Brain And Aphasia
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The document discusses morphology and word structure. It provides examples of word play, including made-up definitions that use morphological transformations for humor. New words can enter languages through blending morphemes or coining new terms, as seen in examples of words related to political scandals that end in "gate". English uses derivational morphology more than inflectional morphology to create new words.
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A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in language. There are two types of morphemes: free morphemes like root words which can stand alone, and bound morphemes like affixes which need to be attached to other morphemes. Affixes include prefixes at the beginning of words and suffixes at the end of words.
Morpheme
This document defines and categorizes different types of morphemes including roots, affixes, stems, and bases. It provides the following information:
1) A morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that cannot be further divided. There are two main types: root morphemes which have individual lexical meanings, and affixational morphemes which carry grammatical meaning.
2) A root is the base form of a word that retains its identity when affixes are removed. A stem includes the root plus any derivational affixes to which inflectional affixes can be added.
3) Affixes are bound morphemes that can only be used in combination
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This document provides an introduction to morphology, which is the study of word structure and formation. It discusses how words are composed of smaller units called morphemes, which can be prefixes, suffixes, or roots. While English has a limited inflectional system, it makes extensive use of derivational morphology through processes like derivation, conversion, backformation, compounding, and blending to generate new words. The document provides examples of different morphological processes and types of morphemes in English.
Class 06 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_intro_to_linguistics_clinical_phx
This document provides an overview of a phonetics class. It discusses the course structure, which is divided into broad transcription, articulation, and narrow transcription. It then covers linguistics concepts like phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Key areas of linguistics are defined, such as language form, meaning, and context. Examples are provided to illustrate phonological rules, morphological processes, syntactic structures, semantic ambiguity and pragmatic context dependence.
Hum1 podcast-week8-f11-language-online
The document discusses several key aspects of language and linguistics, including:
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2. It examines some key design features of human language, including duality of patterning, displacement, open-endedness, stimulus-freedom, and arbitrariness.
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Affixes
Here are some words that can be formed from each root:
act - action, active, activate, actor, actual, react
love - loving, loved, lover, beloved, loveable, loveless
talk - talking, talkative, talker, talk, untalkative
dark - darken, darker, darkness, darkly
comfort - comfortable, comforting, discomfort, uncomfortable
excite - exciting, excitement, excited, excitation
station - stationary, stationery, destation, restation
suit - suitable, suitability, unsuitable, suitcase, lawsuit
decide - decision, decisive, indecisive, undecided
mix - mixture, mixed, mixing, remix
Word of world by pamela fox
Pamela Fox shares her passion for words and their origins by providing examples of how languages evolve, borrow words from each other, and are influenced over time. She discusses how English comes from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and contains many borrowed words. Key examples provided are how "word" derives from proto-Germanic and Latin roots, "tea" came from Chinese through Dutch and Portuguese, and "orange" traveled through several languages before reaching English.
LEE 4 - GROUP 8 - UNIT 17
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Lee 4 - Group 8 - Unit 17
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A World of Words
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This document discusses concepts related to pronunciation for English learners whose first language is Spanish. It covers several areas that can cause problems for Spanish speakers learning English pronunciation, including vowel sounds, consonants, stress and intonation patterns. Examples are provided to illustrate minimal word pairs that differ by just one sound, as well as examples of stressed and unstressed syllables. An overview of phonology and the physics of speech production is also presented.Oral Communication and Philippine Literature LET Reviewer
This document discusses speech and oral communication. It provides a diagram labeling the speech-producing mechanism and its parts. It then covers phonetics and phonetic transcription. It discusses the smallest units of speech (phonemes, syllables, words), types of sounds (vowels, consonants, diphthongs), and how consonants can be classified based on manner of articulation (plosive, fricative, nasal, etc.). It also addresses oral communication, public speaking, literature in the Philippines during different time periods, and literary forms.
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Chapter 17 language history and change
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Favorite Fun Factoids.pptx
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Rules For Persistently Troublesome Cases
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FAQs about the English Language: Vocabulary
The document discusses various topics related to the English language vocabulary:
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2. While Chinese has the most written characters, estimates suggest English has the largest vocabulary among European languages due to its openness to importing words from other languages.
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4.
Comenius Germany presentation
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The document discusses how language shapes perceptions of gender and how gender is represented in language structures like semantics, morphology, and lexicon. It provides examples of gendered language in languages like Spanish, French, and German. The author administered a survey to examine if words still hold gendered connotations for different age groups, finding that the youngest group saw more words as neutral. The conclusion is that while gender inequality still exists, language is gradually becoming less rigidly gendered as new generations use it.
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This document discusses endangered languages and provides examples of languages that are extinct or nearing extinction. It notes that many of the world's smallest languages are disappearing, with estimates that half of the world's approximately 6,000 languages could be extinct within 100 years. Examples are provided of some of the last speakers of languages like Kayardild, Aka-Bo, and various Great Andamanese languages. Factors that endanger languages are discussed, including assimilation, lack of transmission to younger generations, and globalization. Responses to language endangerment include documentation efforts and revitalization programs for languages like Chitimacha and Navajo.
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The document discusses how languages change over time through natural processes. It notes that after 1,000 years, languages diverge to the point of no longer being mutually intelligible, and after 10,000 years the relationship becomes indistinguishable from unrelated languages. The rate of change varies, but systematic sound changes and borrowing are the main drivers of divergence. The comparative method is used to reconstruct ancestral languages and classify languages into families based on regular sound correspondences.
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