Breast self-examination involves visually inspecting and manually feeling the breasts and underarms for lumps or other abnormalities. It should be performed monthly after a woman's period ends. Learning to recognize the normal look and feel of one's breasts allows for noticing any changes that could indicate issues like breast cancer. The document provides instructions for properly performing breast self-examination in front of a mirror and while lying down.

1. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION

2. LESSON OUTLINE:
Brief anatomy of the human breast
What is breast self examination
When to perform breast self examination
purpose of breast self examination
How to perform breast self examination
Things to note during breast self examination
Summary
LESSON OBJECTIVES;
by the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
Perform breast self examination
State the purpose of breast self examination
Be able to identify when to perform breast self examination

3. THE HUMAN BREAST
 The adult female breast (the ‘breast’ hereafter) has a broad base that
overlies the 2nd to 6th ribs. It touches the lateral edge of the body of
the sternum on its medial aspect, and the midaxillary line on its
lateral aspect. Superiorly and laterally, projecting from its outer
upper quadrant, is a tongue-like projection of breast tissue into the
axilla, known as the axillary tail (of Spence). The upper outer
quadrant of the breast is the most common location of breast
neoplasms (both benign and malignant).
 The breast is made up of lobes,glandular tissues (lobules),mammary
ducts,nipples,areola ,blood vessels,lymph vessels and nerves.

4. WHAT IS SELF BREAST EXAMINATION
 A breast self-exam is a screening technique you can do
at home to check for breast lumps. A breast self-exam
can help screen for tumors, cysts, and other
abnormalities in the breasts. It isn’t as effective as
mammograms in detecting breast cancer, but it can help
you recognize abnormalities in your breasts’ typical
shape, size, and texture.

5. PURPOSE OF SELF BREAST EXAMINATION
 A breast self-exam that you do for breast awareness helps you understand the
normal look and feel of your breasts. If you notice a change in your breasts that
seems abnormal or if you notice one breast is different when compared with
the other, you can report it to your doctor.
 There are many conditions that can cause changes in your breasts, including
breast cancer.
 Although the breast self-exam technique isn't always a reliable way to detect
breast cancer, a significant number of women report that the first sign of their
breast cancer was a new breast lump they discovered on their own. For this
reason, doctors recommend being familiar with the normal consistency of your
breasts.

6. WHEN TO PERFORM SELF BREAST
EXAMINATION
 At the end of your periods
 For menopausal women at the same day of each month
 For breastfeeding mothers after the breast are empty that is after
breastfeeding

7. HOW TO PERFORM A BREAST SELF
EXAMINATION

10. How to perform a breast self examination
1. Visual inspection: With your shirt and bra removed, stand in front of a mirror. Put your arms
down by your sides. Look for any changes in breast shape, breast swelling, dimpling in the skin or
changes in the nipples. Next, raise your arms high overhead and look for the same things. Finally,
put your hands on your hips and press firmly to make your chest muscles flex. Look for the same
changes again. Be sure to look at both breasts.
2. Manual inspection while standing up: With your shirt and bra removed, use your right hand
to examine your left breast, then vice versa. With the pads of your three middle fingers, press on
every part of one breast. Use light pressure, then medium, then firm. Feel for any lumps, thick
spots or other changes. A circular pattern may help you make sure you hit every spot. Then, press
the tissue under the arm. Be sure to check under the areola and then squeeze the nipple gently to
check for discharge. Repeat the steps on the other side of your body.

11. 3. Manual inspection while lying down: When you lie down, your breast
tissue spreads more evenly. So this is a good position to feel for changes,
especially if your breasts are large. Lie down and put a pillow under your right
shoulder. Place your right arm behind your head. Using your left hand, apply the
same technique as step 2, using the pads of your fingers to press all parts of the
breast tissue and under your arm. Finally, swap the pillow to the other side, and
check the other breast and armpit. Be sure to check under the areola and then
squeeze the nipple gently to check for discharge.

14. THINGS TO NOTE DURING BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION
 Change in the look, feel or size of the breast.
 Change in the look or feel of the nipple.
 Dimpling or puckering of the skin.
 Lump, hard knot or thick spot in the breast tissue.
 Nipple discharge.
 Nipple or other area pulling inward.
 Pain in one spot that won’t go away.
 Rash on the nipple.
 Swelling of one or both breasts.
 Warmth, redness, or dark spots on the skin.

15. Summary
Breast self examination can be life saving as it helps in early detection
of breast cancers and increase your treatment offers and help improve
your outcome .thus preventing death.
This is why it is important for women to be able to perform this on
their own and our duty as nurses is to health educate both women and
young girls on the importance of breast self examination and how to
perform it on their own..
Encourage them to make it a routine and use a diary
if possible,to keep records.