slap. If erythema occurs, it is result of
slapping or not trapping enough air between the hands and the chest wall.
Rate of percussion, 100-480 times/min.
The force applied must be equal. The rate should be slowed down if the force of
non dominant and dominant hand doesn't match.
Hand position should be such that the percussion is avoided on bony prominence
like spine of scapula, clavicle, spinous processes of vertebrae.
Percussion must be avoided on floating ribs as they have single attachment . Patient
may be taught to self percuss with one hand over the areas which are reachable.
18. Vibrations
Vibration to the chest wall is the manual application of fine oscillatory
movements, of high frequency, with chest compression timed with
expiration.
While vibration is being administered, the patient is instructed to take
slow deep breaths (thoracic expansion exercises) to enhance the effect of
airflow on the movement of secretions .
The physiotherapist, or family member, places their hands on the
patients’ chest, either one hand on top of the other, or side by side,
depending on the size of the chest wall.
As the patient breathes out, a rapid oscillatory movement is applied in
the direction of the normal movement of the ribs and is transmitted
through the chest using body weight.