Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of cattle caused by Mycobacterium bovis that can occasionally infect other mammals. It is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans through the inhalation of aerosols or ingestion of unpasteurized milk. The disease spreads between animals through close contact and shedding of bacteria in excretions or lesions, and from animals to humans occupationally through farming or slaughterhouse work. Clinical signs in animals include coughing, weight loss, and enlarged lymph nodes that can rupture and drain.

1. Dr Ashish Tanwer
Teaching Associate
V. C.C, C.V.A.S Bikaner

2. Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial
disease of cattle that occasionally affects
other species of mammals.
This disease is asignificant zoonosis that
can spread to humans, typically by the
inhalation of aerosols or the ingestion of
unpasteurized milk.
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Define

3. Mycobacterium
Grampositive
Acid-fast bacterium (AFB)
Family Mycobacteriaceae.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-human
Mycobacterium bovis- zoonoticTB
Mycobacterium capare- zoonoticTB(rarely)
Mycobacterium canis-dog
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5. ANIMAL-ANIMAL
HorizontalTransmission-
 inhalation of aerosols(cats, badgers), by ingestion(calves, pigs,
cats, ferrets), or through breaks in the skin (cats,badgers).
 Shedding of bacteria in- faces,milk, discharging lesions,saliva,
vaginal fluids, semen and urine. (later stages of disease)
 Close,prolonged contact of healthy animals with infected animal
 Intensive livestock farming;
 Extensive livestock farming (vaccination centers,AI Centers,
Dipping tanks,Auction markets, transportation, ponds, wells and
streams, in tropical areas gathering under shady areas during hot
part of the day, salt supplementing points)
Verticaltransmission-Congenital infections (rare in developed
countries with an effective eradication program)
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7. Occupational Risk
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Farmers,
Abattoir workers,
Veterinarians
Laboratory technicians
Animal caretakers inzoos
Workers in animal
reservations andnational
parks
Close association with people
living with animals or
working with them.

8. Animals with pulmonary involvement
amoist cough that is worse in themorning, during cold
weather or exercise,
dyspnea or tachypnea.
In the terminal stages,animals may
become extremely emaciated
acute respiratory distress.
retropharyngeal or other lymph nodes enlarge and
may rupture and drain.
Greatly enlarged lymph nodes can also obstruct blood
vessels, airways, or the digestive tract.
If the digestive tract is involved, intermittent diarrhea
and constipation may be seen.
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9. Animals: Early on it remainsasymptomatic
Late stages
progressive emaciation,
alow–grade fluctuating fever,
weakness and
inappetence.
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10. granulomas (tubercles) where bacteria
have localized.
usually yellowish
either caseous,caseo-calcareousor calcified
often encapsulated.
found in the lymph nodes, particularly
those of the head andthorax.
common in the lung, spleen,liver and the
surfaces of bodycavities
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12.  Tuberculin skin test(screening test)
 Microscopic examination ofAFB
 Ziehl/Neelson stain
 Flourescent acid-faststain
 Isolation on selective culture media (8 weeks)
 PCR
 Biological safety cabinet should be used
 Wildlife: Lymphocyte proliferation
assay/gamma-interferon assays/ ELISA
 (
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13. Samples from Liveanimal:
 Sputum andother body fluids
 Blood samples
 Samples atnecropsy:
 Abnormal lymphnodes
 Lungs
 Liver
 Spleen
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14. Contagious bovinepleuropneumonia
Pasteurella
Corynebacterium pyogenespneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Traumaticpericarditis
Caseouslymphadenitis
Liver flukeinfestation
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15. BovineTB
BCG vaccination in animals less effective.
Isunder consideration in Europeancountries,
NorthAmericaand someAfrican countries.
Attenuated strain of wild type of M. bovis
isolate fromcattle
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16. Thanks
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